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Adivasi - Test
Opracowany przez: Haynes
  • 1. What was the traditional economy of most tribes according to the text?
A) Import and export trade services
B) Subsistence agriculture or hunting and gathering
C) Large-scale industrial manufacturing
D) Tourism and hospitality management
  • 2. Which items were historically traded by tribes with outsiders?
A) Electronic goods and technology
B) Salt and iron
C) Gold and precious stones
D) Advanced agricultural machinery
  • 3. What happened to tribal land ownership around 1900 under the British government?
A) Migrants received free land for cultivation
B) Land was turned into protected national parks
C) The government granted all land back to the tribes
D) Tribes were forced into urban migration
  • 4. How did Adivasi traditionally view land?
A) As a commodity to be sold for profit
B) As land belonging exclusively to the state
C) As a strictly inherited private asset
D) As a common resource for whoever needed it
  • 5. Why did many Adivasis lose the opportunity to claim their lands?
A) The government seized all land by force
B) They moved away to find better jobs
C) They did not prioritize obtaining formal land titles
D) They were prohibited from farming their own land
  • 6. What is a loophole that allowed non-Adivasi to gain access to tribal land?
A) Government employment quotas
B) Educational scholarships
C) Land leases
D) Marriage alliances
  • 7. What characterized the 1970s in relation to Adivasi land?
A) Government-mandated restoration of land
B) A surge in tribal land ownership
C) Intense land pressure
D) Decreased interest in tribal territories
  • 8. How did many Adivasis lose their land titles in the 1970s?
A) Debt, bribery, or leases
B) Exchange for modern technology
C) Voluntary donation to the state
D) Loss through environmental disasters
  • 9. What did some non-Adivasis do to gain competitive advantages over established tribes?
A) Marry into tribal families
B) Lobby to be classified as tribal
C) Build schools and hospitals for tribes
D) Convert to tribal religions
  • 10. What often happens when the government attempts to evict illegal non-tribal occupiers?
A) It restores land directly to tribal elders
B) It results in complete removal of all outsiders
C) It is highly efficient and swift
D) It proceeds slowly and often targets poor lower castes
  • 11. What has been a permanent feature of many tribal villages since the 1960s and 1970s?
A) Resident non-tribal shopkeepers
B) State-run universities
C) Government administrative centers
D) Large-scale industrial factories
  • 12. What are examples of cash crops mentioned in the text?
A) Wheat and rice
B) Cotton or castor-oil plants
C) Oranges and bananas
D) Tea and coffee
  • 13. What is an extreme consequence of the widespread indebtedness of Adivasis?
A) Full cancellation of tribal debts
B) Forced enrollment in vocational schools
C) Government intervention to pay off all debts
D) Traders selling debtors to other merchants
  • 14. Why are tribes in the Himalayan foothills less pressured by non-tribal intrusion?
A) Lack of natural resources
B) Extreme poverty in the region
C) Severe climate conditions
D) Historically distinct political status and isolation
  • 15. What was the 'Inner Line' policy?
A) A policy requiring special permission for non-Adivasi to enter
B) A strategy to mine the Himalayan foothills
C) A trade agreement between tribes and the British
D) A ban on all agricultural activities
  • 16. Why do post-colonial governments protect the Himalayan tribes?
A) To promote tourism in the region
B) As a strategy to secure the border with China
C) Due to international humanitarian pressure
D) To preserve ancient tribal languages
  • 17. Who was one of the Adivasis involved in the Indian independence movement?
A) Tatya Tope
B) Birsa Munda
C) Rani of Jhansi
D) Ramji Gond
  • 18. Which rebellion occurred between 1774 and 1779?
A) Bhumij rebellion
B) Santhal rebellion
C) Kol rebellion
D) Halba rebellion
  • 19. How many linguistic groupings are tribal languages categorized into?
A) Three
B) Seven
C) Five
D) Ten
  • 20. Approximately how many tribal groups are there in India?
A) More than 700
B) Exactly 500
C) Less than 100
D) Over 2000
  • 21. In how many languages is Adivasi literature composed?
A) Exactly 50
B) More than 100
C) Exactly 500
D) Less than 20
  • 22. Who started the Bhil rebellion in Banswara in 1858?
