Adivasi - Questionário
Adivasi
  • 1. What was the traditional economy of most tribes according to the text?
A) Tourism and hospitality management
B) Import and export trade services
C) Large-scale industrial manufacturing
D) Subsistence agriculture or hunting and gathering
  • 2. Which items were historically traded by tribes with outsiders?
A) Advanced agricultural machinery
B) Salt and iron
C) Gold and precious stones
D) Electronic goods and technology
  • 3. What happened to tribal land ownership around 1900 under the British government?
A) The government granted all land back to the tribes
B) Tribes were forced into urban migration
C) Land was turned into protected national parks
D) Migrants received free land for cultivation
  • 4. How did Adivasi traditionally view land?
A) As a common resource for whoever needed it
B) As a commodity to be sold for profit
C) As a strictly inherited private asset
D) As land belonging exclusively to the state
  • 5. Why did many Adivasis lose the opportunity to claim their lands?
A) The government seized all land by force
B) They did not prioritize obtaining formal land titles
C) They moved away to find better jobs
D) They were prohibited from farming their own land
  • 6. What is a loophole that allowed non-Adivasi to gain access to tribal land?
A) Marriage alliances
B) Educational scholarships
C) Government employment quotas
D) Land leases
  • 7. What characterized the 1970s in relation to Adivasi land?
A) Intense land pressure
B) Government-mandated restoration of land
C) Decreased interest in tribal territories
D) A surge in tribal land ownership
  • 8. How did many Adivasis lose their land titles in the 1970s?
A) Voluntary donation to the state
B) Debt, bribery, or leases
C) Exchange for modern technology
D) Loss through environmental disasters
  • 9. What did some non-Adivasis do to gain competitive advantages over established tribes?
A) Build schools and hospitals for tribes
B) Lobby to be classified as tribal
C) Marry into tribal families
D) Convert to tribal religions
  • 10. What often happens when the government attempts to evict illegal non-tribal occupiers?
A) It is highly efficient and swift
B) It proceeds slowly and often targets poor lower castes
C) It results in complete removal of all outsiders
D) It restores land directly to tribal elders
  • 11. What has been a permanent feature of many tribal villages since the 1960s and 1970s?
A) Large-scale industrial factories
B) Resident non-tribal shopkeepers
C) Government administrative centers
D) State-run universities
  • 12. What are examples of cash crops mentioned in the text?
A) Tea and coffee
B) Cotton or castor-oil plants
C) Wheat and rice
D) Oranges and bananas
  • 13. What is an extreme consequence of the widespread indebtedness of Adivasis?
A) Government intervention to pay off all debts
B) Full cancellation of tribal debts
C) Forced enrollment in vocational schools
D) Traders selling debtors to other merchants
  • 14. Why are tribes in the Himalayan foothills less pressured by non-tribal intrusion?
A) Historically distinct political status and isolation
B) Severe climate conditions
C) Lack of natural resources
D) Extreme poverty in the region
  • 15. What was the 'Inner Line' policy?
A) A ban on all agricultural activities
B) A policy requiring special permission for non-Adivasi to enter
C) A strategy to mine the Himalayan foothills
D) A trade agreement between tribes and the British
  • 16. Why do post-colonial governments protect the Himalayan tribes?
A) To promote tourism in the region
B) Due to international humanitarian pressure
C) As a strategy to secure the border with China
D) To preserve ancient tribal languages
  • 17. Who was one of the Adivasis involved in the Indian independence movement?
A) Birsa Munda
B) Rani of Jhansi
C) Ramji Gond
D) Tatya Tope
  • 18. Which rebellion occurred between 1774 and 1779?
A) Halba rebellion
B) Kol rebellion
C) Bhumij rebellion
D) Santhal rebellion
  • 19. How many linguistic groupings are tribal languages categorized into?
A) Seven
B) Five
C) Three
D) Ten
  • 20. Approximately how many tribal groups are there in India?
A) Exactly 500
B) More than 700
C) Less than 100
D) Over 2000
  • 21. In how many languages is Adivasi literature composed?
A) Exactly 500
B) Less than 20
C) Exactly 50
D) More than 100
  • 22. Who started the Bhil rebellion in Banswara in 1858?
