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Adivasi - Qüestionari
Contribució de: Haynes
  • 1. What was the traditional economy of most tribes according to the text?
A) Large-scale industrial manufacturing
B) Subsistence agriculture or hunting and gathering
C) Import and export trade services
D) Tourism and hospitality management
  • 2. Which items were historically traded by tribes with outsiders?
A) Advanced agricultural machinery
B) Gold and precious stones
C) Electronic goods and technology
D) Salt and iron
  • 3. What happened to tribal land ownership around 1900 under the British government?
A) Land was turned into protected national parks
B) Tribes were forced into urban migration
C) The government granted all land back to the tribes
D) Migrants received free land for cultivation
  • 4. How did Adivasi traditionally view land?
A) As a commodity to be sold for profit
B) As land belonging exclusively to the state
C) As a common resource for whoever needed it
D) As a strictly inherited private asset
  • 5. Why did many Adivasis lose the opportunity to claim their lands?
A) They were prohibited from farming their own land
B) They did not prioritize obtaining formal land titles
C) They moved away to find better jobs
D) The government seized all land by force
  • 6. What is a loophole that allowed non-Adivasi to gain access to tribal land?
A) Government employment quotas
B) Land leases
C) Educational scholarships
D) Marriage alliances
  • 7. What characterized the 1970s in relation to Adivasi land?
A) A surge in tribal land ownership
B) Decreased interest in tribal territories
C) Government-mandated restoration of land
D) Intense land pressure
  • 8. How did many Adivasis lose their land titles in the 1970s?
A) Exchange for modern technology
B) Loss through environmental disasters
C) Debt, bribery, or leases
D) Voluntary donation to the state
  • 9. What did some non-Adivasis do to gain competitive advantages over established tribes?
A) Marry into tribal families
B) Convert to tribal religions
C) Lobby to be classified as tribal
D) Build schools and hospitals for tribes
  • 10. What often happens when the government attempts to evict illegal non-tribal occupiers?
A) It is highly efficient and swift
B) It restores land directly to tribal elders
C) It results in complete removal of all outsiders
D) It proceeds slowly and often targets poor lower castes
  • 11. What has been a permanent feature of many tribal villages since the 1960s and 1970s?
A) Large-scale industrial factories
B) Resident non-tribal shopkeepers
C) State-run universities
D) Government administrative centers
  • 12. What are examples of cash crops mentioned in the text?
A) Tea and coffee
B) Oranges and bananas
C) Cotton or castor-oil plants
D) Wheat and rice
  • 13. What is an extreme consequence of the widespread indebtedness of Adivasis?
A) Traders selling debtors to other merchants
B) Government intervention to pay off all debts
C) Full cancellation of tribal debts
D) Forced enrollment in vocational schools
  • 14. Why are tribes in the Himalayan foothills less pressured by non-tribal intrusion?
A) Historically distinct political status and isolation
B) Extreme poverty in the region
C) Lack of natural resources
D) Severe climate conditions
  • 15. What was the 'Inner Line' policy?
A) A policy requiring special permission for non-Adivasi to enter
B) A trade agreement between tribes and the British
C) A ban on all agricultural activities
D) A strategy to mine the Himalayan foothills
  • 16. Why do post-colonial governments protect the Himalayan tribes?
A) To promote tourism in the region
B) As a strategy to secure the border with China
C) To preserve ancient tribal languages
D) Due to international humanitarian pressure
  • 17. Who was one of the Adivasis involved in the Indian independence movement?
A) Tatya Tope
B) Rani of Jhansi
C) Birsa Munda
D) Ramji Gond
  • 18. Which rebellion occurred between 1774 and 1779?
A) Kol rebellion
B) Bhumij rebellion
C) Halba rebellion
D) Santhal rebellion
  • 19. How many linguistic groupings are tribal languages categorized into?
A) Five
B) Ten
C) Seven
D) Three
  • 20. Approximately how many tribal groups are there in India?
A) Exactly 500
B) More than 700
C) Less than 100
D) Over 2000
  • 21. In how many languages is Adivasi literature composed?
A) Exactly 50
B) Exactly 500
C) Less than 20
D) More than 100
  • 22. Who started the Bhil rebellion in Banswara in 1858?