A) Laxman Naik
B) Ramji Gond
C) Tatya Tope
D) Birsa Munda
  • 23. Which of the following is listed as a linguistic grouping for tribal languages?
A) Austro-Asiatic
B) Romance
C) Semitic
D) Slavic
  • 24. When did the Santhal rebellion take place?
A) 1776
B) 1856–57
C) 1817
D) 1910
  • 25. Who is a prominent tribal writer mentioned in the text?
A) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
B) Temsula Ao
C) Rabindranath Tagore
D) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
  • 26. In which district did the Rampa Rebellion of 1922–1924 take place?
A) Banswara
B) Visakhapatnam district
C) Khurda
D) Adilabad
  • 27. The Chuar rebellion took place in which region?
A) Bengal
B) Adilabad
C) Banswara
D) Odisha
  • 28. Which rebellion occurred in 1910?
A) Kol rebellion
B) Maria rebellion
C) Koli revolt
D) Bhumkal
  • 29. Who started the Gond rebellion in Adilabad in 1860?
A) Bangaru Devi
B) Ramji Gond
C) Laxman Naik
D) Jantya Bhil
  • 30. Which of these is a linguistic category for tribal languages?
A) Arabic
B) Greek
C) Sino-Tibetan
D) Latin
  • 31. Who composed the Ramayana and is acknowledged for having Adivasi origins?
A) Valmiki
B) Bada Meena
C) Bharmal
D) A Gond Raja
  • 32. What percentage of India's population do Scheduled Tribes constitute?
A) 8.6%
B) 90%
C) 1.1%
D) 26.2%
  • 33. How are tribal communities designated in Bangladesh?
A) Scheduled Tribes
B) Ethnic minority
C) Animist groups
D) Nomadic tribes
  • 34. Which language group is found in northern Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand?
A) Indo-Aryan
B) Dravidian
C) Tibeto-Burman
D) Munda
  • 35. Which tribe is an example of an Indo-Aryan speaking tribe in the western region?
A) Santals
B) Gonds
C) Bhils
D) Hos
  • 36. What language family dominates the central tribal region covering parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha?
A) Tibeto-Burman
B) Indo-Aryan
C) Dravidian
D) Sarnaist
  • 37. What is the primary religion followed by Adivasi in Jharkhand?
A) Buddhism
B) Christianity
C) Hinduism
D) Sarnaism
  • 38. What religion do the Chakma and Marma people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts follow?
A) Christianity
B) Hinduism
C) Animism
D) Buddhism
  • 39. What is the main occupation of the Adivasis in Assam?
A) Rice farming
B) Nomadic herding
C) Tea workers
D) Mining
  • 40. What percentage of the total tribal population lives in the tribal belt stretching from Gujarat to West Bengal?
A) More than 90%
B) Around 20%
C) Roughly 75%
D) Around 10%
  • 41. Which group near Bellary, Karnataka, is a large concentration of tribal people?
A) Khasi
B) Boyas/Valmikis
C) Gonds
D) Santals
  • 42. In Bangladesh, which Adivasi group follows Christianity?
A) Chakma
B) Khasi
C) Tripuri
D) Marma
  • 43. What does the term Adivasi literally mean?
A) Forest dweller
B) Ancient ruler
C) Beginning inhabitant
D) Mountain people
  • 44. Which of the following is an alternative term for Adivasi that means 'forest dwellers'?
A) Dravidian
B) Vanavāsi
C) Janjati
D) Dalit
  • 45. In which country are Adivasi officially recognized as 'Ethnic minorities'?
A) Nepal
B) Bangladesh
C) Pakistan
D) Sri Lanka
  • 46. Who chaired the Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India?
A) Gandhi
B) Jaipal Singh Munda
C) Thakkar Bapa
D) Ambedkar
  • 47. Which article of the Indian Constitution defines Scheduled Tribes?
A) Article 366 (25)
B) Article 169
C) Article 342
D) Article 107
  • 48. Which group of people in Sri Lanka are referred to as Adivasi?
A) Vedda
B) Dravidians
C) Indo-Aryans
D) Tea-tribes
  • 49. Which international convention did India refuse to sign, despite having ratified its predecessor?