A) Birsa Munda
B) Laxman Naik
C) Tatya Tope
D) Ramji Gond
  • 23. Which of the following is listed as a linguistic grouping for tribal languages?
A) Semitic
B) Slavic
C) Austro-Asiatic
D) Romance
  • 24. When did the Santhal rebellion take place?
A) 1776
B) 1817
C) 1910
D) 1856–57
  • 25. Who is a prominent tribal writer mentioned in the text?
A) Rabindranath Tagore
B) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
C) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
D) Temsula Ao
  • 26. In which district did the Rampa Rebellion of 1922–1924 take place?
A) Banswara
B) Khurda
C) Visakhapatnam district
D) Adilabad
  • 27. The Chuar rebellion took place in which region?
A) Odisha
B) Bengal
C) Adilabad
D) Banswara
  • 28. Which rebellion occurred in 1910?
A) Kol rebellion
B) Bhumkal
C) Maria rebellion
D) Koli revolt
  • 29. Who started the Gond rebellion in Adilabad in 1860?
A) Laxman Naik
B) Ramji Gond
C) Jantya Bhil
D) Bangaru Devi
  • 30. Which of these is a linguistic category for tribal languages?
A) Greek
B) Sino-Tibetan
C) Latin
D) Arabic
  • 31. Who composed the Ramayana and is acknowledged for having Adivasi origins?
A) Bharmal
B) Valmiki
C) A Gond Raja
D) Bada Meena
  • 32. What percentage of India's population do Scheduled Tribes constitute?
A) 8.6%
B) 26.2%
C) 90%
D) 1.1%
  • 33. How are tribal communities designated in Bangladesh?
A) Scheduled Tribes
B) Nomadic tribes
C) Ethnic minority
D) Animist groups
  • 34. Which language group is found in northern Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand?
A) Tibeto-Burman
B) Munda
C) Dravidian
D) Indo-Aryan
  • 35. Which tribe is an example of an Indo-Aryan speaking tribe in the western region?
A) Gonds
B) Hos
C) Santals
D) Bhils
  • 36. What language family dominates the central tribal region covering parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha?
A) Sarnaist
B) Dravidian
C) Tibeto-Burman
D) Indo-Aryan
  • 37. What is the primary religion followed by Adivasi in Jharkhand?
A) Hinduism
B) Buddhism
C) Christianity
D) Sarnaism
  • 38. What religion do the Chakma and Marma people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts follow?
A) Animism
B) Hinduism
C) Christianity
D) Buddhism
  • 39. What is the main occupation of the Adivasis in Assam?
A) Tea workers
B) Nomadic herding
C) Mining
D) Rice farming
  • 40. What percentage of the total tribal population lives in the tribal belt stretching from Gujarat to West Bengal?
A) More than 90%
B) Around 10%
C) Around 20%
D) Roughly 75%
  • 41. Which group near Bellary, Karnataka, is a large concentration of tribal people?
A) Santals
B) Khasi
C) Gonds
D) Boyas/Valmikis
  • 42. In Bangladesh, which Adivasi group follows Christianity?
A) Tripuri
B) Chakma
C) Khasi
D) Marma
  • 43. What does the term Adivasi literally mean?
A) Ancient ruler
B) Beginning inhabitant
C) Mountain people
D) Forest dweller
  • 44. Which of the following is an alternative term for Adivasi that means 'forest dwellers'?
A) Dravidian
B) Janjati
C) Dalit
D) Vanavāsi
  • 45. In which country are Adivasi officially recognized as 'Ethnic minorities'?
A) Pakistan
B) Bangladesh
C) Sri Lanka
D) Nepal
  • 46. Who chaired the Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India?
A) Thakkar Bapa
B) Jaipal Singh Munda
C) Gandhi
D) Ambedkar
  • 47. Which article of the Indian Constitution defines Scheduled Tribes?
A) Article 107
B) Article 366 (25)
C) Article 169
D) Article 342
  • 48. Which group of people in Sri Lanka are referred to as Adivasi?
A) Tea-tribes
B) Vedda
C) Dravidians
D) Indo-Aryans
  • 49. Which international convention did India refuse to sign, despite having ratified its predecessor?
