Adivasi - Test
Adivasi
  • 1. What was the traditional economy of most tribes according to the text?
A) Subsistence agriculture or hunting and gathering
B) Tourism and hospitality management
C) Import and export trade services
D) Large-scale industrial manufacturing
  • 2. Which items were historically traded by tribes with outsiders?
A) Gold and precious stones
B) Advanced agricultural machinery
C) Electronic goods and technology
D) Salt and iron
  • 3. What happened to tribal land ownership around 1900 under the British government?
A) Land was turned into protected national parks
B) Tribes were forced into urban migration
C) Migrants received free land for cultivation
D) The government granted all land back to the tribes
  • 4. How did Adivasi traditionally view land?
A) As a strictly inherited private asset
B) As land belonging exclusively to the state
C) As a common resource for whoever needed it
D) As a commodity to be sold for profit
  • 5. Why did many Adivasis lose the opportunity to claim their lands?
A) They did not prioritize obtaining formal land titles
B) They were prohibited from farming their own land
C) They moved away to find better jobs
D) The government seized all land by force
  • 6. What is a loophole that allowed non-Adivasi to gain access to tribal land?
A) Marriage alliances
B) Government employment quotas
C) Educational scholarships
D) Land leases
  • 7. What characterized the 1970s in relation to Adivasi land?
A) A surge in tribal land ownership
B) Government-mandated restoration of land
C) Intense land pressure
D) Decreased interest in tribal territories
  • 8. How did many Adivasis lose their land titles in the 1970s?
A) Exchange for modern technology
B) Voluntary donation to the state
C) Debt, bribery, or leases
D) Loss through environmental disasters
  • 9. What did some non-Adivasis do to gain competitive advantages over established tribes?
A) Marry into tribal families
B) Convert to tribal religions
C) Lobby to be classified as tribal
D) Build schools and hospitals for tribes
  • 10. What often happens when the government attempts to evict illegal non-tribal occupiers?
A) It results in complete removal of all outsiders
B) It proceeds slowly and often targets poor lower castes
C) It restores land directly to tribal elders
D) It is highly efficient and swift
  • 11. What has been a permanent feature of many tribal villages since the 1960s and 1970s?
A) Large-scale industrial factories
B) State-run universities
C) Government administrative centers
D) Resident non-tribal shopkeepers
  • 12. What are examples of cash crops mentioned in the text?
A) Tea and coffee
B) Cotton or castor-oil plants
C) Wheat and rice
D) Oranges and bananas
  • 13. What is an extreme consequence of the widespread indebtedness of Adivasis?
A) Traders selling debtors to other merchants
B) Forced enrollment in vocational schools
C) Full cancellation of tribal debts
D) Government intervention to pay off all debts
  • 14. Why are tribes in the Himalayan foothills less pressured by non-tribal intrusion?
A) Extreme poverty in the region
B) Historically distinct political status and isolation
C) Lack of natural resources
D) Severe climate conditions
  • 15. What was the 'Inner Line' policy?
A) A trade agreement between tribes and the British
B) A policy requiring special permission for non-Adivasi to enter
C) A strategy to mine the Himalayan foothills
D) A ban on all agricultural activities
  • 16. Why do post-colonial governments protect the Himalayan tribes?
A) To preserve ancient tribal languages
B) To promote tourism in the region
C) As a strategy to secure the border with China
D) Due to international humanitarian pressure
  • 17. Who was one of the Adivasis involved in the Indian independence movement?
A) Birsa Munda
B) Rani of Jhansi
C) Ramji Gond
D) Tatya Tope
  • 18. Which rebellion occurred between 1774 and 1779?
A) Kol rebellion
B) Santhal rebellion
C) Halba rebellion
D) Bhumij rebellion
  • 19. How many linguistic groupings are tribal languages categorized into?
A) Three
B) Ten
C) Five
D) Seven
  • 20. Approximately how many tribal groups are there in India?
A) Exactly 500
B) Less than 100
C) More than 700
D) Over 2000
  • 21. In how many languages is Adivasi literature composed?
A) More than 100
B) Exactly 50
C) Less than 20
D) Exactly 500
  • 22. Who started the Bhil rebellion in Banswara in 1858?
A) Birsa Munda
B) Laxman Naik
C) Ramji Gond
D) Tatya Tope
  • 23. Which of the following is listed as a linguistic grouping for tribal languages?
A) Semitic
B) Austro-Asiatic
C) Romance
D) Slavic
  • 24. When did the Santhal rebellion take place?
A) 1776
B) 1910
C) 1856–57
D) 1817
  • 25. Who is a prominent tribal writer mentioned in the text?
A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B) Rabindranath Tagore
C) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
D) Temsula Ao
  • 26. In which district did the Rampa Rebellion of 1922–1924 take place?
A) Visakhapatnam district
B) Khurda
C) Adilabad
D) Banswara
  • 27. The Chuar rebellion took place in which region?
