Adivasi - Test
Adivasi
  • 1. What was the traditional economy of most tribes according to the text?
A) Subsistence agriculture or hunting and gathering
B) Import and export trade services
C) Tourism and hospitality management
D) Large-scale industrial manufacturing
  • 2. Which items were historically traded by tribes with outsiders?
A) Electronic goods and technology
B) Gold and precious stones
C) Salt and iron
D) Advanced agricultural machinery
  • 3. What happened to tribal land ownership around 1900 under the British government?
A) Migrants received free land for cultivation
B) Tribes were forced into urban migration
C) Land was turned into protected national parks
D) The government granted all land back to the tribes
  • 4. How did Adivasi traditionally view land?
A) As a strictly inherited private asset
B) As a commodity to be sold for profit
C) As a common resource for whoever needed it
D) As land belonging exclusively to the state
  • 5. Why did many Adivasis lose the opportunity to claim their lands?
A) They did not prioritize obtaining formal land titles
B) They were prohibited from farming their own land
C) The government seized all land by force
D) They moved away to find better jobs
  • 6. What is a loophole that allowed non-Adivasi to gain access to tribal land?
A) Government employment quotas
B) Marriage alliances
C) Land leases
D) Educational scholarships
  • 7. What characterized the 1970s in relation to Adivasi land?
A) Intense land pressure
B) A surge in tribal land ownership
C) Decreased interest in tribal territories
D) Government-mandated restoration of land
  • 8. How did many Adivasis lose their land titles in the 1970s?
A) Voluntary donation to the state
B) Exchange for modern technology
C) Loss through environmental disasters
D) Debt, bribery, or leases
  • 9. What did some non-Adivasis do to gain competitive advantages over established tribes?
A) Marry into tribal families
B) Lobby to be classified as tribal
C) Convert to tribal religions
D) Build schools and hospitals for tribes
  • 10. What often happens when the government attempts to evict illegal non-tribal occupiers?
A) It is highly efficient and swift
B) It restores land directly to tribal elders
C) It results in complete removal of all outsiders
D) It proceeds slowly and often targets poor lower castes
  • 11. What has been a permanent feature of many tribal villages since the 1960s and 1970s?
A) Large-scale industrial factories
B) State-run universities
C) Government administrative centers
D) Resident non-tribal shopkeepers
  • 12. What are examples of cash crops mentioned in the text?
A) Cotton or castor-oil plants
B) Oranges and bananas
C) Tea and coffee
D) Wheat and rice
  • 13. What is an extreme consequence of the widespread indebtedness of Adivasis?
A) Government intervention to pay off all debts
B) Forced enrollment in vocational schools
C) Traders selling debtors to other merchants
D) Full cancellation of tribal debts
  • 14. Why are tribes in the Himalayan foothills less pressured by non-tribal intrusion?
A) Historically distinct political status and isolation
B) Extreme poverty in the region
C) Severe climate conditions
D) Lack of natural resources
  • 15. What was the 'Inner Line' policy?
A) A policy requiring special permission for non-Adivasi to enter
B) A ban on all agricultural activities
C) A strategy to mine the Himalayan foothills
D) A trade agreement between tribes and the British
  • 16. Why do post-colonial governments protect the Himalayan tribes?
A) As a strategy to secure the border with China
B) To preserve ancient tribal languages
C) Due to international humanitarian pressure
D) To promote tourism in the region
  • 17. Who was one of the Adivasis involved in the Indian independence movement?
A) Rani of Jhansi
B) Tatya Tope
C) Birsa Munda
D) Ramji Gond
  • 18. Which rebellion occurred between 1774 and 1779?
A) Bhumij rebellion
B) Santhal rebellion
C) Kol rebellion
D) Halba rebellion
  • 19. How many linguistic groupings are tribal languages categorized into?
A) Three
B) Five
C) Ten
D) Seven
  • 20. Approximately how many tribal groups are there in India?
A) More than 700
B) Over 2000
C) Exactly 500
D) Less than 100
  • 21. In how many languages is Adivasi literature composed?
A) Exactly 50
B) Exactly 500
C) Less than 20
D) More than 100
  • 22. Who started the Bhil rebellion in Banswara in 1858?