A) The 1950 Constitutional Accord
B) ILO Convention 107
C) UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
D) ILO Convention 169
  • 50. Where was the term Adivasi initially popularized?
A) Kerala
B) Jharkhand
C) North East India
D) West Bengal
  • 51. Which language family provided ancestry to Adivasi communities?
A) Latin
B) Arabic
C) Austroasiatic
D) Greek
  • 52. Who were the individuals designated by the British to hold legal property rights to land?
A) Foreign investors only
B) British military generals
C) Adivasi elders
D) Zamindars
  • 53. In what year was the colonial presence established on the Andaman Islands?
A) 1857
B) 1789
C) 1832
D) 1947
  • 54. Which rebellion occurred between 1855 and 1856?
A) The Great Kol Uprising
B) Munda independence war
C) Bhumij rebellion
D) Santal hul
  • 55. What kind of migration did economic deprivation trigger among some adivasis?
A) Permanent migration to Europe
B) Return migration to their ancestral lands
C) Mass migration to the Americas
D) Internal migrations within India
  • 56. Which governing body suppressed Adivasi revolts after 1858?
A) The East India Company
B) The Indian National Congress
C) The local tribal rajas
D) The British government
  • 57. How did the adivasi rajas generally view British administrative innovations?
A) Negatively
B) Enthusiastically
C) Indifferently
D) Positively
  • 58. In the 1891 Census of India, how were Adivasi people described?
A) Hill and forest tribe
B) Primitive tribe
C) Tribal animist
D) Forest tribe
  • 59. Which term was used to describe Adivasi in the 1901 Census of India?
A) Animist
B) Tribes
C) Primitive tribe
D) Forest tribe
  • 60. Where are Adivasi people who follow Islam primarily located?
A) Jharkhand
B) Odisha
C) Madhya Pradesh
D) Lakshadweep
  • 61. What is the etymological origin of the word 'animism'?
A) Sanskrit
B) Persian
C) Greek
D) Latin
  • 62. According to the text, what is the core belief of animism?
A) Non-human entities possess a spiritual essence
B) Monistic Vedic worship
C) Worship of Indo-European deities
D) Reincarnation of the soul
  • 63. In what year were Adivasi recorded as 'tribes' in the census?
A) 1911
B) 1941
C) 1931
D) 1921
  • 64. How does the text describe the term 'animism' in an anthropological context?
A) An anthropological construct
B) A formal name for a religion
C) A word used by indigenous people
D) A synonym for Hinduism
  • 65. When are Adivasi in Lakshadweep believed to have embraced Islam?
A) British period
B) 19th century
C) 14th century
D) Post-independence
  • 66. What does the name 'Donyi-Polo' mean?
A) Spirit worship
B) Sun-Moon
C) Sacred grove
D) Holy woods
  • 67. Where are the followers of Donyi-Polo primarily located?
A) Nicobar Islands
B) Central-East India
C) Nilgiri hills
D) Arunachal Pradesh
  • 68. How is the Sarna religion passed down through generations?
A) Written scriptures
B) Oral traditions
C) Digital archives
D) Formal schooling
  • 69. What does the word 'Sarna' mean in the context of the religion?
A) Sun deity
B) Holy animal
C) Sacred grove
D) Witch doctor
  • 70. Where do the Nayaka people live?
A) Nilgiri hills
B) Arunachal Pradesh
C) Nicobar Islands
D) Central-East India
  • 71. Which plant is considered sacred according to the text regarding Adivasi influences on Hinduism?
A) Tulsi
B) Rose
C) Cactus
D) Sunflower
  • 72. Which animal is mentioned as potentially having had totemic importance in Adivasi tribes?
A) Tiger
B) Cobra
C) Eagle
D) Lion
  • 73. Which tree is listed as having sacred status possibly derived from Adivasi culture?
A) Maple
B) Pine
C) Oak
D) Neem
  • 74. What term describes the Nayaka people's lifestyle?
A) Sedentary farmers
B) Urban dwellers
C) Hunter gatherer
D) Nomadic traders
  • 75. Which movement was founded by Sant Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma?
A) Brahma Dharma
B) Shaivism
C) Vedic Ritualism
D) The Kallar Reform Movement
  • 76. Who was the 'Nagam Guru' of the Santal tribes in the 14th century?
