Adivasi - εξέταση
Adivasi
  • 1. What was the traditional economy of most tribes according to the text?
A) Large-scale industrial manufacturing
B) Import and export trade services
C) Subsistence agriculture or hunting and gathering
D) Tourism and hospitality management
  • 2. Which items were historically traded by tribes with outsiders?
A) Advanced agricultural machinery
B) Salt and iron
C) Gold and precious stones
D) Electronic goods and technology
  • 3. What happened to tribal land ownership around 1900 under the British government?
A) The government granted all land back to the tribes
B) Land was turned into protected national parks
C) Migrants received free land for cultivation
D) Tribes were forced into urban migration
  • 4. How did Adivasi traditionally view land?
A) As a strictly inherited private asset
B) As land belonging exclusively to the state
C) As a common resource for whoever needed it
D) As a commodity to be sold for profit
  • 5. Why did many Adivasis lose the opportunity to claim their lands?
A) They did not prioritize obtaining formal land titles
B) They were prohibited from farming their own land
C) They moved away to find better jobs
D) The government seized all land by force
  • 6. What is a loophole that allowed non-Adivasi to gain access to tribal land?
A) Marriage alliances
B) Land leases
C) Educational scholarships
D) Government employment quotas
  • 7. What characterized the 1970s in relation to Adivasi land?
A) A surge in tribal land ownership
B) Intense land pressure
C) Government-mandated restoration of land
D) Decreased interest in tribal territories
  • 8. How did many Adivasis lose their land titles in the 1970s?
A) Exchange for modern technology
B) Voluntary donation to the state
C) Debt, bribery, or leases
D) Loss through environmental disasters
  • 9. What did some non-Adivasis do to gain competitive advantages over established tribes?
A) Lobby to be classified as tribal
B) Convert to tribal religions
C) Build schools and hospitals for tribes
D) Marry into tribal families
  • 10. What often happens when the government attempts to evict illegal non-tribal occupiers?
A) It restores land directly to tribal elders
B) It is highly efficient and swift
C) It proceeds slowly and often targets poor lower castes
D) It results in complete removal of all outsiders
  • 11. What has been a permanent feature of many tribal villages since the 1960s and 1970s?
A) State-run universities
B) Government administrative centers
C) Large-scale industrial factories
D) Resident non-tribal shopkeepers
  • 12. What are examples of cash crops mentioned in the text?
A) Cotton or castor-oil plants
B) Wheat and rice
C) Oranges and bananas
D) Tea and coffee
  • 13. What is an extreme consequence of the widespread indebtedness of Adivasis?
A) Forced enrollment in vocational schools
B) Traders selling debtors to other merchants
C) Full cancellation of tribal debts
D) Government intervention to pay off all debts
  • 14. Why are tribes in the Himalayan foothills less pressured by non-tribal intrusion?
A) Severe climate conditions
B) Historically distinct political status and isolation
C) Extreme poverty in the region
D) Lack of natural resources
  • 15. What was the 'Inner Line' policy?
A) A ban on all agricultural activities
B) A trade agreement between tribes and the British
C) A strategy to mine the Himalayan foothills
D) A policy requiring special permission for non-Adivasi to enter
  • 16. Why do post-colonial governments protect the Himalayan tribes?
A) Due to international humanitarian pressure
B) To preserve ancient tribal languages
C) As a strategy to secure the border with China
D) To promote tourism in the region
  • 17. Who was one of the Adivasis involved in the Indian independence movement?
A) Ramji Gond
B) Birsa Munda
C) Rani of Jhansi
D) Tatya Tope
  • 18. Which rebellion occurred between 1774 and 1779?
A) Kol rebellion
B) Santhal rebellion
C) Bhumij rebellion
D) Halba rebellion
  • 19. How many linguistic groupings are tribal languages categorized into?
A) Ten
B) Three
C) Five
D) Seven
  • 20. Approximately how many tribal groups are there in India?
A) Over 2000
B) More than 700
C) Exactly 500
D) Less than 100
  • 21. In how many languages is Adivasi literature composed?
A) Exactly 500
B) Less than 20
C) More than 100
D) Exactly 50
  • 22. Who started the Bhil rebellion in Banswara in 1858?