A) The 1950 Constitutional Accord
B) UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
C) ILO Convention 107
D) ILO Convention 169
  • 50. Where was the term Adivasi initially popularized?
A) West Bengal
B) Jharkhand
C) Kerala
D) North East India
  • 51. Which language family provided ancestry to Adivasi communities?
A) Austroasiatic
B) Greek
C) Latin
D) Arabic
  • 52. Who were the individuals designated by the British to hold legal property rights to land?
A) British military generals
B) Foreign investors only
C) Zamindars
D) Adivasi elders
  • 53. In what year was the colonial presence established on the Andaman Islands?
A) 1832
B) 1857
C) 1947
D) 1789
  • 54. Which rebellion occurred between 1855 and 1856?
A) Munda independence war
B) Bhumij rebellion
C) The Great Kol Uprising
D) Santal hul
  • 55. What kind of migration did economic deprivation trigger among some adivasis?
A) Permanent migration to Europe
B) Return migration to their ancestral lands
C) Internal migrations within India
D) Mass migration to the Americas
  • 56. Which governing body suppressed Adivasi revolts after 1858?
A) The British government
B) The East India Company
C) The local tribal rajas
D) The Indian National Congress
  • 57. How did the adivasi rajas generally view British administrative innovations?
A) Indifferently
B) Negatively
C) Positively
D) Enthusiastically
  • 58. In the 1891 Census of India, how were Adivasi people described?
A) Hill and forest tribe
B) Primitive tribe
C) Tribal animist
D) Forest tribe
  • 59. Which term was used to describe Adivasi in the 1901 Census of India?
A) Tribes
B) Forest tribe
C) Animist
D) Primitive tribe
  • 60. Where are Adivasi people who follow Islam primarily located?
A) Jharkhand
B) Madhya Pradesh
C) Odisha
D) Lakshadweep
  • 61. What is the etymological origin of the word 'animism'?
A) Greek
B) Persian
C) Sanskrit
D) Latin
  • 62. According to the text, what is the core belief of animism?
A) Worship of Indo-European deities
B) Monistic Vedic worship
C) Reincarnation of the soul
D) Non-human entities possess a spiritual essence
  • 63. In what year were Adivasi recorded as 'tribes' in the census?
A) 1931
B) 1941
C) 1911
D) 1921
  • 64. How does the text describe the term 'animism' in an anthropological context?
A) A synonym for Hinduism
B) An anthropological construct
C) A formal name for a religion
D) A word used by indigenous people
  • 65. When are Adivasi in Lakshadweep believed to have embraced Islam?
A) British period
B) Post-independence
C) 14th century
D) 19th century
  • 66. What does the name 'Donyi-Polo' mean?
A) Sacred grove
B) Holy woods
C) Spirit worship
D) Sun-Moon
  • 67. Where are the followers of Donyi-Polo primarily located?
A) Nilgiri hills
B) Central-East India
C) Nicobar Islands
D) Arunachal Pradesh
  • 68. How is the Sarna religion passed down through generations?
A) Formal schooling
B) Oral traditions
C) Written scriptures
D) Digital archives
  • 69. What does the word 'Sarna' mean in the context of the religion?
A) Sacred grove
B) Holy animal
C) Sun deity
D) Witch doctor
  • 70. Where do the Nayaka people live?
A) Arunachal Pradesh
B) Central-East India
C) Nilgiri hills
D) Nicobar Islands
  • 71. Which plant is considered sacred according to the text regarding Adivasi influences on Hinduism?
A) Tulsi
B) Rose
C) Cactus
D) Sunflower
  • 72. Which animal is mentioned as potentially having had totemic importance in Adivasi tribes?
A) Eagle
B) Lion
C) Tiger
D) Cobra
  • 73. Which tree is listed as having sacred status possibly derived from Adivasi culture?
A) Oak
B) Maple
C) Neem
D) Pine
  • 74. What term describes the Nayaka people's lifestyle?
A) Urban dwellers
B) Nomadic traders
C) Sedentary farmers
D) Hunter gatherer
  • 75. Which movement was founded by Sant Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma?
A) The Kallar Reform Movement
B) Brahma Dharma
C) Shaivism
D) Vedic Ritualism
  • 76. Who was the 'Nagam Guru' of the Santal tribes in the 14th century?
