- 1. In what year did Félix Marie Charles Texier discover monumental ruins near Boğazköy?
A) 1861
B) 1833
C) 1834
D) 1858
- 2. Which French archaeologist discovered monumental ruins near Boğazköy?
A) Georges Perrot
B) Hugo Winckler
C) Ernest Chantre
D) Félix Marie Charles Texier
- 3. Which German geographer visited the Boğazköy site in 1858?
A) Heinrich Barth
B) Kurt Bittel
C) Waldemar Belck
D) Carl Humann
- 4. Who excavated at the site and at the nearby site of Yazılıkaya in 1861?
A) Hugo Winckler
B) Félix Marie Charles Texier
C) Georges Perrot
D) Otto Puchstein
- 5. Which German engineer completed a full plan of the site in 1882?
A) Daniel Krencker
B) Ludwig Curtius
C) Carl Humann
D) Heinrich Kohl
- 6. Why were Ernest Chantre's excavations in 1893–94 cut short?
A) The outbreak of WWI
B) Lack of funding
C) The outbreak of WWII
D) A cholera outbreak
- 7. What significant finds did Ernest Chantre discover in 1893–94?
A) Thousands of sealed bullae
B) A large metal tablet with chains
C) Fragments of clay tablets inscribed with cuneiform
D) A Mycenae bronze sword
- 8. Who visited the site several times between 1901 and 1905 and found a number of tablets?
A) Waldemar Belck
B) Heinrich Barth
C) Félix Marie Charles Texier
D) Carl Humann
- 9. On behalf of which society did Hugo Winckler conduct soundings at Boğazköy in 1905?
A) German Archaeological Institute
B) Museum of Anatolian Civilizations
C) German Oriental Society
D) French Archaeological Mission
- 10. At which specific site area did Hugo Winckler find 35 cuneiform tablet fragments in 1905?
A) Westbau
B) Sphinx Gate
C) Büyükkaya
D) Büyükkale
- 11. In what year did Hugo Winckler begin actual excavations focusing mainly on the royal fortress area?
A) 1907
B) 1905
C) 1901
D) 1906
- 12. What event stopped the excavations involving Hugo Winckler and Theodore Makridi?
A) A cholera outbreak
B) Discovery of the Sphinx Gate
C) Outbreak of WWI
D) Outbreak of WWII
- 13. What are the abbreviations of the two series in which tablets from Winckler's excavations were published?
A) TUR and CUN
B) KBO and KUB
C) KBZ and KUA
D) BOG and HAT
- 14. Who resumed work at the site in 1931 with establishing stratigraphy as the major focus?
A) Kurt Bittel
B) Peter Neve
C) Jürgen Seeher
D) Andreas Schachner
- 15. What event caused the suspension of excavations in 1939 under Kurt Bittel?
A) Outbreak of WWII
B) A cholera outbreak
C) Political revolution in Turkey
D) Outbreak of WWI
- 16. When did Peter Neve become field director of the excavations?
A) 1993
B) 1978
C) 1952
D) 1963
- 17. When did Peter Neve become overall director of the excavations?
A) 1963
B) 1978
C) 1993
D) 1986
- 18. What was the main focus area of the excavations under Peter Neve?
A) Upper City area
B) Royal fortress area
C) Büyükkaya and non-monumental areas
D) Sphinx Gate
- 19. Who assumed control of the excavation in 1994?
A) Jürgen Seeher
B) Peter Neve
C) Kurt Bittel
D) Andreas Schachner
- 20. What was the focus of the excavations under Jürgen Seeher from 1994 to 2005?
A) Büyükkaya and non-monumental areas
B) Yazılıkaya sanctuary
C) Upper City area
D) Royal fortress area
- 21. Who became the new director of archaeology at Hattusa from 2006 on?
A) Peter Neve
B) Kurt Bittel
C) Andreas Schachner
D) Jürgen Seeher
- 22. What has been the primary focus of activities at Hattusa since 2006?
A) Discovering new cuneiform tablets
B) Establishing new stratigraphy
C) Excavating the royal fortress
D) Restoration and preparation for tourist operations
- 23. In what year was the large inscribed metal tablet discovered near the Sphinx Gate?
A) 1994
B) 1986
C) 1991
D) 1834
- 24. How far west of the Sphinx Gate was the metal tablet discovered in 1986?
A) 3400 meters
B) 35 meters
C) 1833 meters
D) 35 centimeters
- 25. What are the dimensions and weight of the metal tablet discovered in 1986?
A) 50 × 40 cm, 10 kg
B) 35 × 24 cm, 5 kg
C) 20 × 15 cm, 2 kg
D) 35 × 24 cm, 15 kg
- 26. Which king was a party to the treaty inscribed on the 1986 metal tablet?
A) Duthaliya the Great King
B) Tudḫaliya IV
C) Hugo Winckler
D) Kurunta
- 27. Who was Kurunta, the co-signer of the treaty on the 1986 metal tablet?
A) Storm-God
B) King of Assuwa-Country
C) King of Tarḫuntašša
D) King of Hattusa
- 28. Where is the 1986 metal tablet currently held?
A) Boğazköy local museum
B) Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara
C) Louvre Museum
D) German Archaeological Institute
- 29. When was the Mycenae bronze sword found on the western slope during repair work?
