- 1. In what year did Félix Marie Charles Texier discover monumental ruins near Boğazköy?
A) 1834
B) 1833
C) 1858
D) 1861
- 2. Which French archaeologist discovered monumental ruins near Boğazköy?
A) Félix Marie Charles Texier
B) Georges Perrot
C) Ernest Chantre
D) Hugo Winckler
- 3. Which German geographer visited the Boğazköy site in 1858?
A) Carl Humann
B) Waldemar Belck
C) Kurt Bittel
D) Heinrich Barth
- 4. Who excavated at the site and at the nearby site of Yazılıkaya in 1861?
A) Hugo Winckler
B) Georges Perrot
C) Otto Puchstein
D) Félix Marie Charles Texier
- 5. Which German engineer completed a full plan of the site in 1882?
A) Carl Humann
B) Daniel Krencker
C) Heinrich Kohl
D) Ludwig Curtius
- 6. Why were Ernest Chantre's excavations in 1893–94 cut short?
A) Lack of funding
B) The outbreak of WWII
C) A cholera outbreak
D) The outbreak of WWI
- 7. What significant finds did Ernest Chantre discover in 1893–94?
A) Thousands of sealed bullae
B) Fragments of clay tablets inscribed with cuneiform
C) A large metal tablet with chains
D) A Mycenae bronze sword
- 8. Who visited the site several times between 1901 and 1905 and found a number of tablets?
A) Félix Marie Charles Texier
B) Carl Humann
C) Heinrich Barth
D) Waldemar Belck
- 9. On behalf of which society did Hugo Winckler conduct soundings at Boğazköy in 1905?
A) French Archaeological Mission
B) Museum of Anatolian Civilizations
C) German Archaeological Institute
D) German Oriental Society
- 10. At which specific site area did Hugo Winckler find 35 cuneiform tablet fragments in 1905?
A) Sphinx Gate
B) Büyükkale
C) Westbau
D) Büyükkaya
- 11. In what year did Hugo Winckler begin actual excavations focusing mainly on the royal fortress area?
A) 1901
B) 1907
C) 1905
D) 1906
- 12. What event stopped the excavations involving Hugo Winckler and Theodore Makridi?
A) Outbreak of WWI
B) Discovery of the Sphinx Gate
C) Outbreak of WWII
D) A cholera outbreak
- 13. What are the abbreviations of the two series in which tablets from Winckler's excavations were published?
A) KBO and KUB
B) KBZ and KUA
C) BOG and HAT
D) TUR and CUN
- 14. Who resumed work at the site in 1931 with establishing stratigraphy as the major focus?
A) Kurt Bittel
B) Peter Neve
C) Jürgen Seeher
D) Andreas Schachner
- 15. What event caused the suspension of excavations in 1939 under Kurt Bittel?
A) Outbreak of WWI
B) Outbreak of WWII
C) Political revolution in Turkey
D) A cholera outbreak
- 16. When did Peter Neve become field director of the excavations?
A) 1952
B) 1963
C) 1978
D) 1993
- 17. When did Peter Neve become overall director of the excavations?
A) 1986
B) 1993
C) 1978
D) 1963
- 18. What was the main focus area of the excavations under Peter Neve?
A) Upper City area
B) Sphinx Gate
C) Royal fortress area
D) Büyükkaya and non-monumental areas
- 19. Who assumed control of the excavation in 1994?
A) Kurt Bittel
B) Andreas Schachner
C) Peter Neve
D) Jürgen Seeher
- 20. What was the focus of the excavations under Jürgen Seeher from 1994 to 2005?
A) Büyükkaya and non-monumental areas
B) Royal fortress area
C) Upper City area
D) Yazılıkaya sanctuary
- 21. Who became the new director of archaeology at Hattusa from 2006 on?
A) Kurt Bittel
B) Andreas Schachner
C) Jürgen Seeher
D) Peter Neve
- 22. What has been the primary focus of activities at Hattusa since 2006?
A) Restoration and preparation for tourist operations
B) Establishing new stratigraphy
C) Discovering new cuneiform tablets
D) Excavating the royal fortress
- 23. In what year was the large inscribed metal tablet discovered near the Sphinx Gate?
A) 1994
B) 1986
C) 1834
D) 1991
- 24. How far west of the Sphinx Gate was the metal tablet discovered in 1986?
A) 35 centimeters
B) 3400 meters
C) 35 meters
D) 1833 meters
- 25. What are the dimensions and weight of the metal tablet discovered in 1986?
A) 50 × 40 cm, 10 kg
B) 35 × 24 cm, 15 kg
C) 20 × 15 cm, 2 kg
D) 35 × 24 cm, 5 kg
- 26. Which king was a party to the treaty inscribed on the 1986 metal tablet?
A) Duthaliya the Great King
B) Kurunta
C) Tudḫaliya IV
D) Hugo Winckler
- 27. Who was Kurunta, the co-signer of the treaty on the 1986 metal tablet?
A) King of Hattusa
B) King of Assuwa-Country
C) King of Tarḫuntašša
D) Storm-God
- 28. Where is the 1986 metal tablet currently held?
A) German Archaeological Institute
B) Boğazköy local museum
C) Louvre Museum
D) Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara
- 29. When was the Mycenae bronze sword found on the western slope during repair work?