A) Laxman Naik
B) Ramji Gond
C) Tatya Tope
D) Birsa Munda
  • 23. Which of the following is listed as a linguistic grouping for tribal languages?
A) Semitic
B) Romance
C) Slavic
D) Austro-Asiatic
  • 24. When did the Santhal rebellion take place?
A) 1817
B) 1856–57
C) 1776
D) 1910
  • 25. Who is a prominent tribal writer mentioned in the text?
A) Rabindranath Tagore
B) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
C) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
D) Temsula Ao
  • 26. In which district did the Rampa Rebellion of 1922–1924 take place?
A) Banswara
B) Khurda
C) Adilabad
D) Visakhapatnam district
  • 27. The Chuar rebellion took place in which region?
A) Adilabad
B) Odisha
C) Banswara
D) Bengal
  • 28. Which rebellion occurred in 1910?
A) Bhumkal
B) Maria rebellion
C) Koli revolt
D) Kol rebellion
  • 29. Who started the Gond rebellion in Adilabad in 1860?
A) Jantya Bhil
B) Laxman Naik
C) Ramji Gond
D) Bangaru Devi
  • 30. Which of these is a linguistic category for tribal languages?
A) Arabic
B) Sino-Tibetan
C) Greek
D) Latin
  • 31. Who composed the Ramayana and is acknowledged for having Adivasi origins?
A) Bada Meena
B) Bharmal
C) Valmiki
D) A Gond Raja
  • 32. What percentage of India's population do Scheduled Tribes constitute?
A) 90%
B) 1.1%
C) 26.2%
D) 8.6%
  • 33. How are tribal communities designated in Bangladesh?
A) Scheduled Tribes
B) Nomadic tribes
C) Animist groups
D) Ethnic minority
  • 34. Which language group is found in northern Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand?
A) Tibeto-Burman
B) Indo-Aryan
C) Dravidian
D) Munda
  • 35. Which tribe is an example of an Indo-Aryan speaking tribe in the western region?
A) Bhils
B) Hos
C) Santals
D) Gonds
  • 36. What language family dominates the central tribal region covering parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha?
A) Sarnaist
B) Tibeto-Burman
C) Indo-Aryan
D) Dravidian
  • 37. What is the primary religion followed by Adivasi in Jharkhand?
A) Buddhism
B) Hinduism
C) Sarnaism
D) Christianity
  • 38. What religion do the Chakma and Marma people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts follow?
A) Hinduism
B) Animism
C) Buddhism
D) Christianity
  • 39. What is the main occupation of the Adivasis in Assam?
A) Rice farming
B) Tea workers
C) Mining
D) Nomadic herding
  • 40. What percentage of the total tribal population lives in the tribal belt stretching from Gujarat to West Bengal?
A) More than 90%
B) Around 10%
C) Roughly 75%
D) Around 20%
  • 41. Which group near Bellary, Karnataka, is a large concentration of tribal people?
A) Khasi
B) Boyas/Valmikis
C) Santals
D) Gonds
  • 42. In Bangladesh, which Adivasi group follows Christianity?
A) Chakma
B) Khasi
C) Tripuri
D) Marma
  • 43. What does the term Adivasi literally mean?
A) Mountain people
B) Beginning inhabitant
C) Forest dweller
D) Ancient ruler
  • 44. Which of the following is an alternative term for Adivasi that means 'forest dwellers'?
A) Vanavāsi
B) Janjati
C) Dalit
D) Dravidian
  • 45. In which country are Adivasi officially recognized as 'Ethnic minorities'?
A) Pakistan
B) Nepal
C) Bangladesh
D) Sri Lanka
  • 46. Who chaired the Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India?
A) Gandhi
B) Ambedkar
C) Thakkar Bapa
D) Jaipal Singh Munda
  • 47. Which article of the Indian Constitution defines Scheduled Tribes?
A) Article 107
B) Article 169
C) Article 366 (25)
D) Article 342
  • 48. Which group of people in Sri Lanka are referred to as Adivasi?
A) Tea-tribes
B) Vedda
C) Indo-Aryans
D) Dravidians
  • 49. Which international convention did India refuse to sign, despite having ratified its predecessor?
