Adivasi - Qüestionari
Adivasi
  • 1. What was the traditional economy of most tribes according to the text?
A) Subsistence agriculture or hunting and gathering
B) Import and export trade services
C) Large-scale industrial manufacturing
D) Tourism and hospitality management
  • 2. Which items were historically traded by tribes with outsiders?
A) Gold and precious stones
B) Electronic goods and technology
C) Salt and iron
D) Advanced agricultural machinery
  • 3. What happened to tribal land ownership around 1900 under the British government?
A) Land was turned into protected national parks
B) Tribes were forced into urban migration
C) The government granted all land back to the tribes
D) Migrants received free land for cultivation
  • 4. How did Adivasi traditionally view land?
A) As a strictly inherited private asset
B) As land belonging exclusively to the state
C) As a common resource for whoever needed it
D) As a commodity to be sold for profit
  • 5. Why did many Adivasis lose the opportunity to claim their lands?
A) The government seized all land by force
B) They moved away to find better jobs
C) They were prohibited from farming their own land
D) They did not prioritize obtaining formal land titles
  • 6. What is a loophole that allowed non-Adivasi to gain access to tribal land?
A) Educational scholarships
B) Marriage alliances
C) Government employment quotas
D) Land leases
  • 7. What characterized the 1970s in relation to Adivasi land?
A) Decreased interest in tribal territories
B) Government-mandated restoration of land
C) A surge in tribal land ownership
D) Intense land pressure
  • 8. How did many Adivasis lose their land titles in the 1970s?
A) Voluntary donation to the state
B) Exchange for modern technology
C) Debt, bribery, or leases
D) Loss through environmental disasters
  • 9. What did some non-Adivasis do to gain competitive advantages over established tribes?
A) Build schools and hospitals for tribes
B) Marry into tribal families
C) Lobby to be classified as tribal
D) Convert to tribal religions
  • 10. What often happens when the government attempts to evict illegal non-tribal occupiers?
A) It is highly efficient and swift
B) It results in complete removal of all outsiders
C) It restores land directly to tribal elders
D) It proceeds slowly and often targets poor lower castes
  • 11. What has been a permanent feature of many tribal villages since the 1960s and 1970s?
A) State-run universities
B) Government administrative centers
C) Large-scale industrial factories
D) Resident non-tribal shopkeepers
  • 12. What are examples of cash crops mentioned in the text?
A) Oranges and bananas
B) Wheat and rice
C) Tea and coffee
D) Cotton or castor-oil plants
  • 13. What is an extreme consequence of the widespread indebtedness of Adivasis?
A) Full cancellation of tribal debts
B) Traders selling debtors to other merchants
C) Government intervention to pay off all debts
D) Forced enrollment in vocational schools
  • 14. Why are tribes in the Himalayan foothills less pressured by non-tribal intrusion?
A) Extreme poverty in the region
B) Lack of natural resources
C) Severe climate conditions
D) Historically distinct political status and isolation
  • 15. What was the 'Inner Line' policy?
A) A strategy to mine the Himalayan foothills
B) A ban on all agricultural activities
C) A trade agreement between tribes and the British
D) A policy requiring special permission for non-Adivasi to enter
  • 16. Why do post-colonial governments protect the Himalayan tribes?
A) Due to international humanitarian pressure
B) To preserve ancient tribal languages
C) As a strategy to secure the border with China
D) To promote tourism in the region
  • 17. Who was one of the Adivasis involved in the Indian independence movement?
A) Tatya Tope
B) Rani of Jhansi
C) Ramji Gond
D) Birsa Munda
  • 18. Which rebellion occurred between 1774 and 1779?
A) Bhumij rebellion
B) Kol rebellion
C) Halba rebellion
D) Santhal rebellion
  • 19. How many linguistic groupings are tribal languages categorized into?
A) Five
B) Ten
C) Three
D) Seven
  • 20. Approximately how many tribal groups are there in India?
A) Less than 100
B) Exactly 500
C) More than 700
D) Over 2000
  • 21. In how many languages is Adivasi literature composed?
A) Less than 20
B) More than 100
C) Exactly 500
D) Exactly 50
  • 22. Who started the Bhil rebellion in Banswara in 1858?
