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Adivasi - εξέταση
Συνεισφορά από: Haynes
  • 1. What was the traditional economy of most tribes according to the text?
A) Subsistence agriculture or hunting and gathering
B) Tourism and hospitality management
C) Import and export trade services
D) Large-scale industrial manufacturing
  • 2. Which items were historically traded by tribes with outsiders?
A) Gold and precious stones
B) Electronic goods and technology
C) Salt and iron
D) Advanced agricultural machinery
  • 3. What happened to tribal land ownership around 1900 under the British government?
A) Tribes were forced into urban migration
B) Migrants received free land for cultivation
C) Land was turned into protected national parks
D) The government granted all land back to the tribes
  • 4. How did Adivasi traditionally view land?
A) As a commodity to be sold for profit
B) As a common resource for whoever needed it
C) As a strictly inherited private asset
D) As land belonging exclusively to the state
  • 5. Why did many Adivasis lose the opportunity to claim their lands?
A) They were prohibited from farming their own land
B) They moved away to find better jobs
C) They did not prioritize obtaining formal land titles
D) The government seized all land by force
  • 6. What is a loophole that allowed non-Adivasi to gain access to tribal land?
A) Land leases
B) Marriage alliances
C) Educational scholarships
D) Government employment quotas
  • 7. What characterized the 1970s in relation to Adivasi land?
A) Decreased interest in tribal territories
B) Intense land pressure
C) A surge in tribal land ownership
D) Government-mandated restoration of land
  • 8. How did many Adivasis lose their land titles in the 1970s?
A) Voluntary donation to the state
B) Debt, bribery, or leases
C) Loss through environmental disasters
D) Exchange for modern technology
  • 9. What did some non-Adivasis do to gain competitive advantages over established tribes?
A) Convert to tribal religions
B) Lobby to be classified as tribal
C) Build schools and hospitals for tribes
D) Marry into tribal families
  • 10. What often happens when the government attempts to evict illegal non-tribal occupiers?
A) It results in complete removal of all outsiders
B) It restores land directly to tribal elders
C) It proceeds slowly and often targets poor lower castes
D) It is highly efficient and swift
  • 11. What has been a permanent feature of many tribal villages since the 1960s and 1970s?
A) Resident non-tribal shopkeepers
B) State-run universities
C) Government administrative centers
D) Large-scale industrial factories
  • 12. What are examples of cash crops mentioned in the text?
A) Oranges and bananas
B) Tea and coffee
C) Wheat and rice
D) Cotton or castor-oil plants
  • 13. What is an extreme consequence of the widespread indebtedness of Adivasis?
A) Traders selling debtors to other merchants
B) Full cancellation of tribal debts
C) Forced enrollment in vocational schools
D) Government intervention to pay off all debts
  • 14. Why are tribes in the Himalayan foothills less pressured by non-tribal intrusion?
A) Severe climate conditions
B) Lack of natural resources
C) Historically distinct political status and isolation
D) Extreme poverty in the region
  • 15. What was the 'Inner Line' policy?
A) A policy requiring special permission for non-Adivasi to enter
B) A ban on all agricultural activities
C) A trade agreement between tribes and the British
D) A strategy to mine the Himalayan foothills
  • 16. Why do post-colonial governments protect the Himalayan tribes?
A) To promote tourism in the region
B) As a strategy to secure the border with China
C) Due to international humanitarian pressure
D) To preserve ancient tribal languages
  • 17. Who was one of the Adivasis involved in the Indian independence movement?
A) Birsa Munda
B) Tatya Tope
C) Rani of Jhansi
D) Ramji Gond
  • 18. Which rebellion occurred between 1774 and 1779?
A) Bhumij rebellion
B) Santhal rebellion
C) Kol rebellion
D) Halba rebellion
  • 19. How many linguistic groupings are tribal languages categorized into?
A) Five
B) Ten
C) Three
D) Seven
  • 20. Approximately how many tribal groups are there in India?
A) Over 2000
B) More than 700
C) Exactly 500
D) Less than 100
  • 21. In how many languages is Adivasi literature composed?
A) Less than 20
B) Exactly 500
C) Exactly 50
D) More than 100
  • 22. Who started the Bhil rebellion in Banswara in 1858?
