- 1. In what year did Félix Marie Charles Texier discover monumental ruins near Boğazköy?
A) 1833
B) 1858
C) 1861
D) 1834
- 2. Which French archaeologist discovered monumental ruins near Boğazköy?
A) Georges Perrot
B) Hugo Winckler
C) Félix Marie Charles Texier
D) Ernest Chantre
- 3. Which German geographer visited the Boğazköy site in 1858?
A) Waldemar Belck
B) Heinrich Barth
C) Carl Humann
D) Kurt Bittel
- 4. Who excavated at the site and at the nearby site of Yazılıkaya in 1861?
A) Hugo Winckler
B) Otto Puchstein
C) Félix Marie Charles Texier
D) Georges Perrot
- 5. Which German engineer completed a full plan of the site in 1882?
A) Heinrich Kohl
B) Ludwig Curtius
C) Daniel Krencker
D) Carl Humann
- 6. Why were Ernest Chantre's excavations in 1893–94 cut short?
A) Lack of funding
B) A cholera outbreak
C) The outbreak of WWI
D) The outbreak of WWII
- 7. What significant finds did Ernest Chantre discover in 1893–94?
A) A Mycenae bronze sword
B) Fragments of clay tablets inscribed with cuneiform
C) Thousands of sealed bullae
D) A large metal tablet with chains
- 8. Who visited the site several times between 1901 and 1905 and found a number of tablets?
A) Heinrich Barth
B) Félix Marie Charles Texier
C) Waldemar Belck
D) Carl Humann
- 9. On behalf of which society did Hugo Winckler conduct soundings at Boğazköy in 1905?
A) French Archaeological Mission
B) German Archaeological Institute
C) Museum of Anatolian Civilizations
D) German Oriental Society
- 10. At which specific site area did Hugo Winckler find 35 cuneiform tablet fragments in 1905?
A) Westbau
B) Büyükkaya
C) Sphinx Gate
D) Büyükkale
- 11. In what year did Hugo Winckler begin actual excavations focusing mainly on the royal fortress area?
A) 1906
B) 1905
C) 1907
D) 1901
- 12. What event stopped the excavations involving Hugo Winckler and Theodore Makridi?
A) Outbreak of WWII
B) Discovery of the Sphinx Gate
C) Outbreak of WWI
D) A cholera outbreak
- 13. What are the abbreviations of the two series in which tablets from Winckler's excavations were published?
A) TUR and CUN
B) KBZ and KUA
C) KBO and KUB
D) BOG and HAT
- 14. Who resumed work at the site in 1931 with establishing stratigraphy as the major focus?
A) Kurt Bittel
B) Peter Neve
C) Andreas Schachner
D) Jürgen Seeher
- 15. What event caused the suspension of excavations in 1939 under Kurt Bittel?
A) Outbreak of WWII
B) Outbreak of WWI
C) A cholera outbreak
D) Political revolution in Turkey
- 16. When did Peter Neve become field director of the excavations?
A) 1963
B) 1978
C) 1952
D) 1993
- 17. When did Peter Neve become overall director of the excavations?
A) 1986
B) 1963
C) 1993
D) 1978
- 18. What was the main focus area of the excavations under Peter Neve?
A) Sphinx Gate
B) Büyükkaya and non-monumental areas
C) Royal fortress area
D) Upper City area
- 19. Who assumed control of the excavation in 1994?
A) Andreas Schachner
B) Peter Neve
C) Kurt Bittel
D) Jürgen Seeher
- 20. What was the focus of the excavations under Jürgen Seeher from 1994 to 2005?
A) Upper City area
B) Royal fortress area
C) Yazılıkaya sanctuary
D) Büyükkaya and non-monumental areas
- 21. Who became the new director of archaeology at Hattusa from 2006 on?
A) Peter Neve
B) Jürgen Seeher
C) Andreas Schachner
D) Kurt Bittel
- 22. What has been the primary focus of activities at Hattusa since 2006?
A) Establishing new stratigraphy
B) Restoration and preparation for tourist operations
C) Excavating the royal fortress
D) Discovering new cuneiform tablets
- 23. In what year was the large inscribed metal tablet discovered near the Sphinx Gate?
A) 1986
B) 1991
C) 1834
D) 1994
- 24. How far west of the Sphinx Gate was the metal tablet discovered in 1986?
A) 1833 meters
B) 35 centimeters
C) 35 meters
D) 3400 meters
- 25. What are the dimensions and weight of the metal tablet discovered in 1986?
A) 35 × 24 cm, 15 kg
B) 50 × 40 cm, 10 kg
C) 20 × 15 cm, 2 kg
D) 35 × 24 cm, 5 kg
- 26. Which king was a party to the treaty inscribed on the 1986 metal tablet?
A) Kurunta
B) Duthaliya the Great King
C) Tudḫaliya IV
D) Hugo Winckler
- 27. Who was Kurunta, the co-signer of the treaty on the 1986 metal tablet?
A) Storm-God
B) King of Assuwa-Country
C) King of Tarḫuntašša
D) King of Hattusa
- 28. Where is the 1986 metal tablet currently held?
A) German Archaeological Institute
B) Boğazköy local museum
C) Louvre Museum
D) Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara
- 29. When was the Mycenae bronze sword found on the western slope during repair work?