A) Birsa Munda
B) Laxman Naik
C) Tatya Tope
D) Ramji Gond
  • 23. Which of the following is listed as a linguistic grouping for tribal languages?
A) Slavic
B) Austro-Asiatic
C) Semitic
D) Romance
  • 24. When did the Santhal rebellion take place?
A) 1817
B) 1910
C) 1856–57
D) 1776
  • 25. Who is a prominent tribal writer mentioned in the text?
A) Temsula Ao
B) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
C) Rabindranath Tagore
D) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
  • 26. In which district did the Rampa Rebellion of 1922–1924 take place?
A) Banswara
B) Visakhapatnam district
C) Khurda
D) Adilabad
  • 27. The Chuar rebellion took place in which region?
A) Adilabad
B) Banswara
C) Bengal
D) Odisha
  • 28. Which rebellion occurred in 1910?
A) Kol rebellion
B) Koli revolt
C) Maria rebellion
D) Bhumkal
  • 29. Who started the Gond rebellion in Adilabad in 1860?
A) Jantya Bhil
B) Bangaru Devi
C) Laxman Naik
D) Ramji Gond
  • 30. Which of these is a linguistic category for tribal languages?
A) Greek
B) Arabic
C) Latin
D) Sino-Tibetan
  • 31. Who composed the Ramayana and is acknowledged for having Adivasi origins?
A) Bada Meena
B) A Gond Raja
C) Valmiki
D) Bharmal
  • 32. What percentage of India's population do Scheduled Tribes constitute?
A) 8.6%
B) 26.2%
C) 1.1%
D) 90%
  • 33. How are tribal communities designated in Bangladesh?
A) Scheduled Tribes
B) Ethnic minority
C) Nomadic tribes
D) Animist groups
  • 34. Which language group is found in northern Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand?
A) Dravidian
B) Munda
C) Indo-Aryan
D) Tibeto-Burman
  • 35. Which tribe is an example of an Indo-Aryan speaking tribe in the western region?
A) Hos
B) Santals
C) Bhils
D) Gonds
  • 36. What language family dominates the central tribal region covering parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha?
A) Tibeto-Burman
B) Dravidian
C) Indo-Aryan
D) Sarnaist
  • 37. What is the primary religion followed by Adivasi in Jharkhand?
A) Hinduism
B) Christianity
C) Buddhism
D) Sarnaism
  • 38. What religion do the Chakma and Marma people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts follow?
A) Christianity
B) Animism
C) Hinduism
D) Buddhism
  • 39. What is the main occupation of the Adivasis in Assam?
A) Tea workers
B) Rice farming
C) Nomadic herding
D) Mining
  • 40. What percentage of the total tribal population lives in the tribal belt stretching from Gujarat to West Bengal?
A) Around 10%
B) Around 20%
C) More than 90%
D) Roughly 75%
  • 41. Which group near Bellary, Karnataka, is a large concentration of tribal people?
A) Khasi
B) Santals
C) Gonds
D) Boyas/Valmikis
  • 42. In Bangladesh, which Adivasi group follows Christianity?
A) Marma
B) Tripuri
C) Khasi
D) Chakma
  • 43. What does the term Adivasi literally mean?
A) Forest dweller
B) Ancient ruler
C) Mountain people
D) Beginning inhabitant
  • 44. Which of the following is an alternative term for Adivasi that means 'forest dwellers'?
A) Janjati
B) Dalit
C) Dravidian
D) Vanavāsi
  • 45. In which country are Adivasi officially recognized as 'Ethnic minorities'?
A) Nepal
B) Sri Lanka
C) Bangladesh
D) Pakistan
  • 46. Who chaired the Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India?
A) Thakkar Bapa
B) Ambedkar
C) Jaipal Singh Munda
D) Gandhi
  • 47. Which article of the Indian Constitution defines Scheduled Tribes?
A) Article 366 (25)
B) Article 342
C) Article 169
D) Article 107
  • 48. Which group of people in Sri Lanka are referred to as Adivasi?
A) Dravidians
B) Vedda
C) Indo-Aryans
D) Tea-tribes
  • 49. Which international convention did India refuse to sign, despite having ratified its predecessor?
A) UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
B) The 1950 Constitutional Accord
C) ILO Convention 107
D) ILO Convention 169
  • 50. Where was the term Adivasi initially popularized?
A) Kerala
B) Jharkhand
C) West Bengal
D) North East India
  • 51. Which language family provided ancestry to Adivasi communities?
A) Austroasiatic
B) Latin
C) Greek
D) Arabic
  • 52. Who were the individuals designated by the British to hold legal property rights to land?
A) Adivasi elders
B) British military generals
C) Foreign investors only
D) Zamindars
  • 53. In what year was the colonial presence established on the Andaman Islands?
A) 1832
B) 1857
C) 1789
D) 1947
  • 54. Which rebellion occurred between 1855 and 1856?
A) Santal hul
B) Bhumij rebellion
C) Munda independence war
D) The Great Kol Uprising
  • 55. What kind of migration did economic deprivation trigger among some adivasis?
A) Mass migration to the Americas
B) Permanent migration to Europe
C) Internal migrations within India
D) Return migration to their ancestral lands
  • 56. Which governing body suppressed Adivasi revolts after 1858?
A) The East India Company
B) The British government
C) The Indian National Congress
D) The local tribal rajas
  • 57. How did the adivasi rajas generally view British administrative innovations?
A) Indifferently
B) Negatively
C) Enthusiastically
D) Positively
  • 58. In the 1891 Census of India, how were Adivasi people described?
A) Tribal animist
B) Hill and forest tribe
C) Primitive tribe
D) Forest tribe
  • 59. Which term was used to describe Adivasi in the 1901 Census of India?
A) Animist
B) Forest tribe
C) Primitive tribe
D) Tribes
  • 60. Where are Adivasi people who follow Islam primarily located?
A) Madhya Pradesh
B) Jharkhand
C) Lakshadweep
D) Odisha
  • 61. What is the etymological origin of the word 'animism'?
A) Latin
B) Persian
C) Greek
D) Sanskrit
  • 62. According to the text, what is the core belief of animism?
A) Reincarnation of the soul
B) Non-human entities possess a spiritual essence
C) Monistic Vedic worship
D) Worship of Indo-European deities
  • 63. In what year were Adivasi recorded as 'tribes' in the census?
A) 1941
B) 1931
C) 1921
D) 1911
  • 64. How does the text describe the term 'animism' in an anthropological context?
A) A synonym for Hinduism
B) A formal name for a religion
C) An anthropological construct
D) A word used by indigenous people
  • 65. When are Adivasi in Lakshadweep believed to have embraced Islam?
A) 14th century
B) 19th century
C) British period
D) Post-independence
  • 66. What does the name 'Donyi-Polo' mean?
A) Spirit worship
B) Sun-Moon
C) Sacred grove
D) Holy woods
  • 67. Where are the followers of Donyi-Polo primarily located?
A) Nilgiri hills
B) Central-East India
C) Arunachal Pradesh
D) Nicobar Islands
  • 68. How is the Sarna religion passed down through generations?
A) Formal schooling
B) Oral traditions
C) Digital archives
D) Written scriptures
  • 69. What does the word 'Sarna' mean in the context of the religion?
A) Sacred grove
B) Sun deity
C) Holy animal
D) Witch doctor
  • 70. Where do the Nayaka people live?
A) Nicobar Islands
B) Nilgiri hills
C) Arunachal Pradesh
D) Central-East India
  • 71. Which plant is considered sacred according to the text regarding Adivasi influences on Hinduism?
A) Cactus
B) Rose
C) Sunflower
D) Tulsi
  • 72. Which animal is mentioned as potentially having had totemic importance in Adivasi tribes?
A) Cobra
B) Tiger
C) Eagle
D) Lion
  • 73. Which tree is listed as having sacred status possibly derived from Adivasi culture?
A) Neem
B) Oak
C) Maple
D) Pine
  • 74. What term describes the Nayaka people's lifestyle?
A) Hunter gatherer
B) Urban dwellers
C) Sedentary farmers
D) Nomadic traders
  • 75. Which movement was founded by Sant Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma?
A) Brahma Dharma
B) Vedic Ritualism
C) Shaivism
D) The Kallar Reform Movement
  • 76. Who was the 'Nagam Guru' of the Santal tribes in the 14th century?