A) Banswara
B) Bengal
C) Odisha
D) Adilabad
  • 28. Which rebellion occurred in 1910?
A) Bhumkal
B) Koli revolt
C) Maria rebellion
D) Kol rebellion
  • 29. Who started the Gond rebellion in Adilabad in 1860?
A) Laxman Naik
B) Jantya Bhil
C) Ramji Gond
D) Bangaru Devi
  • 30. Which of these is a linguistic category for tribal languages?
A) Sino-Tibetan
B) Arabic
C) Latin
D) Greek
  • 31. Who composed the Ramayana and is acknowledged for having Adivasi origins?
A) Bada Meena
B) A Gond Raja
C) Valmiki
D) Bharmal
  • 32. What percentage of India's population do Scheduled Tribes constitute?
A) 90%
B) 8.6%
C) 1.1%
D) 26.2%
  • 33. How are tribal communities designated in Bangladesh?
A) Nomadic tribes
B) Scheduled Tribes
C) Animist groups
D) Ethnic minority
  • 34. Which language group is found in northern Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand?
A) Munda
B) Indo-Aryan
C) Tibeto-Burman
D) Dravidian
  • 35. Which tribe is an example of an Indo-Aryan speaking tribe in the western region?
A) Santals
B) Hos
C) Gonds
D) Bhils
  • 36. What language family dominates the central tribal region covering parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha?
A) Sarnaist
B) Tibeto-Burman
C) Dravidian
D) Indo-Aryan
  • 37. What is the primary religion followed by Adivasi in Jharkhand?
A) Buddhism
B) Sarnaism
C) Christianity
D) Hinduism
  • 38. What religion do the Chakma and Marma people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts follow?
A) Christianity
B) Animism
C) Hinduism
D) Buddhism
  • 39. What is the main occupation of the Adivasis in Assam?
A) Nomadic herding
B) Tea workers
C) Rice farming
D) Mining
  • 40. What percentage of the total tribal population lives in the tribal belt stretching from Gujarat to West Bengal?
A) Around 20%
B) Around 10%
C) More than 90%
D) Roughly 75%
  • 41. Which group near Bellary, Karnataka, is a large concentration of tribal people?
A) Boyas/Valmikis
B) Gonds
C) Khasi
D) Santals
  • 42. In Bangladesh, which Adivasi group follows Christianity?
A) Tripuri
B) Khasi
C) Chakma
D) Marma
  • 43. What does the term Adivasi literally mean?
A) Beginning inhabitant
B) Ancient ruler
C) Mountain people
D) Forest dweller
  • 44. Which of the following is an alternative term for Adivasi that means 'forest dwellers'?
A) Dalit
B) Dravidian
C) Vanavāsi
D) Janjati
  • 45. In which country are Adivasi officially recognized as 'Ethnic minorities'?
A) Nepal
B) Pakistan
C) Sri Lanka
D) Bangladesh
  • 46. Who chaired the Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India?
A) Thakkar Bapa
B) Gandhi
C) Jaipal Singh Munda
D) Ambedkar
  • 47. Which article of the Indian Constitution defines Scheduled Tribes?
A) Article 366 (25)
B) Article 342
C) Article 107
D) Article 169
  • 48. Which group of people in Sri Lanka are referred to as Adivasi?
A) Tea-tribes
B) Dravidians
C) Vedda
D) Indo-Aryans
  • 49. Which international convention did India refuse to sign, despite having ratified its predecessor?
A) UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
B) The 1950 Constitutional Accord
C) ILO Convention 169
D) ILO Convention 107
  • 50. Where was the term Adivasi initially popularized?
A) Jharkhand
B) North East India
C) West Bengal
D) Kerala
  • 51. Which language family provided ancestry to Adivasi communities?
A) Greek
B) Latin
C) Austroasiatic
D) Arabic
  • 52. Who were the individuals designated by the British to hold legal property rights to land?
A) Foreign investors only
B) Zamindars
C) British military generals
D) Adivasi elders
  • 53. In what year was the colonial presence established on the Andaman Islands?
A) 1947
B) 1832
C) 1789
D) 1857
  • 54. Which rebellion occurred between 1855 and 1856?
A) Santal hul
B) Bhumij rebellion
C) The Great Kol Uprising
D) Munda independence war
  • 55. What kind of migration did economic deprivation trigger among some adivasis?
A) Return migration to their ancestral lands
B) Permanent migration to Europe
C) Internal migrations within India
D) Mass migration to the Americas
  • 56. Which governing body suppressed Adivasi revolts after 1858?
A) The British government
B) The local tribal rajas
C) The East India Company
D) The Indian National Congress
  • 57. How did the adivasi rajas generally view British administrative innovations?
A) Negatively
B) Indifferently
C) Enthusiastically
D) Positively
  • 58. In the 1891 Census of India, how were Adivasi people described?