A) Laxman Naik
B) Birsa Munda
C) Ramji Gond
D) Tatya Tope
  • 23. Which of the following is listed as a linguistic grouping for tribal languages?
A) Slavic
B) Semitic
C) Romance
D) Austro-Asiatic
  • 24. When did the Santhal rebellion take place?
A) 1856–57
B) 1817
C) 1910
D) 1776
  • 25. Who is a prominent tribal writer mentioned in the text?
A) Temsula Ao
B) Rabindranath Tagore
C) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
D) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
  • 26. In which district did the Rampa Rebellion of 1922–1924 take place?
A) Khurda
B) Banswara
C) Adilabad
D) Visakhapatnam district
  • 27. The Chuar rebellion took place in which region?
A) Banswara
B) Adilabad
C) Bengal
D) Odisha
  • 28. Which rebellion occurred in 1910?
A) Kol rebellion
B) Koli revolt
C) Bhumkal
D) Maria rebellion
  • 29. Who started the Gond rebellion in Adilabad in 1860?
A) Laxman Naik
B) Jantya Bhil
C) Bangaru Devi
D) Ramji Gond
  • 30. Which of these is a linguistic category for tribal languages?
A) Greek
B) Sino-Tibetan
C) Arabic
D) Latin
  • 31. Who composed the Ramayana and is acknowledged for having Adivasi origins?
A) Bharmal
B) A Gond Raja
C) Bada Meena
D) Valmiki
  • 32. What percentage of India's population do Scheduled Tribes constitute?
A) 1.1%
B) 8.6%
C) 90%
D) 26.2%
  • 33. How are tribal communities designated in Bangladesh?
A) Ethnic minority
B) Animist groups
C) Nomadic tribes
D) Scheduled Tribes
  • 34. Which language group is found in northern Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand?
A) Munda
B) Tibeto-Burman
C) Indo-Aryan
D) Dravidian
  • 35. Which tribe is an example of an Indo-Aryan speaking tribe in the western region?
A) Gonds
B) Bhils
C) Santals
D) Hos
  • 36. What language family dominates the central tribal region covering parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha?
A) Sarnaist
B) Tibeto-Burman
C) Indo-Aryan
D) Dravidian
  • 37. What is the primary religion followed by Adivasi in Jharkhand?
A) Buddhism
B) Christianity
C) Sarnaism
D) Hinduism
  • 38. What religion do the Chakma and Marma people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts follow?
A) Christianity
B) Animism
C) Hinduism
D) Buddhism
  • 39. What is the main occupation of the Adivasis in Assam?
A) Tea workers
B) Nomadic herding
C) Mining
D) Rice farming
  • 40. What percentage of the total tribal population lives in the tribal belt stretching from Gujarat to West Bengal?
A) Around 10%
B) Roughly 75%
C) More than 90%
D) Around 20%
  • 41. Which group near Bellary, Karnataka, is a large concentration of tribal people?
A) Khasi
B) Boyas/Valmikis
C) Santals
D) Gonds
  • 42. In Bangladesh, which Adivasi group follows Christianity?
A) Marma
B) Tripuri
C) Chakma
D) Khasi
  • 43. What does the term Adivasi literally mean?
A) Forest dweller
B) Mountain people
C) Beginning inhabitant
D) Ancient ruler
  • 44. Which of the following is an alternative term for Adivasi that means 'forest dwellers'?
A) Dalit
B) Janjati
C) Dravidian
D) Vanavāsi
  • 45. In which country are Adivasi officially recognized as 'Ethnic minorities'?
A) Nepal
B) Bangladesh
C) Pakistan
D) Sri Lanka
  • 46. Who chaired the Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India?
A) Ambedkar
B) Thakkar Bapa
C) Gandhi
D) Jaipal Singh Munda
  • 47. Which article of the Indian Constitution defines Scheduled Tribes?
A) Article 107
B) Article 366 (25)
C) Article 169
D) Article 342
  • 48. Which group of people in Sri Lanka are referred to as Adivasi?
A) Vedda
B) Tea-tribes
C) Indo-Aryans
D) Dravidians
  • 49. Which international convention did India refuse to sign, despite having ratified its predecessor?
A) UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
B) The 1950 Constitutional Accord
C) ILO Convention 169
D) ILO Convention 107
  • 50. Where was the term Adivasi initially popularized?
A) Jharkhand
B) West Bengal
C) North East India
D) Kerala
  • 51. Which language family provided ancestry to Adivasi communities?
A) Arabic
B) Austroasiatic
C) Latin
D) Greek
  • 52. Who were the individuals designated by the British to hold legal property rights to land?
A) British military generals
B) Zamindars
C) Foreign investors only
D) Adivasi elders
  • 53. In what year was the colonial presence established on the Andaman Islands?
A) 1857
B) 1947
C) 1832
D) 1789
  • 54. Which rebellion occurred between 1855 and 1856?
A) Munda independence war
B) Santal hul
C) Bhumij rebellion
D) The Great Kol Uprising
  • 55. What kind of migration did economic deprivation trigger among some adivasis?
A) Mass migration to the Americas
B) Return migration to their ancestral lands
C) Internal migrations within India
D) Permanent migration to Europe
  • 56. Which governing body suppressed Adivasi revolts after 1858?
A) The East India Company
B) The local tribal rajas
C) The Indian National Congress
D) The British government
  • 57. How did the adivasi rajas generally view British administrative innovations?
A) Indifferently
B) Negatively
C) Enthusiastically
D) Positively
  • 58. In the 1891 Census of India, how were Adivasi people described?
A) Forest tribe
B) Hill and forest tribe
C) Tribal animist
D) Primitive tribe
  • 59. Which term was used to describe Adivasi in the 1901 Census of India?
A) Animist
B) Forest tribe
C) Tribes
D) Primitive tribe
  • 60. Where are Adivasi people who follow Islam primarily located?
A) Odisha
B) Madhya Pradesh
C) Jharkhand
D) Lakshadweep
  • 61. What is the etymological origin of the word 'animism'?
A) Sanskrit
B) Greek
C) Persian
D) Latin
  • 62. According to the text, what is the core belief of animism?
A) Monistic Vedic worship
B) Non-human entities possess a spiritual essence
C) Worship of Indo-European deities
D) Reincarnation of the soul
  • 63. In what year were Adivasi recorded as 'tribes' in the census?
A) 1941
B) 1911
C) 1931
D) 1921
  • 64. How does the text describe the term 'animism' in an anthropological context?
A) An anthropological construct
B) A synonym for Hinduism
C) A word used by indigenous people
D) A formal name for a religion
  • 65. When are Adivasi in Lakshadweep believed to have embraced Islam?
A) Post-independence
B) 14th century
C) British period
D) 19th century
  • 66. What does the name 'Donyi-Polo' mean?
A) Spirit worship
B) Holy woods
C) Sacred grove
D) Sun-Moon
  • 67. Where are the followers of Donyi-Polo primarily located?
A) Arunachal Pradesh
B) Central-East India
C) Nicobar Islands
D) Nilgiri hills
  • 68. How is the Sarna religion passed down through generations?
A) Written scriptures
B) Digital archives
C) Oral traditions
D) Formal schooling
  • 69. What does the word 'Sarna' mean in the context of the religion?
A) Sun deity
B) Sacred grove
C) Holy animal
D) Witch doctor
  • 70. Where do the Nayaka people live?
A) Nilgiri hills
B) Nicobar Islands
C) Arunachal Pradesh
D) Central-East India
  • 71. Which plant is considered sacred according to the text regarding Adivasi influences on Hinduism?
A) Cactus
B) Rose
C) Tulsi
D) Sunflower
  • 72. Which animal is mentioned as potentially having had totemic importance in Adivasi tribes?
A) Lion
B) Cobra
C) Eagle
D) Tiger
  • 73. Which tree is listed as having sacred status possibly derived from Adivasi culture?
A) Oak
B) Maple
C) Neem
D) Pine
  • 74. What term describes the Nayaka people's lifestyle?
A) Hunter gatherer
B) Sedentary farmers
C) Urban dwellers
D) Nomadic traders
  • 75. Which movement was founded by Sant Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma?
A) The Kallar Reform Movement
B) Shaivism
C) Brahma Dharma
D) Vedic Ritualism
  • 76. Who was the 'Nagam Guru' of the Santal tribes in the 14th century?