A) 1991
B) 2006
C) 1994
D) 1986
- 30. In which language was the Mycenae bronze sword inscribed?
A) Hittite
B) Assyrian
C) French
D) Akkadian
- 31. According to the sword's inscription, to whom did Duthaliya the Great King dedicate the swords?
A) Kurunta
B) The Storm-God
C) Félix Marie Charles Texier
D) Heinrich Barth
- 32. Which country was defeated by Duthaliya the Great King according to the bronze sword inscription?
A) Assuwa-Country
B) Tarḫuntašša
C) Ankara
D) Boğazköy
- 33. What significant find was made in the 'Westbau' building during the 1990-91 excavation season?
A) 3400 sealed bullae and clay lumps
B) A large metal tablet with chains
C) Thousands of unreadable Hittite tablets
D) A Mycenae bronze sword
- 34. To what century do the sealed bullae and clay lumps found in the 'Westbau' building date?
A) 1st half of the 14th century BC
B) 19th century AD
C) 2nd half of the 13th century BC
D) 1st millennium BC
- 35. What were the 3400 sealed bullae and clay lumps primarily associated with?
A) Royal treaties
B) Religious rituals
C) Land documents
D) Military campaigns
- 36. During which historical period was Hattusa the capital?
A) 12th century AD
B) Late Bronze Age
C) Chalcolithic period
D) 19th century BC
- 37. Near which modern settlement are the ruins of Hattusa located?
A) Sapinuwa, Turkey
B) Kültepe, Turkey
C) Tarhuntassa, Turkey
D) Boğazkale, Turkey
- 38. Which river forms a great loop near the ruins of Hattusa?
A) Euphrates River
B) Kızılırmak River
C) Marashantiya River
D) Halys River
- 39. What people established a settlement on the site toward the end of the 3rd millennium BC?
A) Assyrians
B) Hittites
C) Hattian people
D) Kaskians
- 40. What did merchants from Assyria establish in the lower city of Hattusa in the 19th and 18th centuries BC?
A) A massive wall
B) A trading post
C) A cremation cemetery
D) A royal palace
- 41. Where was the center of the Assyrian merchants who traded at Hattusa?
A) Kussara
B) Tarhuntassa
C) Sapinuwa
D) Kanesh
- 42. Which Hittite king moved the capital from Neša to Hattusa around 1650 BC?
A) Anitta
B) Tudhaliya I
C) Suppiluliuma I
D) Labarna
- 43. What name did Labarna take after moving the capital to Hattusa?
A) Mursili
B) Muwatalli
C) Anittas
D) Hattusili
- 44. To which city did the Hittites temporarily move the capital north under King Tudhaliya I due to Kaskian attacks?
A) Tarhuntassa
B) Sapinuwa
C) Kanesh
D) Kussara
- 45. To which southern city did Muwatalli II move the capital?
A) Sapinuwa
B) Büyükkale
C) Neša
D) Tarhuntassa
- 46. Who was assigned as governor over Hattusa by Muwatalli II?
A) Mursili III
B) Hattusili III
C) Tudhaliya I
D) Suppiluliuma I
- 47. Which Hittite ruler returned the seat of government to Hattusa in the mid-13th century BC?
A) Labarna
B) Mursili III
C) Muwatalli II
D) Anitta
- 48. What was the total peak area covered by the city of Hattusa?
A) 0.8 km2
B) 1.8 km2
C) 6.0 km2
D) 1.0 km2
- 49. During whose reign were the massive walls of Hattusa erected?
A) Mursili III
B) Suppiluliuma I
C) Labarna
D) Anitta
- 50. What was the area of the inner city of Hattusa?
A) 0.8 km2
B) 1.8 km2
C) 3.0 km2
D) 1.0 km2
- 51. How many temples were located in the outer city?
A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five
- 52. What type of burials are mostly found in the cemeteries outside the walls of Hattusa?
A) Mummified burials
B) Shaft burials
C) Catacomb burials
D) Cremation burials
- 53. What was the modern estimated population of Hattusa at its peak?
A) 50,000
B) 10,000
C) 1,000
D) 100,000
- 54. What environmental factor has been suggested as occurring at the time of the city's disintegration?
A) A volcanic eruption
B) A prolonged ice age
C) A regional drought
D) A massive flood
- 55. Which Egyptian leader was involved in the peace settlement with the Hittites after the Battle of Kadesh?
A) Ramesses II
B) Tutankhamun
C) Akhenaten
D) Ramsesses I
- 56. At which Anatolian center is Maşat Höyük located?
A) Sapinuwa
B) Bogazköy
C) Tabigga
D) Hattusa
- 57. Where were the pair of sphinxes originally found in Hattusa?
A) At the northern gate
B) In the royal archives
C) At the southern gate
D) At the karum
- 58. When were the sphinxes taken to Germany for restoration?
A) 1924
B) 2011
C) 1934
D) 1917
- 59. When was the better-preserved sphinx returned to Turkey?
A) 2011
B) 1924
C) 1917
D) 1934
- 60. When was the sphinx from the Pergamon Museum moved to the Boğazköy Museum?
A) 1924
B) 2011
C) 1917
D) 1934
- 61. Where is the Boğazköy Museum located?
A) Next to the United Nations
B) Inside the Pergamon Museum
C) Outside the Hattusa ruins
D) In Istanbul
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