A) Sant Kalu Dev
B) Sant Kubera
C) Maharshi Matanga
D) Kalean Guru (Kalean Murmu)
  • 77. What did Bhakta Shabari offer to Shri Rama and Shri Laxmana?
A) Dried lotus flowers
B) Water from a stream
C) Swine flesh
D) Half-eaten ber fruit
  • 78. To which community did Sant Kalu Dev belong?
A) Kallar
B) Bodo
C) Santal
D) Nishadha
  • 79. Who was the guru of Bhakta Shabari?
A) Maharshi Matanga
B) Guru Brahma
C) Sant Dhira
D) Sant Kubera
  • 80. Which temple allows Badu (tribal) priests to bathe and adorn the deity?
A) Brahma Dharma Temple
B) Indraprastha Temple
C) Karppillikkavu Sree Mahadeva Temple
D) Lingaraja Temple
  • 81. What was the occupation of the avatar Kaladutaka (Vaikunthanatha)?
A) Fisherman
B) Kallar (robber)
C) Temple priest
D) Hunter
  • 82. How many followers did Sant Kubera have in his time?
A) 5,000
B) 10,000
C) 100,000
D) 20,000
  • 83. Which sant composed the six Vedangas in beautiful Tamil verse?
A) Sant Kalu Dev
B) Sant Kubera
C) Sant Tirumangai Alvar
D) Sant Dhudhalinath
  • 84. How did the British government perceive Adivasi society compared to caste society?
A) Equally civilised
B) Technologically superior
C) More civilised
D) Less civilised
  • 85. What existed between some Gond and Rajput Rajas prior to the British Raj?
A) Joint military alliances
B) Commercial trade agreements
C) Matrimonial relations
D) Constant warfare
  • 86. How many delegates cast their vote for 'Sari Dhorom' as the religion code at the 2011 conference?
A) 3
B) 51
C) 14
D) 632
  • 87. What was the total number of delegates present at the All India Adivasi Conference in 2011?
A) 500
B) 750
C) 632
D) 1000
  • 88. What is the literacy rate for Scheduled Tribes recorded in 1999–2000?
A) 29.6%
B) 59%
C) 40%
D) 8.5%
  • 89. Where is the Adivasi Academy located?
A) Tejgadh, Gujarat
B) Kohima, Nagaland
C) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
D) Asansol, West Bengal
  • 90. When was the Adivasi Academy for teaching and preserving languages established?
A) 1991
B) 1999
C) 2011
D) 1961
  • 91. Which agrarian tribe is specifically mentioned as being reluctant to send their children to school?
A) Gonds
B) Khasis
C) Nagas
D) Mizos
  • 92. What is the trend of tribal student dropout rates during school education?
A) Very low
B) Non-existent
C) Moderate
D) Very high
  • 93. What is the literacy rate for tribal males in 1999–2000?
A) 59%
B) 40.6%
C) 37%
D) 13.8%
  • 94. Which campaign in central India were Adivasis victims of due to the Naxalite insurgency?
A) Green Revolution
B) Salwa Judum
C) Forest Protection Drive
D) Tribal Upliftment Scheme
  • 95. How did non-Adivasis often secure the use of reserved forest lands?
A) By bribing local officials
B) By negotiating with tribal elders
C) By signing government contracts
D) By filing land ownership petitions
  • 96. Which group played a significant role in the early education of Northeastern tribes?
A) Government bureaucrats
B) Missionaries
C) Local merchant guilds
D) Foreign corporations
  • 97. What language was taught at most levels in the Northeastern education system by the early 1980s?
A) Sanskrit
B) Hindi
C) English
D) Assamese
  • 98. Who described the economic alienation of Adivasis as a 'systematic failure' in 2009?
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
C) Indira Gandhi
D) Manmohan Singh
  • 99. Which area is identified as being affected by Naxalite unrest linked to Adivasi exploitation?
A) The Indo-Gangetic Plain
B) The Red Corridor
C) The Western Ghats
D) The Thar Desert
  • 100. Which group in Manipur has cited the lack of ST status as an economic disadvantage?
A) Meena
B) Gujjar
C) Bodo
D) Meiteis
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