A) Tatya Tope
B) Ramji Gond
C) Birsa Munda
D) Laxman Naik
  • 23. Which of the following is listed as a linguistic grouping for tribal languages?
A) Slavic
B) Semitic
C) Austro-Asiatic
D) Romance
  • 24. When did the Santhal rebellion take place?
A) 1856–57
B) 1817
C) 1776
D) 1910
  • 25. Who is a prominent tribal writer mentioned in the text?
A) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
B) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
C) Rabindranath Tagore
D) Temsula Ao
  • 26. In which district did the Rampa Rebellion of 1922–1924 take place?
A) Adilabad
B) Khurda
C) Banswara
D) Visakhapatnam district
  • 27. The Chuar rebellion took place in which region?
A) Bengal
B) Banswara
C) Odisha
D) Adilabad
  • 28. Which rebellion occurred in 1910?
A) Maria rebellion
B) Bhumkal
C) Kol rebellion
D) Koli revolt
  • 29. Who started the Gond rebellion in Adilabad in 1860?
A) Jantya Bhil
B) Laxman Naik
C) Ramji Gond
D) Bangaru Devi
  • 30. Which of these is a linguistic category for tribal languages?
A) Arabic
B) Greek
C) Latin
D) Sino-Tibetan
  • 31. Who composed the Ramayana and is acknowledged for having Adivasi origins?
A) Bada Meena
B) Bharmal
C) A Gond Raja
D) Valmiki
  • 32. What percentage of India's population do Scheduled Tribes constitute?
A) 26.2%
B) 8.6%
C) 90%
D) 1.1%
  • 33. How are tribal communities designated in Bangladesh?
A) Ethnic minority
B) Nomadic tribes
C) Animist groups
D) Scheduled Tribes
  • 34. Which language group is found in northern Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand?
A) Dravidian
B) Munda
C) Indo-Aryan
D) Tibeto-Burman
  • 35. Which tribe is an example of an Indo-Aryan speaking tribe in the western region?
A) Santals
B) Bhils
C) Hos
D) Gonds
  • 36. What language family dominates the central tribal region covering parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha?
A) Dravidian
B) Sarnaist
C) Indo-Aryan
D) Tibeto-Burman
  • 37. What is the primary religion followed by Adivasi in Jharkhand?
A) Sarnaism
B) Buddhism
C) Christianity
D) Hinduism
  • 38. What religion do the Chakma and Marma people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts follow?
A) Hinduism
B) Buddhism
C) Christianity
D) Animism
  • 39. What is the main occupation of the Adivasis in Assam?
A) Mining
B) Nomadic herding
C) Tea workers
D) Rice farming
  • 40. What percentage of the total tribal population lives in the tribal belt stretching from Gujarat to West Bengal?
A) Roughly 75%
B) Around 10%
C) Around 20%
D) More than 90%
  • 41. Which group near Bellary, Karnataka, is a large concentration of tribal people?
A) Khasi
B) Gonds
C) Boyas/Valmikis
D) Santals
  • 42. In Bangladesh, which Adivasi group follows Christianity?
A) Chakma
B) Tripuri
C) Marma
D) Khasi
  • 43. What does the term Adivasi literally mean?
A) Forest dweller
B) Ancient ruler
C) Mountain people
D) Beginning inhabitant
  • 44. Which of the following is an alternative term for Adivasi that means 'forest dwellers'?
A) Dalit
B) Dravidian
C) Janjati
D) Vanavāsi
  • 45. In which country are Adivasi officially recognized as 'Ethnic minorities'?
A) Nepal
B) Pakistan
C) Bangladesh
D) Sri Lanka
  • 46. Who chaired the Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India?
A) Jaipal Singh Munda
B) Gandhi
C) Ambedkar
D) Thakkar Bapa
  • 47. Which article of the Indian Constitution defines Scheduled Tribes?
A) Article 107
B) Article 342
C) Article 366 (25)
D) Article 169
  • 48. Which group of people in Sri Lanka are referred to as Adivasi?
A) Dravidians
B) Vedda
C) Indo-Aryans
D) Tea-tribes
  • 49. Which international convention did India refuse to sign, despite having ratified its predecessor?