A) Laxman Naik
B) Birsa Munda
C) Tatya Tope
D) Ramji Gond
  • 23. Which of the following is listed as a linguistic grouping for tribal languages?
A) Austro-Asiatic
B) Semitic
C) Romance
D) Slavic
  • 24. When did the Santhal rebellion take place?
A) 1856–57
B) 1776
C) 1910
D) 1817
  • 25. Who is a prominent tribal writer mentioned in the text?
A) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
B) Rabindranath Tagore
C) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
D) Temsula Ao
  • 26. In which district did the Rampa Rebellion of 1922–1924 take place?
A) Khurda
B) Visakhapatnam district
C) Adilabad
D) Banswara
  • 27. The Chuar rebellion took place in which region?
A) Bengal
B) Banswara
C) Adilabad
D) Odisha
  • 28. Which rebellion occurred in 1910?
A) Bhumkal
B) Kol rebellion
C) Maria rebellion
D) Koli revolt
  • 29. Who started the Gond rebellion in Adilabad in 1860?
A) Laxman Naik
B) Ramji Gond
C) Jantya Bhil
D) Bangaru Devi
  • 30. Which of these is a linguistic category for tribal languages?
A) Arabic
B) Sino-Tibetan
C) Greek
D) Latin
  • 31. Who composed the Ramayana and is acknowledged for having Adivasi origins?
A) A Gond Raja
B) Bada Meena
C) Valmiki
D) Bharmal
  • 32. What percentage of India's population do Scheduled Tribes constitute?
A) 1.1%
B) 8.6%
C) 26.2%
D) 90%
  • 33. How are tribal communities designated in Bangladesh?
A) Animist groups
B) Scheduled Tribes
C) Nomadic tribes
D) Ethnic minority
  • 34. Which language group is found in northern Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand?
A) Tibeto-Burman
B) Munda
C) Dravidian
D) Indo-Aryan
  • 35. Which tribe is an example of an Indo-Aryan speaking tribe in the western region?
A) Bhils
B) Hos
C) Santals
D) Gonds
  • 36. What language family dominates the central tribal region covering parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha?
A) Sarnaist
B) Tibeto-Burman
C) Indo-Aryan
D) Dravidian
  • 37. What is the primary religion followed by Adivasi in Jharkhand?
A) Hinduism
B) Sarnaism
C) Christianity
D) Buddhism
  • 38. What religion do the Chakma and Marma people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts follow?
A) Animism
B) Hinduism
C) Christianity
D) Buddhism
  • 39. What is the main occupation of the Adivasis in Assam?
A) Nomadic herding
B) Tea workers
C) Mining
D) Rice farming
  • 40. What percentage of the total tribal population lives in the tribal belt stretching from Gujarat to West Bengal?
A) Around 10%
B) Around 20%
C) More than 90%
D) Roughly 75%
  • 41. Which group near Bellary, Karnataka, is a large concentration of tribal people?
A) Khasi
B) Gonds
C) Boyas/Valmikis
D) Santals
  • 42. In Bangladesh, which Adivasi group follows Christianity?
A) Chakma
B) Tripuri
C) Marma
D) Khasi
  • 43. What does the term Adivasi literally mean?
A) Beginning inhabitant
B) Ancient ruler
C) Forest dweller
D) Mountain people
  • 44. Which of the following is an alternative term for Adivasi that means 'forest dwellers'?
A) Dalit
B) Janjati
C) Dravidian
D) Vanavāsi
  • 45. In which country are Adivasi officially recognized as 'Ethnic minorities'?
A) Bangladesh
B) Sri Lanka
C) Pakistan
D) Nepal
  • 46. Who chaired the Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India?
A) Jaipal Singh Munda
B) Thakkar Bapa
C) Gandhi
D) Ambedkar
  • 47. Which article of the Indian Constitution defines Scheduled Tribes?
A) Article 366 (25)
B) Article 342
C) Article 107
D) Article 169
  • 48. Which group of people in Sri Lanka are referred to as Adivasi?
A) Vedda
B) Indo-Aryans
C) Tea-tribes
D) Dravidians
  • 49. Which international convention did India refuse to sign, despite having ratified its predecessor?