A) Maharshi Matanga
B) Sant Kubera
C) Sant Kalu Dev
D) Kalean Guru (Kalean Murmu)
  • 77. What did Bhakta Shabari offer to Shri Rama and Shri Laxmana?
A) Swine flesh
B) Dried lotus flowers
C) Water from a stream
D) Half-eaten ber fruit
  • 78. To which community did Sant Kalu Dev belong?
A) Santal
B) Nishadha
C) Bodo
D) Kallar
  • 79. Who was the guru of Bhakta Shabari?
A) Sant Dhira
B) Maharshi Matanga
C) Guru Brahma
D) Sant Kubera
  • 80. Which temple allows Badu (tribal) priests to bathe and adorn the deity?
A) Indraprastha Temple
B) Karppillikkavu Sree Mahadeva Temple
C) Brahma Dharma Temple
D) Lingaraja Temple
  • 81. What was the occupation of the avatar Kaladutaka (Vaikunthanatha)?
A) Kallar (robber)
B) Fisherman
C) Temple priest
D) Hunter
  • 82. How many followers did Sant Kubera have in his time?
A) 100,000
B) 20,000
C) 10,000
D) 5,000
  • 83. Which sant composed the six Vedangas in beautiful Tamil verse?
A) Sant Tirumangai Alvar
B) Sant Kalu Dev
C) Sant Dhudhalinath
D) Sant Kubera
  • 84. How did the British government perceive Adivasi society compared to caste society?
A) Technologically superior
B) Less civilised
C) Equally civilised
D) More civilised
  • 85. What existed between some Gond and Rajput Rajas prior to the British Raj?
A) Joint military alliances
B) Constant warfare
C) Commercial trade agreements
D) Matrimonial relations
  • 86. How many delegates cast their vote for 'Sari Dhorom' as the religion code at the 2011 conference?
A) 51
B) 14
C) 632
D) 3
  • 87. What was the total number of delegates present at the All India Adivasi Conference in 2011?
A) 632
B) 500
C) 750
D) 1000
  • 88. What is the literacy rate for Scheduled Tribes recorded in 1999–2000?
A) 59%
B) 29.6%
C) 8.5%
D) 40%
  • 89. Where is the Adivasi Academy located?
A) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
B) Tejgadh, Gujarat
C) Asansol, West Bengal
D) Kohima, Nagaland
  • 90. When was the Adivasi Academy for teaching and preserving languages established?
A) 1991
B) 1961
C) 2011
D) 1999
  • 91. Which agrarian tribe is specifically mentioned as being reluctant to send their children to school?
A) Gonds
B) Nagas
C) Khasis
D) Mizos
  • 92. What is the trend of tribal student dropout rates during school education?
A) Very high
B) Non-existent
C) Very low
D) Moderate
  • 93. What is the literacy rate for tribal males in 1999–2000?
A) 37%
B) 13.8%
C) 40.6%
D) 59%
  • 94. Which campaign in central India were Adivasis victims of due to the Naxalite insurgency?
A) Green Revolution
B) Salwa Judum
C) Forest Protection Drive
D) Tribal Upliftment Scheme
  • 95. How did non-Adivasis often secure the use of reserved forest lands?
A) By signing government contracts
B) By filing land ownership petitions
C) By bribing local officials
D) By negotiating with tribal elders
  • 96. Which group played a significant role in the early education of Northeastern tribes?
A) Missionaries
B) Foreign corporations
C) Government bureaucrats
D) Local merchant guilds
  • 97. What language was taught at most levels in the Northeastern education system by the early 1980s?
A) Assamese
B) Hindi
C) English
D) Sanskrit
  • 98. Who described the economic alienation of Adivasis as a 'systematic failure' in 2009?
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
C) Manmohan Singh
D) Indira Gandhi
  • 99. Which area is identified as being affected by Naxalite unrest linked to Adivasi exploitation?
A) The Western Ghats
B) The Red Corridor
C) The Thar Desert
D) The Indo-Gangetic Plain
  • 100. Which group in Manipur has cited the lack of ST status as an economic disadvantage?
A) Gujjar
B) Meiteis
C) Bodo
D) Meena
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