A) ILO Convention 169
B) ILO Convention 107
C) UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
D) The 1950 Constitutional Accord
  • 50. Where was the term Adivasi initially popularized?
A) Jharkhand
B) North East India
C) Kerala
D) West Bengal
  • 51. Which language family provided ancestry to Adivasi communities?
A) Arabic
B) Austroasiatic
C) Greek
D) Latin
  • 52. Who were the individuals designated by the British to hold legal property rights to land?
A) British military generals
B) Adivasi elders
C) Foreign investors only
D) Zamindars
  • 53. In what year was the colonial presence established on the Andaman Islands?
A) 1832
B) 1947
C) 1789
D) 1857
  • 54. Which rebellion occurred between 1855 and 1856?
A) The Great Kol Uprising
B) Bhumij rebellion
C) Munda independence war
D) Santal hul
  • 55. What kind of migration did economic deprivation trigger among some adivasis?
A) Return migration to their ancestral lands
B) Internal migrations within India
C) Mass migration to the Americas
D) Permanent migration to Europe
  • 56. Which governing body suppressed Adivasi revolts after 1858?
A) The Indian National Congress
B) The British government
C) The local tribal rajas
D) The East India Company
  • 57. How did the adivasi rajas generally view British administrative innovations?
A) Enthusiastically
B) Positively
C) Indifferently
D) Negatively
  • 58. In the 1891 Census of India, how were Adivasi people described?
A) Hill and forest tribe
B) Primitive tribe
C) Tribal animist
D) Forest tribe
  • 59. Which term was used to describe Adivasi in the 1901 Census of India?
A) Tribes
B) Forest tribe
C) Animist
D) Primitive tribe
  • 60. Where are Adivasi people who follow Islam primarily located?
A) Lakshadweep
B) Jharkhand
C) Odisha
D) Madhya Pradesh
  • 61. What is the etymological origin of the word 'animism'?
A) Sanskrit
B) Latin
C) Greek
D) Persian
  • 62. According to the text, what is the core belief of animism?
A) Reincarnation of the soul
B) Non-human entities possess a spiritual essence
C) Worship of Indo-European deities
D) Monistic Vedic worship
  • 63. In what year were Adivasi recorded as 'tribes' in the census?
A) 1941
B) 1921
C) 1911
D) 1931
  • 64. How does the text describe the term 'animism' in an anthropological context?
A) A word used by indigenous people
B) An anthropological construct
C) A formal name for a religion
D) A synonym for Hinduism
  • 65. When are Adivasi in Lakshadweep believed to have embraced Islam?
A) 14th century
B) British period
C) 19th century
D) Post-independence
  • 66. What does the name 'Donyi-Polo' mean?
A) Sacred grove
B) Holy woods
C) Sun-Moon
D) Spirit worship
  • 67. Where are the followers of Donyi-Polo primarily located?
A) Arunachal Pradesh
B) Nicobar Islands
C) Central-East India
D) Nilgiri hills
  • 68. How is the Sarna religion passed down through generations?
A) Oral traditions
B) Formal schooling
C) Written scriptures
D) Digital archives
  • 69. What does the word 'Sarna' mean in the context of the religion?
A) Witch doctor
B) Sun deity
C) Holy animal
D) Sacred grove
  • 70. Where do the Nayaka people live?
A) Arunachal Pradesh
B) Central-East India
C) Nicobar Islands
D) Nilgiri hills
  • 71. Which plant is considered sacred according to the text regarding Adivasi influences on Hinduism?
A) Rose
B) Tulsi
C) Cactus
D) Sunflower
  • 72. Which animal is mentioned as potentially having had totemic importance in Adivasi tribes?
A) Lion
B) Cobra
C) Eagle
D) Tiger
  • 73. Which tree is listed as having sacred status possibly derived from Adivasi culture?
A) Neem
B) Maple
C) Oak
D) Pine
  • 74. What term describes the Nayaka people's lifestyle?
A) Urban dwellers
B) Sedentary farmers
C) Hunter gatherer
D) Nomadic traders
  • 75. Which movement was founded by Sant Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma?
A) Brahma Dharma
B) The Kallar Reform Movement
C) Vedic Ritualism
D) Shaivism
  • 76. Who was the 'Nagam Guru' of the Santal tribes in the 14th century?