A) The 1950 Constitutional Accord
B) ILO Convention 169
C) ILO Convention 107
D) UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
  • 50. Where was the term Adivasi initially popularized?
A) North East India
B) Kerala
C) West Bengal
D) Jharkhand
  • 51. Which language family provided ancestry to Adivasi communities?
A) Latin
B) Austroasiatic
C) Arabic
D) Greek
  • 52. Who were the individuals designated by the British to hold legal property rights to land?
A) Zamindars
B) Adivasi elders
C) Foreign investors only
D) British military generals
  • 53. In what year was the colonial presence established on the Andaman Islands?
A) 1947
B) 1832
C) 1789
D) 1857
  • 54. Which rebellion occurred between 1855 and 1856?
A) Santal hul
B) Munda independence war
C) The Great Kol Uprising
D) Bhumij rebellion
  • 55. What kind of migration did economic deprivation trigger among some adivasis?
A) Mass migration to the Americas
B) Internal migrations within India
C) Permanent migration to Europe
D) Return migration to their ancestral lands
  • 56. Which governing body suppressed Adivasi revolts after 1858?
A) The East India Company
B) The local tribal rajas
C) The British government
D) The Indian National Congress
  • 57. How did the adivasi rajas generally view British administrative innovations?
A) Negatively
B) Positively
C) Indifferently
D) Enthusiastically
  • 58. In the 1891 Census of India, how were Adivasi people described?
A) Primitive tribe
B) Tribal animist
C) Hill and forest tribe
D) Forest tribe
  • 59. Which term was used to describe Adivasi in the 1901 Census of India?
A) Animist
B) Tribes
C) Primitive tribe
D) Forest tribe
  • 60. Where are Adivasi people who follow Islam primarily located?
A) Lakshadweep
B) Madhya Pradesh
C) Odisha
D) Jharkhand
  • 61. What is the etymological origin of the word 'animism'?
A) Greek
B) Persian
C) Sanskrit
D) Latin
  • 62. According to the text, what is the core belief of animism?
A) Non-human entities possess a spiritual essence
B) Reincarnation of the soul
C) Monistic Vedic worship
D) Worship of Indo-European deities
  • 63. In what year were Adivasi recorded as 'tribes' in the census?
A) 1931
B) 1941
C) 1921
D) 1911
  • 64. How does the text describe the term 'animism' in an anthropological context?
A) A word used by indigenous people
B) A synonym for Hinduism
C) A formal name for a religion
D) An anthropological construct
  • 65. When are Adivasi in Lakshadweep believed to have embraced Islam?
A) 14th century
B) 19th century
C) British period
D) Post-independence
  • 66. What does the name 'Donyi-Polo' mean?
A) Spirit worship
B) Sun-Moon
C) Sacred grove
D) Holy woods
  • 67. Where are the followers of Donyi-Polo primarily located?
A) Arunachal Pradesh
B) Central-East India
C) Nilgiri hills
D) Nicobar Islands
  • 68. How is the Sarna religion passed down through generations?
A) Oral traditions
B) Written scriptures
C) Formal schooling
D) Digital archives
  • 69. What does the word 'Sarna' mean in the context of the religion?
A) Sacred grove
B) Sun deity
C) Witch doctor
D) Holy animal
  • 70. Where do the Nayaka people live?
A) Central-East India
B) Nilgiri hills
C) Arunachal Pradesh
D) Nicobar Islands
  • 71. Which plant is considered sacred according to the text regarding Adivasi influences on Hinduism?
A) Sunflower
B) Tulsi
C) Rose
D) Cactus
  • 72. Which animal is mentioned as potentially having had totemic importance in Adivasi tribes?
A) Eagle
B) Cobra
C) Tiger
D) Lion
  • 73. Which tree is listed as having sacred status possibly derived from Adivasi culture?
A) Pine
B) Maple
C) Neem
D) Oak
  • 74. What term describes the Nayaka people's lifestyle?
A) Nomadic traders
B) Sedentary farmers
C) Urban dwellers
D) Hunter gatherer
  • 75. Which movement was founded by Sant Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma?
A) Shaivism
B) Brahma Dharma
C) The Kallar Reform Movement
D) Vedic Ritualism
  • 76. Who was the 'Nagam Guru' of the Santal tribes in the 14th century?