A) Sant Kubera
B) Sant Kalu Dev
C) Maharshi Matanga
D) Kalean Guru (Kalean Murmu)
  • 77. What did Bhakta Shabari offer to Shri Rama and Shri Laxmana?
A) Half-eaten ber fruit
B) Water from a stream
C) Dried lotus flowers
D) Swine flesh
  • 78. To which community did Sant Kalu Dev belong?
A) Kallar
B) Santal
C) Bodo
D) Nishadha
  • 79. Who was the guru of Bhakta Shabari?
A) Guru Brahma
B) Maharshi Matanga
C) Sant Kubera
D) Sant Dhira
  • 80. Which temple allows Badu (tribal) priests to bathe and adorn the deity?
A) Lingaraja Temple
B) Indraprastha Temple
C) Karppillikkavu Sree Mahadeva Temple
D) Brahma Dharma Temple
  • 81. What was the occupation of the avatar Kaladutaka (Vaikunthanatha)?
A) Fisherman
B) Hunter
C) Temple priest
D) Kallar (robber)
  • 82. How many followers did Sant Kubera have in his time?
A) 10,000
B) 5,000
C) 20,000
D) 100,000
  • 83. Which sant composed the six Vedangas in beautiful Tamil verse?
A) Sant Tirumangai Alvar
B) Sant Kalu Dev
C) Sant Dhudhalinath
D) Sant Kubera
  • 84. How did the British government perceive Adivasi society compared to caste society?
A) Equally civilised
B) Less civilised
C) Technologically superior
D) More civilised
  • 85. What existed between some Gond and Rajput Rajas prior to the British Raj?
A) Matrimonial relations
B) Constant warfare
C) Commercial trade agreements
D) Joint military alliances
  • 86. How many delegates cast their vote for 'Sari Dhorom' as the religion code at the 2011 conference?
A) 51
B) 14
C) 3
D) 632
  • 87. What was the total number of delegates present at the All India Adivasi Conference in 2011?
A) 1000
B) 632
C) 500
D) 750
  • 88. What is the literacy rate for Scheduled Tribes recorded in 1999–2000?
A) 29.6%
B) 59%
C) 8.5%
D) 40%
  • 89. Where is the Adivasi Academy located?
A) Asansol, West Bengal
B) Kohima, Nagaland
C) Tejgadh, Gujarat
D) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
  • 90. When was the Adivasi Academy for teaching and preserving languages established?
A) 2011
B) 1991
C) 1961
D) 1999
  • 91. Which agrarian tribe is specifically mentioned as being reluctant to send their children to school?
A) Gonds
B) Mizos
C) Nagas
D) Khasis
  • 92. What is the trend of tribal student dropout rates during school education?
A) Very low
B) Non-existent
C) Moderate
D) Very high
  • 93. What is the literacy rate for tribal males in 1999–2000?
A) 13.8%
B) 40.6%
C) 37%
D) 59%
  • 94. Which campaign in central India were Adivasis victims of due to the Naxalite insurgency?
A) Tribal Upliftment Scheme
B) Green Revolution
C) Forest Protection Drive
D) Salwa Judum
  • 95. How did non-Adivasis often secure the use of reserved forest lands?
A) By signing government contracts
B) By negotiating with tribal elders
C) By filing land ownership petitions
D) By bribing local officials
  • 96. Which group played a significant role in the early education of Northeastern tribes?
A) Local merchant guilds
B) Government bureaucrats
C) Missionaries
D) Foreign corporations
  • 97. What language was taught at most levels in the Northeastern education system by the early 1980s?
A) Sanskrit
B) Assamese
C) English
D) Hindi
  • 98. Who described the economic alienation of Adivasis as a 'systematic failure' in 2009?
A) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
B) Jawaharlal Nehru
C) Indira Gandhi
D) Manmohan Singh
  • 99. Which area is identified as being affected by Naxalite unrest linked to Adivasi exploitation?
A) The Western Ghats
B) The Indo-Gangetic Plain
C) The Red Corridor
D) The Thar Desert
  • 100. Which group in Manipur has cited the lack of ST status as an economic disadvantage?
A) Gujjar
B) Meena
C) Bodo
D) Meiteis
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