A) Sant Kalu Dev
B) Sant Kubera
C) Maharshi Matanga
D) Kalean Guru (Kalean Murmu)
  • 77. What did Bhakta Shabari offer to Shri Rama and Shri Laxmana?
A) Half-eaten ber fruit
B) Swine flesh
C) Dried lotus flowers
D) Water from a stream
  • 78. To which community did Sant Kalu Dev belong?
A) Kallar
B) Bodo
C) Santal
D) Nishadha
  • 79. Who was the guru of Bhakta Shabari?
A) Sant Kubera
B) Maharshi Matanga
C) Sant Dhira
D) Guru Brahma
  • 80. Which temple allows Badu (tribal) priests to bathe and adorn the deity?
A) Brahma Dharma Temple
B) Lingaraja Temple
C) Indraprastha Temple
D) Karppillikkavu Sree Mahadeva Temple
  • 81. What was the occupation of the avatar Kaladutaka (Vaikunthanatha)?
A) Kallar (robber)
B) Temple priest
C) Fisherman
D) Hunter
  • 82. How many followers did Sant Kubera have in his time?
A) 5,000
B) 10,000
C) 100,000
D) 20,000
  • 83. Which sant composed the six Vedangas in beautiful Tamil verse?
A) Sant Dhudhalinath
B) Sant Tirumangai Alvar
C) Sant Kubera
D) Sant Kalu Dev
  • 84. How did the British government perceive Adivasi society compared to caste society?
A) Technologically superior
B) More civilised
C) Less civilised
D) Equally civilised
  • 85. What existed between some Gond and Rajput Rajas prior to the British Raj?
A) Commercial trade agreements
B) Constant warfare
C) Matrimonial relations
D) Joint military alliances
  • 86. How many delegates cast their vote for 'Sari Dhorom' as the religion code at the 2011 conference?
A) 51
B) 3
C) 14
D) 632
  • 87. What was the total number of delegates present at the All India Adivasi Conference in 2011?
A) 750
B) 632
C) 1000
D) 500
  • 88. What is the literacy rate for Scheduled Tribes recorded in 1999–2000?
A) 8.5%
B) 59%
C) 29.6%
D) 40%
  • 89. Where is the Adivasi Academy located?
A) Asansol, West Bengal
B) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
C) Kohima, Nagaland
D) Tejgadh, Gujarat
  • 90. When was the Adivasi Academy for teaching and preserving languages established?
A) 1961
B) 1991
C) 1999
D) 2011
  • 91. Which agrarian tribe is specifically mentioned as being reluctant to send their children to school?
A) Mizos
B) Nagas
C) Gonds
D) Khasis
  • 92. What is the trend of tribal student dropout rates during school education?
A) Moderate
B) Non-existent
C) Very low
D) Very high
  • 93. What is the literacy rate for tribal males in 1999–2000?
A) 59%
B) 37%
C) 40.6%
D) 13.8%
  • 94. Which campaign in central India were Adivasis victims of due to the Naxalite insurgency?
A) Green Revolution
B) Forest Protection Drive
C) Tribal Upliftment Scheme
D) Salwa Judum
  • 95. How did non-Adivasis often secure the use of reserved forest lands?
A) By signing government contracts
B) By bribing local officials
C) By negotiating with tribal elders
D) By filing land ownership petitions
  • 96. Which group played a significant role in the early education of Northeastern tribes?
A) Missionaries
B) Local merchant guilds
C) Government bureaucrats
D) Foreign corporations
  • 97. What language was taught at most levels in the Northeastern education system by the early 1980s?
A) Hindi
B) Assamese
C) Sanskrit
D) English
  • 98. Who described the economic alienation of Adivasis as a 'systematic failure' in 2009?
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Indira Gandhi
C) Manmohan Singh
D) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
  • 99. Which area is identified as being affected by Naxalite unrest linked to Adivasi exploitation?
A) The Thar Desert
B) The Indo-Gangetic Plain
C) The Red Corridor
D) The Western Ghats
  • 100. Which group in Manipur has cited the lack of ST status as an economic disadvantage?
A) Bodo
B) Gujjar
C) Meena
D) Meiteis
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