A) The 1950 Constitutional Accord
B) ILO Convention 107
C) UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
D) ILO Convention 169
  • 50. Where was the term Adivasi initially popularized?
A) West Bengal
B) Jharkhand
C) Kerala
D) North East India
  • 51. Which language family provided ancestry to Adivasi communities?
A) Greek
B) Austroasiatic
C) Latin
D) Arabic
  • 52. Who were the individuals designated by the British to hold legal property rights to land?
A) British military generals
B) Adivasi elders
C) Zamindars
D) Foreign investors only
  • 53. In what year was the colonial presence established on the Andaman Islands?
A) 1789
B) 1832
C) 1857
D) 1947
  • 54. Which rebellion occurred between 1855 and 1856?
A) The Great Kol Uprising
B) Bhumij rebellion
C) Santal hul
D) Munda independence war
  • 55. What kind of migration did economic deprivation trigger among some adivasis?
A) Mass migration to the Americas
B) Return migration to their ancestral lands
C) Internal migrations within India
D) Permanent migration to Europe
  • 56. Which governing body suppressed Adivasi revolts after 1858?
A) The British government
B) The local tribal rajas
C) The Indian National Congress
D) The East India Company
  • 57. How did the adivasi rajas generally view British administrative innovations?
A) Indifferently
B) Enthusiastically
C) Positively
D) Negatively
  • 58. In the 1891 Census of India, how were Adivasi people described?
A) Hill and forest tribe
B) Forest tribe
C) Primitive tribe
D) Tribal animist
  • 59. Which term was used to describe Adivasi in the 1901 Census of India?
A) Primitive tribe
B) Tribes
C) Animist
D) Forest tribe
  • 60. Where are Adivasi people who follow Islam primarily located?
A) Jharkhand
B) Lakshadweep
C) Odisha
D) Madhya Pradesh
  • 61. What is the etymological origin of the word 'animism'?
A) Greek
B) Persian
C) Latin
D) Sanskrit
  • 62. According to the text, what is the core belief of animism?
A) Non-human entities possess a spiritual essence
B) Monistic Vedic worship
C) Reincarnation of the soul
D) Worship of Indo-European deities
  • 63. In what year were Adivasi recorded as 'tribes' in the census?
A) 1911
B) 1941
C) 1931
D) 1921
  • 64. How does the text describe the term 'animism' in an anthropological context?
A) An anthropological construct
B) A word used by indigenous people
C) A synonym for Hinduism
D) A formal name for a religion
  • 65. When are Adivasi in Lakshadweep believed to have embraced Islam?
A) 14th century
B) 19th century
C) Post-independence
D) British period
  • 66. What does the name 'Donyi-Polo' mean?
A) Sun-Moon
B) Spirit worship
C) Sacred grove
D) Holy woods
  • 67. Where are the followers of Donyi-Polo primarily located?
A) Arunachal Pradesh
B) Central-East India
C) Nilgiri hills
D) Nicobar Islands
  • 68. How is the Sarna religion passed down through generations?
A) Oral traditions
B) Digital archives
C) Formal schooling
D) Written scriptures
  • 69. What does the word 'Sarna' mean in the context of the religion?
A) Witch doctor
B) Sacred grove
C) Holy animal
D) Sun deity
  • 70. Where do the Nayaka people live?
A) Nilgiri hills
B) Central-East India
C) Arunachal Pradesh
D) Nicobar Islands
  • 71. Which plant is considered sacred according to the text regarding Adivasi influences on Hinduism?
A) Tulsi
B) Cactus
C) Rose
D) Sunflower
  • 72. Which animal is mentioned as potentially having had totemic importance in Adivasi tribes?
A) Lion
B) Eagle
C) Tiger
D) Cobra
  • 73. Which tree is listed as having sacred status possibly derived from Adivasi culture?
A) Maple
B) Neem
C) Oak
D) Pine
  • 74. What term describes the Nayaka people's lifestyle?
A) Sedentary farmers
B) Hunter gatherer
C) Urban dwellers
D) Nomadic traders
  • 75. Which movement was founded by Sant Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma?
A) The Kallar Reform Movement
B) Shaivism
C) Vedic Ritualism
D) Brahma Dharma
  • 76. Who was the 'Nagam Guru' of the Santal tribes in the 14th century?