A) Maharshi Matanga
B) Kalean Guru (Kalean Murmu)
C) Sant Kubera
D) Sant Kalu Dev
  • 77. What did Bhakta Shabari offer to Shri Rama and Shri Laxmana?
A) Water from a stream
B) Swine flesh
C) Dried lotus flowers
D) Half-eaten ber fruit
  • 78. To which community did Sant Kalu Dev belong?
A) Nishadha
B) Santal
C) Bodo
D) Kallar
  • 79. Who was the guru of Bhakta Shabari?
A) Sant Dhira
B) Maharshi Matanga
C) Guru Brahma
D) Sant Kubera
  • 80. Which temple allows Badu (tribal) priests to bathe and adorn the deity?
A) Karppillikkavu Sree Mahadeva Temple
B) Indraprastha Temple
C) Lingaraja Temple
D) Brahma Dharma Temple
  • 81. What was the occupation of the avatar Kaladutaka (Vaikunthanatha)?
A) Kallar (robber)
B) Temple priest
C) Fisherman
D) Hunter
  • 82. How many followers did Sant Kubera have in his time?
A) 5,000
B) 100,000
C) 20,000
D) 10,000
  • 83. Which sant composed the six Vedangas in beautiful Tamil verse?
A) Sant Dhudhalinath
B) Sant Kubera
C) Sant Tirumangai Alvar
D) Sant Kalu Dev
  • 84. How did the British government perceive Adivasi society compared to caste society?
A) More civilised
B) Technologically superior
C) Less civilised
D) Equally civilised
  • 85. What existed between some Gond and Rajput Rajas prior to the British Raj?
A) Joint military alliances
B) Commercial trade agreements
C) Matrimonial relations
D) Constant warfare
  • 86. How many delegates cast their vote for 'Sari Dhorom' as the religion code at the 2011 conference?
A) 14
B) 632
C) 3
D) 51
  • 87. What was the total number of delegates present at the All India Adivasi Conference in 2011?
A) 750
B) 632
C) 1000
D) 500
  • 88. What is the literacy rate for Scheduled Tribes recorded in 1999–2000?
A) 29.6%
B) 59%
C) 8.5%
D) 40%
  • 89. Where is the Adivasi Academy located?
A) Asansol, West Bengal
B) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
C) Tejgadh, Gujarat
D) Kohima, Nagaland
  • 90. When was the Adivasi Academy for teaching and preserving languages established?
A) 1991
B) 1961
C) 1999
D) 2011
  • 91. Which agrarian tribe is specifically mentioned as being reluctant to send their children to school?
A) Khasis
B) Nagas
C) Gonds
D) Mizos
  • 92. What is the trend of tribal student dropout rates during school education?
A) Non-existent
B) Very high
C) Very low
D) Moderate
  • 93. What is the literacy rate for tribal males in 1999–2000?
A) 59%
B) 13.8%
C) 37%
D) 40.6%
  • 94. Which campaign in central India were Adivasis victims of due to the Naxalite insurgency?
A) Tribal Upliftment Scheme
B) Forest Protection Drive
C) Green Revolution
D) Salwa Judum
  • 95. How did non-Adivasis often secure the use of reserved forest lands?
A) By bribing local officials
B) By negotiating with tribal elders
C) By signing government contracts
D) By filing land ownership petitions
  • 96. Which group played a significant role in the early education of Northeastern tribes?
A) Missionaries
B) Foreign corporations
C) Government bureaucrats
D) Local merchant guilds
  • 97. What language was taught at most levels in the Northeastern education system by the early 1980s?
A) Sanskrit
B) Hindi
C) English
D) Assamese
  • 98. Who described the economic alienation of Adivasis as a 'systematic failure' in 2009?
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Manmohan Singh
C) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
D) Indira Gandhi
  • 99. Which area is identified as being affected by Naxalite unrest linked to Adivasi exploitation?
A) The Western Ghats
B) The Red Corridor
C) The Thar Desert
D) The Indo-Gangetic Plain
  • 100. Which group in Manipur has cited the lack of ST status as an economic disadvantage?
A) Meiteis
B) Bodo
C) Gujjar
D) Meena
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