- 1. In what year did Félix Marie Charles Texier discover monumental ruins near Boğazköy?
A) 1833
B) 1858
C) 1861
D) 1834
- 2. Which French archaeologist discovered monumental ruins near Boğazköy?
A) Hugo Winckler
B) Félix Marie Charles Texier
C) Georges Perrot
D) Ernest Chantre
- 3. Which German geographer visited the Boğazköy site in 1858?
A) Waldemar Belck
B) Carl Humann
C) Kurt Bittel
D) Heinrich Barth
- 4. Who excavated at the site and at the nearby site of Yazılıkaya in 1861?
A) Félix Marie Charles Texier
B) Otto Puchstein
C) Georges Perrot
D) Hugo Winckler
- 5. Which German engineer completed a full plan of the site in 1882?
A) Daniel Krencker
B) Heinrich Kohl
C) Carl Humann
D) Ludwig Curtius
- 6. Why were Ernest Chantre's excavations in 1893–94 cut short?
A) A cholera outbreak
B) The outbreak of WWI
C) The outbreak of WWII
D) Lack of funding
- 7. What significant finds did Ernest Chantre discover in 1893–94?
A) A large metal tablet with chains
B) A Mycenae bronze sword
C) Thousands of sealed bullae
D) Fragments of clay tablets inscribed with cuneiform
- 8. Who visited the site several times between 1901 and 1905 and found a number of tablets?
A) Félix Marie Charles Texier
B) Waldemar Belck
C) Carl Humann
D) Heinrich Barth
- 9. On behalf of which society did Hugo Winckler conduct soundings at Boğazköy in 1905?
A) Museum of Anatolian Civilizations
B) French Archaeological Mission
C) German Archaeological Institute
D) German Oriental Society
- 10. At which specific site area did Hugo Winckler find 35 cuneiform tablet fragments in 1905?
A) Sphinx Gate
B) Büyükkaya
C) Büyükkale
D) Westbau
- 11. In what year did Hugo Winckler begin actual excavations focusing mainly on the royal fortress area?
A) 1901
B) 1907
C) 1906
D) 1905
- 12. What event stopped the excavations involving Hugo Winckler and Theodore Makridi?
A) Outbreak of WWI
B) Discovery of the Sphinx Gate
C) A cholera outbreak
D) Outbreak of WWII
- 13. What are the abbreviations of the two series in which tablets from Winckler's excavations were published?
A) BOG and HAT
B) TUR and CUN
C) KBZ and KUA
D) KBO and KUB
- 14. Who resumed work at the site in 1931 with establishing stratigraphy as the major focus?
A) Peter Neve
B) Andreas Schachner
C) Kurt Bittel
D) Jürgen Seeher
- 15. What event caused the suspension of excavations in 1939 under Kurt Bittel?
A) Political revolution in Turkey
B) A cholera outbreak
C) Outbreak of WWII
D) Outbreak of WWI
- 16. When did Peter Neve become field director of the excavations?
A) 1952
B) 1963
C) 1978
D) 1993
- 17. When did Peter Neve become overall director of the excavations?
A) 1986
B) 1993
C) 1978
D) 1963
- 18. What was the main focus area of the excavations under Peter Neve?
A) Sphinx Gate
B) Royal fortress area
C) Büyükkaya and non-monumental areas
D) Upper City area
- 19. Who assumed control of the excavation in 1994?
A) Jürgen Seeher
B) Peter Neve
C) Kurt Bittel
D) Andreas Schachner
- 20. What was the focus of the excavations under Jürgen Seeher from 1994 to 2005?
A) Yazılıkaya sanctuary
B) Upper City area
C) Royal fortress area
D) Büyükkaya and non-monumental areas
- 21. Who became the new director of archaeology at Hattusa from 2006 on?
A) Jürgen Seeher
B) Kurt Bittel
C) Peter Neve
D) Andreas Schachner
- 22. What has been the primary focus of activities at Hattusa since 2006?
A) Restoration and preparation for tourist operations
B) Discovering new cuneiform tablets
C) Establishing new stratigraphy
D) Excavating the royal fortress
- 23. In what year was the large inscribed metal tablet discovered near the Sphinx Gate?
A) 1991
B) 1986
C) 1834
D) 1994
- 24. How far west of the Sphinx Gate was the metal tablet discovered in 1986?
A) 35 meters
B) 1833 meters
C) 35 centimeters
D) 3400 meters
- 25. What are the dimensions and weight of the metal tablet discovered in 1986?
A) 50 × 40 cm, 10 kg
B) 35 × 24 cm, 5 kg
C) 20 × 15 cm, 2 kg
D) 35 × 24 cm, 15 kg
- 26. Which king was a party to the treaty inscribed on the 1986 metal tablet?
A) Duthaliya the Great King
B) Hugo Winckler
C) Tudḫaliya IV
D) Kurunta
- 27. Who was Kurunta, the co-signer of the treaty on the 1986 metal tablet?
A) King of Hattusa
B) Storm-God
C) King of Tarḫuntašša
D) King of Assuwa-Country
- 28. Where is the 1986 metal tablet currently held?
A) German Archaeological Institute
B) Boğazköy local museum
C) Louvre Museum
D) Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara
- 29. When was the Mycenae bronze sword found on the western slope during repair work?