A) 1991
B) 1994
C) 2006
D) 1986
- 30. In which language was the Mycenae bronze sword inscribed?
A) Assyrian
B) French
C) Hittite
D) Akkadian
- 31. According to the sword's inscription, to whom did Duthaliya the Great King dedicate the swords?
A) Félix Marie Charles Texier
B) The Storm-God
C) Kurunta
D) Heinrich Barth
- 32. Which country was defeated by Duthaliya the Great King according to the bronze sword inscription?
A) Assuwa-Country
B) Tarḫuntašša
C) Ankara
D) Boğazköy
- 33. What significant find was made in the 'Westbau' building during the 1990-91 excavation season?
A) Thousands of unreadable Hittite tablets
B) 3400 sealed bullae and clay lumps
C) A Mycenae bronze sword
D) A large metal tablet with chains
- 34. To what century do the sealed bullae and clay lumps found in the 'Westbau' building date?
A) 2nd half of the 13th century BC
B) 19th century AD
C) 1st millennium BC
D) 1st half of the 14th century BC
- 35. What were the 3400 sealed bullae and clay lumps primarily associated with?
A) Military campaigns
B) Royal treaties
C) Land documents
D) Religious rituals
- 36. During which historical period was Hattusa the capital?
A) Chalcolithic period
B) 19th century BC
C) Late Bronze Age
D) 12th century AD
- 37. Near which modern settlement are the ruins of Hattusa located?
A) Sapinuwa, Turkey
B) Boğazkale, Turkey
C) Kültepe, Turkey
D) Tarhuntassa, Turkey
- 38. Which river forms a great loop near the ruins of Hattusa?
A) Kızılırmak River
B) Halys River
C) Euphrates River
D) Marashantiya River
- 39. What people established a settlement on the site toward the end of the 3rd millennium BC?
A) Hattian people
B) Kaskians
C) Hittites
D) Assyrians
- 40. What did merchants from Assyria establish in the lower city of Hattusa in the 19th and 18th centuries BC?
A) A royal palace
B) A cremation cemetery
C) A trading post
D) A massive wall
- 41. Where was the center of the Assyrian merchants who traded at Hattusa?
A) Kussara
B) Sapinuwa
C) Kanesh
D) Tarhuntassa
- 42. Which Hittite king moved the capital from Neša to Hattusa around 1650 BC?
A) Tudhaliya I
B) Suppiluliuma I
C) Labarna
D) Anitta
- 43. What name did Labarna take after moving the capital to Hattusa?
A) Muwatalli
B) Mursili
C) Anittas
D) Hattusili
- 44. To which city did the Hittites temporarily move the capital north under King Tudhaliya I due to Kaskian attacks?
A) Sapinuwa
B) Kanesh
C) Kussara
D) Tarhuntassa
- 45. To which southern city did Muwatalli II move the capital?
A) Büyükkale
B) Sapinuwa
C) Tarhuntassa
D) Neša
- 46. Who was assigned as governor over Hattusa by Muwatalli II?
A) Tudhaliya I
B) Hattusili III
C) Mursili III
D) Suppiluliuma I
- 47. Which Hittite ruler returned the seat of government to Hattusa in the mid-13th century BC?
A) Mursili III
B) Muwatalli II
C) Anitta
D) Labarna
- 48. What was the total peak area covered by the city of Hattusa?
A) 6.0 km2
B) 0.8 km2
C) 1.0 km2
D) 1.8 km2
- 49. During whose reign were the massive walls of Hattusa erected?
A) Anitta
B) Suppiluliuma I
C) Mursili III
D) Labarna
- 50. What was the area of the inner city of Hattusa?
A) 3.0 km2
B) 1.8 km2
C) 0.8 km2
D) 1.0 km2
- 51. How many temples were located in the outer city?
A) Five
B) Three
C) Four
D) Two
- 52. What type of burials are mostly found in the cemeteries outside the walls of Hattusa?
A) Catacomb burials
B) Shaft burials
C) Mummified burials
D) Cremation burials
- 53. What was the modern estimated population of Hattusa at its peak?
A) 1,000
B) 50,000
C) 100,000
D) 10,000
- 54. What environmental factor has been suggested as occurring at the time of the city's disintegration?
A) A massive flood
B) A prolonged ice age
C) A regional drought
D) A volcanic eruption
- 55. Which Egyptian leader was involved in the peace settlement with the Hittites after the Battle of Kadesh?
A) Ramesses II
B) Akhenaten
C) Tutankhamun
D) Ramsesses I
- 56. At which Anatolian center is Maşat Höyük located?
A) Bogazköy
B) Sapinuwa
C) Tabigga
D) Hattusa
- 57. Where were the pair of sphinxes originally found in Hattusa?
A) At the karum
B) In the royal archives
C) At the southern gate
D) At the northern gate
- 58. When were the sphinxes taken to Germany for restoration?
A) 1917
B) 2011
C) 1924
D) 1934
- 59. When was the better-preserved sphinx returned to Turkey?
A) 1917
B) 2011
C) 1934
D) 1924
- 60. When was the sphinx from the Pergamon Museum moved to the Boğazköy Museum?
A) 1924
B) 1917
C) 1934
D) 2011
- 61. Where is the Boğazköy Museum located?
A) In Istanbul
B) Outside the Hattusa ruins
C) Inside the Pergamon Museum
D) Next to the United Nations
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