A) Sant Kubera
B) Maharshi Matanga
C) Sant Kalu Dev
D) Kalean Guru (Kalean Murmu)
  • 77. What did Bhakta Shabari offer to Shri Rama and Shri Laxmana?
A) Dried lotus flowers
B) Water from a stream
C) Swine flesh
D) Half-eaten ber fruit
  • 78. To which community did Sant Kalu Dev belong?
A) Kallar
B) Bodo
C) Santal
D) Nishadha
  • 79. Who was the guru of Bhakta Shabari?
A) Sant Dhira
B) Guru Brahma
C) Sant Kubera
D) Maharshi Matanga
  • 80. Which temple allows Badu (tribal) priests to bathe and adorn the deity?
A) Karppillikkavu Sree Mahadeva Temple
B) Indraprastha Temple
C) Brahma Dharma Temple
D) Lingaraja Temple
  • 81. What was the occupation of the avatar Kaladutaka (Vaikunthanatha)?
A) Temple priest
B) Fisherman
C) Hunter
D) Kallar (robber)
  • 82. How many followers did Sant Kubera have in his time?
A) 20,000
B) 100,000
C) 5,000
D) 10,000
  • 83. Which sant composed the six Vedangas in beautiful Tamil verse?
A) Sant Kalu Dev
B) Sant Tirumangai Alvar
C) Sant Dhudhalinath
D) Sant Kubera
  • 84. How did the British government perceive Adivasi society compared to caste society?
A) Technologically superior
B) Equally civilised
C) More civilised
D) Less civilised
  • 85. What existed between some Gond and Rajput Rajas prior to the British Raj?
A) Joint military alliances
B) Commercial trade agreements
C) Matrimonial relations
D) Constant warfare
  • 86. How many delegates cast their vote for 'Sari Dhorom' as the religion code at the 2011 conference?
A) 3
B) 632
C) 14
D) 51
  • 87. What was the total number of delegates present at the All India Adivasi Conference in 2011?
A) 750
B) 500
C) 632
D) 1000
  • 88. What is the literacy rate for Scheduled Tribes recorded in 1999–2000?
A) 40%
B) 59%
C) 29.6%
D) 8.5%
  • 89. Where is the Adivasi Academy located?
A) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
B) Kohima, Nagaland
C) Tejgadh, Gujarat
D) Asansol, West Bengal
  • 90. When was the Adivasi Academy for teaching and preserving languages established?
A) 2011
B) 1999
C) 1991
D) 1961
  • 91. Which agrarian tribe is specifically mentioned as being reluctant to send their children to school?
A) Gonds
B) Khasis
C) Nagas
D) Mizos
  • 92. What is the trend of tribal student dropout rates during school education?
A) Very low
B) Moderate
C) Non-existent
D) Very high
  • 93. What is the literacy rate for tribal males in 1999–2000?
A) 13.8%
B) 59%
C) 37%
D) 40.6%
  • 94. Which campaign in central India were Adivasis victims of due to the Naxalite insurgency?
A) Tribal Upliftment Scheme
B) Salwa Judum
C) Green Revolution
D) Forest Protection Drive
  • 95. How did non-Adivasis often secure the use of reserved forest lands?
A) By filing land ownership petitions
B) By negotiating with tribal elders
C) By bribing local officials
D) By signing government contracts
  • 96. Which group played a significant role in the early education of Northeastern tribes?
A) Foreign corporations
B) Missionaries
C) Government bureaucrats
D) Local merchant guilds
  • 97. What language was taught at most levels in the Northeastern education system by the early 1980s?
A) English
B) Hindi
C) Sanskrit
D) Assamese
  • 98. Who described the economic alienation of Adivasis as a 'systematic failure' in 2009?
A) Indira Gandhi
B) Manmohan Singh
C) Jawaharlal Nehru
D) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
  • 99. Which area is identified as being affected by Naxalite unrest linked to Adivasi exploitation?
A) The Western Ghats
B) The Thar Desert
C) The Red Corridor
D) The Indo-Gangetic Plain
  • 100. Which group in Manipur has cited the lack of ST status as an economic disadvantage?
A) Gujjar
B) Bodo
C) Meiteis
D) Meena
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