A) 1994
B) 1991
C) 1986
D) 2006
- 30. In which language was the Mycenae bronze sword inscribed?
A) French
B) Assyrian
C) Hittite
D) Akkadian
- 31. According to the sword's inscription, to whom did Duthaliya the Great King dedicate the swords?
A) Heinrich Barth
B) Félix Marie Charles Texier
C) The Storm-God
D) Kurunta
- 32. Which country was defeated by Duthaliya the Great King according to the bronze sword inscription?
A) Ankara
B) Boğazköy
C) Tarḫuntašša
D) Assuwa-Country
- 33. What significant find was made in the 'Westbau' building during the 1990-91 excavation season?
A) Thousands of unreadable Hittite tablets
B) 3400 sealed bullae and clay lumps
C) A large metal tablet with chains
D) A Mycenae bronze sword
- 34. To what century do the sealed bullae and clay lumps found in the 'Westbau' building date?
A) 2nd half of the 13th century BC
B) 1st millennium BC
C) 1st half of the 14th century BC
D) 19th century AD
- 35. What were the 3400 sealed bullae and clay lumps primarily associated with?
A) Religious rituals
B) Military campaigns
C) Land documents
D) Royal treaties
- 36. During which historical period was Hattusa the capital?
A) Late Bronze Age
B) 19th century BC
C) Chalcolithic period
D) 12th century AD
- 37. Near which modern settlement are the ruins of Hattusa located?
A) Kültepe, Turkey
B) Sapinuwa, Turkey
C) Boğazkale, Turkey
D) Tarhuntassa, Turkey
- 38. Which river forms a great loop near the ruins of Hattusa?
A) Euphrates River
B) Kızılırmak River
C) Halys River
D) Marashantiya River
- 39. What people established a settlement on the site toward the end of the 3rd millennium BC?
A) Assyrians
B) Hattian people
C) Kaskians
D) Hittites
- 40. What did merchants from Assyria establish in the lower city of Hattusa in the 19th and 18th centuries BC?
A) A royal palace
B) A cremation cemetery
C) A trading post
D) A massive wall
- 41. Where was the center of the Assyrian merchants who traded at Hattusa?
A) Kussara
B) Kanesh
C) Sapinuwa
D) Tarhuntassa
- 42. Which Hittite king moved the capital from Neša to Hattusa around 1650 BC?
A) Anitta
B) Tudhaliya I
C) Labarna
D) Suppiluliuma I
- 43. What name did Labarna take after moving the capital to Hattusa?
A) Muwatalli
B) Anittas
C) Mursili
D) Hattusili
- 44. To which city did the Hittites temporarily move the capital north under King Tudhaliya I due to Kaskian attacks?
A) Kussara
B) Sapinuwa
C) Tarhuntassa
D) Kanesh
- 45. To which southern city did Muwatalli II move the capital?
A) Tarhuntassa
B) Büyükkale
C) Neša
D) Sapinuwa
- 46. Who was assigned as governor over Hattusa by Muwatalli II?
A) Mursili III
B) Suppiluliuma I
C) Hattusili III
D) Tudhaliya I
- 47. Which Hittite ruler returned the seat of government to Hattusa in the mid-13th century BC?
A) Mursili III
B) Labarna
C) Muwatalli II
D) Anitta
- 48. What was the total peak area covered by the city of Hattusa?
A) 1.0 km2
B) 6.0 km2
C) 0.8 km2
D) 1.8 km2
- 49. During whose reign were the massive walls of Hattusa erected?
A) Anitta
B) Mursili III
C) Suppiluliuma I
D) Labarna
- 50. What was the area of the inner city of Hattusa?
A) 1.0 km2
B) 0.8 km2
C) 3.0 km2
D) 1.8 km2
- 51. How many temples were located in the outer city?
A) Four
B) Five
C) Three
D) Two
- 52. What type of burials are mostly found in the cemeteries outside the walls of Hattusa?
A) Shaft burials
B) Catacomb burials
C) Cremation burials
D) Mummified burials
- 53. What was the modern estimated population of Hattusa at its peak?
A) 100,000
B) 10,000
C) 1,000
D) 50,000
- 54. What environmental factor has been suggested as occurring at the time of the city's disintegration?
A) A regional drought
B) A volcanic eruption
C) A prolonged ice age
D) A massive flood
- 55. Which Egyptian leader was involved in the peace settlement with the Hittites after the Battle of Kadesh?
A) Ramesses II
B) Akhenaten
C) Tutankhamun
D) Ramsesses I
- 56. At which Anatolian center is Maşat Höyük located?
A) Hattusa
B) Tabigga
C) Bogazköy
D) Sapinuwa
- 57. Where were the pair of sphinxes originally found in Hattusa?
A) At the southern gate
B) At the northern gate
C) In the royal archives
D) At the karum
- 58. When were the sphinxes taken to Germany for restoration?
A) 2011
B) 1917
C) 1924
D) 1934
- 59. When was the better-preserved sphinx returned to Turkey?
A) 2011
B) 1934
C) 1924
D) 1917
- 60. When was the sphinx from the Pergamon Museum moved to the Boğazköy Museum?
A) 1934
B) 1924
C) 2011
D) 1917
- 61. Where is the Boğazköy Museum located?
A) In Istanbul
B) Outside the Hattusa ruins
C) Inside the Pergamon Museum
D) Next to the United Nations
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