A) 1994
B) 1991
C) 1986
D) 2006
- 30. In which language was the Mycenae bronze sword inscribed?
A) French
B) Hittite
C) Akkadian
D) Assyrian
- 31. According to the sword's inscription, to whom did Duthaliya the Great King dedicate the swords?
A) Kurunta
B) The Storm-God
C) Heinrich Barth
D) Félix Marie Charles Texier
- 32. Which country was defeated by Duthaliya the Great King according to the bronze sword inscription?
A) Boğazköy
B) Ankara
C) Assuwa-Country
D) Tarḫuntašša
- 33. What significant find was made in the 'Westbau' building during the 1990-91 excavation season?
A) Thousands of unreadable Hittite tablets
B) A Mycenae bronze sword
C) A large metal tablet with chains
D) 3400 sealed bullae and clay lumps
- 34. To what century do the sealed bullae and clay lumps found in the 'Westbau' building date?
A) 1st half of the 14th century BC
B) 19th century AD
C) 1st millennium BC
D) 2nd half of the 13th century BC
- 35. What were the 3400 sealed bullae and clay lumps primarily associated with?
A) Religious rituals
B) Royal treaties
C) Land documents
D) Military campaigns
- 36. During which historical period was Hattusa the capital?
A) 19th century BC
B) 12th century AD
C) Late Bronze Age
D) Chalcolithic period
- 37. Near which modern settlement are the ruins of Hattusa located?
A) Kültepe, Turkey
B) Boğazkale, Turkey
C) Tarhuntassa, Turkey
D) Sapinuwa, Turkey
- 38. Which river forms a great loop near the ruins of Hattusa?
A) Marashantiya River
B) Kızılırmak River
C) Halys River
D) Euphrates River
- 39. What people established a settlement on the site toward the end of the 3rd millennium BC?
A) Kaskians
B) Hattian people
C) Hittites
D) Assyrians
- 40. What did merchants from Assyria establish in the lower city of Hattusa in the 19th and 18th centuries BC?
A) A massive wall
B) A trading post
C) A cremation cemetery
D) A royal palace
- 41. Where was the center of the Assyrian merchants who traded at Hattusa?
A) Kanesh
B) Kussara
C) Sapinuwa
D) Tarhuntassa
- 42. Which Hittite king moved the capital from Neša to Hattusa around 1650 BC?
A) Tudhaliya I
B) Labarna
C) Suppiluliuma I
D) Anitta
- 43. What name did Labarna take after moving the capital to Hattusa?
A) Mursili
B) Anittas
C) Muwatalli
D) Hattusili
- 44. To which city did the Hittites temporarily move the capital north under King Tudhaliya I due to Kaskian attacks?
A) Kanesh
B) Sapinuwa
C) Tarhuntassa
D) Kussara
- 45. To which southern city did Muwatalli II move the capital?
A) Sapinuwa
B) Tarhuntassa
C) Neša
D) Büyükkale
- 46. Who was assigned as governor over Hattusa by Muwatalli II?
A) Hattusili III
B) Mursili III
C) Suppiluliuma I
D) Tudhaliya I
- 47. Which Hittite ruler returned the seat of government to Hattusa in the mid-13th century BC?
A) Labarna
B) Mursili III
C) Anitta
D) Muwatalli II
- 48. What was the total peak area covered by the city of Hattusa?
A) 6.0 km2
B) 1.0 km2
C) 0.8 km2
D) 1.8 km2
- 49. During whose reign were the massive walls of Hattusa erected?
A) Suppiluliuma I
B) Anitta
C) Mursili III
D) Labarna
- 50. What was the area of the inner city of Hattusa?
A) 1.0 km2
B) 1.8 km2
C) 3.0 km2
D) 0.8 km2
- 51. How many temples were located in the outer city?
A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five
- 52. What type of burials are mostly found in the cemeteries outside the walls of Hattusa?
A) Catacomb burials
B) Cremation burials
C) Mummified burials
D) Shaft burials
- 53. What was the modern estimated population of Hattusa at its peak?
A) 100,000
B) 10,000
C) 1,000
D) 50,000
- 54. What environmental factor has been suggested as occurring at the time of the city's disintegration?
A) A prolonged ice age
B) A volcanic eruption
C) A regional drought
D) A massive flood
- 55. Which Egyptian leader was involved in the peace settlement with the Hittites after the Battle of Kadesh?
A) Akhenaten
B) Ramsesses I
C) Ramesses II
D) Tutankhamun
- 56. At which Anatolian center is Maşat Höyük located?
A) Hattusa
B) Tabigga
C) Sapinuwa
D) Bogazköy
- 57. Where were the pair of sphinxes originally found in Hattusa?
A) In the royal archives
B) At the southern gate
C) At the northern gate
D) At the karum
- 58. When were the sphinxes taken to Germany for restoration?
A) 2011
B) 1917
C) 1934
D) 1924
- 59. When was the better-preserved sphinx returned to Turkey?
A) 1934
B) 2011
C) 1924
D) 1917
- 60. When was the sphinx from the Pergamon Museum moved to the Boğazköy Museum?
A) 1917
B) 2011
C) 1924
D) 1934
- 61. Where is the Boğazköy Museum located?
A) Outside the Hattusa ruins
B) Inside the Pergamon Museum
C) In Istanbul
D) Next to the United Nations
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