A) Sant Kalu Dev
B) Sant Kubera
C) Kalean Guru (Kalean Murmu)
D) Maharshi Matanga
  • 77. What did Bhakta Shabari offer to Shri Rama and Shri Laxmana?
A) Swine flesh
B) Water from a stream
C) Half-eaten ber fruit
D) Dried lotus flowers
  • 78. To which community did Sant Kalu Dev belong?
A) Bodo
B) Kallar
C) Santal
D) Nishadha
  • 79. Who was the guru of Bhakta Shabari?
A) Sant Dhira
B) Sant Kubera
C) Maharshi Matanga
D) Guru Brahma
  • 80. Which temple allows Badu (tribal) priests to bathe and adorn the deity?
A) Karppillikkavu Sree Mahadeva Temple
B) Brahma Dharma Temple
C) Indraprastha Temple
D) Lingaraja Temple
  • 81. What was the occupation of the avatar Kaladutaka (Vaikunthanatha)?
A) Fisherman
B) Hunter
C) Kallar (robber)
D) Temple priest
  • 82. How many followers did Sant Kubera have in his time?
A) 10,000
B) 100,000
C) 20,000
D) 5,000
  • 83. Which sant composed the six Vedangas in beautiful Tamil verse?
A) Sant Kalu Dev
B) Sant Dhudhalinath
C) Sant Kubera
D) Sant Tirumangai Alvar
  • 84. How did the British government perceive Adivasi society compared to caste society?
A) Technologically superior
B) Equally civilised
C) More civilised
D) Less civilised
  • 85. What existed between some Gond and Rajput Rajas prior to the British Raj?
A) Joint military alliances
B) Constant warfare
C) Commercial trade agreements
D) Matrimonial relations
  • 86. How many delegates cast their vote for 'Sari Dhorom' as the religion code at the 2011 conference?
A) 632
B) 3
C) 51
D) 14
  • 87. What was the total number of delegates present at the All India Adivasi Conference in 2011?
A) 632
B) 750
C) 1000
D) 500
  • 88. What is the literacy rate for Scheduled Tribes recorded in 1999–2000?
A) 59%
B) 29.6%
C) 8.5%
D) 40%
  • 89. Where is the Adivasi Academy located?
A) Kohima, Nagaland
B) Tejgadh, Gujarat
C) Asansol, West Bengal
D) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
  • 90. When was the Adivasi Academy for teaching and preserving languages established?
A) 2011
B) 1961
C) 1999
D) 1991
  • 91. Which agrarian tribe is specifically mentioned as being reluctant to send their children to school?
A) Mizos
B) Nagas
C) Gonds
D) Khasis
  • 92. What is the trend of tribal student dropout rates during school education?
A) Very low
B) Very high
C) Non-existent
D) Moderate
  • 93. What is the literacy rate for tribal males in 1999–2000?
A) 40.6%
B) 37%
C) 13.8%
D) 59%
  • 94. Which campaign in central India were Adivasis victims of due to the Naxalite insurgency?
A) Tribal Upliftment Scheme
B) Forest Protection Drive
C) Salwa Judum
D) Green Revolution
  • 95. How did non-Adivasis often secure the use of reserved forest lands?
A) By filing land ownership petitions
B) By signing government contracts
C) By bribing local officials
D) By negotiating with tribal elders
  • 96. Which group played a significant role in the early education of Northeastern tribes?
A) Local merchant guilds
B) Missionaries
C) Foreign corporations
D) Government bureaucrats
  • 97. What language was taught at most levels in the Northeastern education system by the early 1980s?
A) Sanskrit
B) Assamese
C) English
D) Hindi
  • 98. Who described the economic alienation of Adivasis as a 'systematic failure' in 2009?
A) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
B) Indira Gandhi
C) Jawaharlal Nehru
D) Manmohan Singh
  • 99. Which area is identified as being affected by Naxalite unrest linked to Adivasi exploitation?
A) The Red Corridor
B) The Indo-Gangetic Plain
C) The Western Ghats
D) The Thar Desert
  • 100. Which group in Manipur has cited the lack of ST status as an economic disadvantage?
A) Meiteis
B) Gujjar
C) Meena
D) Bodo
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