A) Tribal animist
B) Forest tribe
C) Primitive tribe
D) Hill and forest tribe
  • 59. Which term was used to describe Adivasi in the 1901 Census of India?
A) Primitive tribe
B) Forest tribe
C) Animist
D) Tribes
  • 60. Where are Adivasi people who follow Islam primarily located?
A) Odisha
B) Lakshadweep
C) Madhya Pradesh
D) Jharkhand
  • 61. What is the etymological origin of the word 'animism'?
A) Greek
B) Sanskrit
C) Latin
D) Persian
  • 62. According to the text, what is the core belief of animism?
A) Non-human entities possess a spiritual essence
B) Worship of Indo-European deities
C) Reincarnation of the soul
D) Monistic Vedic worship
  • 63. In what year were Adivasi recorded as 'tribes' in the census?
A) 1911
B) 1931
C) 1941
D) 1921
  • 64. How does the text describe the term 'animism' in an anthropological context?
A) A formal name for a religion
B) A synonym for Hinduism
C) An anthropological construct
D) A word used by indigenous people
  • 65. When are Adivasi in Lakshadweep believed to have embraced Islam?
A) Post-independence
B) 14th century
C) 19th century
D) British period
  • 66. What does the name 'Donyi-Polo' mean?
A) Holy woods
B) Spirit worship
C) Sun-Moon
D) Sacred grove
  • 67. Where are the followers of Donyi-Polo primarily located?
A) Arunachal Pradesh
B) Central-East India
C) Nicobar Islands
D) Nilgiri hills
  • 68. How is the Sarna religion passed down through generations?
A) Digital archives
B) Written scriptures
C) Formal schooling
D) Oral traditions
  • 69. What does the word 'Sarna' mean in the context of the religion?
A) Sun deity
B) Holy animal
C) Sacred grove
D) Witch doctor
  • 70. Where do the Nayaka people live?
A) Central-East India
B) Nilgiri hills
C) Arunachal Pradesh
D) Nicobar Islands
  • 71. Which plant is considered sacred according to the text regarding Adivasi influences on Hinduism?
A) Rose
B) Cactus
C) Sunflower
D) Tulsi
  • 72. Which animal is mentioned as potentially having had totemic importance in Adivasi tribes?
A) Tiger
B) Eagle
C) Cobra
D) Lion
  • 73. Which tree is listed as having sacred status possibly derived from Adivasi culture?
A) Maple
B) Neem
C) Pine
D) Oak
  • 74. What term describes the Nayaka people's lifestyle?
A) Hunter gatherer
B) Urban dwellers
C) Sedentary farmers
D) Nomadic traders
  • 75. Which movement was founded by Sant Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma?
A) The Kallar Reform Movement
B) Shaivism
C) Vedic Ritualism
D) Brahma Dharma
  • 76. Who was the 'Nagam Guru' of the Santal tribes in the 14th century?
A) Sant Kalu Dev
B) Sant Kubera
C) Kalean Guru (Kalean Murmu)
D) Maharshi Matanga
  • 77. What did Bhakta Shabari offer to Shri Rama and Shri Laxmana?
A) Half-eaten ber fruit
B) Dried lotus flowers
C) Water from a stream
D) Swine flesh
  • 78. To which community did Sant Kalu Dev belong?
A) Santal
B) Nishadha
C) Bodo
D) Kallar
  • 79. Who was the guru of Bhakta Shabari?
A) Maharshi Matanga
B) Sant Kubera
C) Sant Dhira
D) Guru Brahma
  • 80. Which temple allows Badu (tribal) priests to bathe and adorn the deity?
A) Lingaraja Temple
B) Brahma Dharma Temple
C) Karppillikkavu Sree Mahadeva Temple
D) Indraprastha Temple
  • 81. What was the occupation of the avatar Kaladutaka (Vaikunthanatha)?
A) Fisherman
B) Hunter
C) Temple priest
D) Kallar (robber)
  • 82. How many followers did Sant Kubera have in his time?
A) 20,000
B) 10,000
C) 100,000
D) 5,000
  • 83. Which sant composed the six Vedangas in beautiful Tamil verse?
A) Sant Kalu Dev
B) Sant Tirumangai Alvar
C) Sant Dhudhalinath
D) Sant Kubera
  • 84. How did the British government perceive Adivasi society compared to caste society?
A) More civilised
B) Technologically superior
C) Less civilised
D) Equally civilised
  • 85. What existed between some Gond and Rajput Rajas prior to the British Raj?
A) Matrimonial relations
B) Joint military alliances
C) Constant warfare
D) Commercial trade agreements
  • 86. How many delegates cast their vote for 'Sari Dhorom' as the religion code at the 2011 conference?
A) 51
B) 632
C) 14
D) 3
  • 87. What was the total number of delegates present at the All India Adivasi Conference in 2011?
A) 750
B) 632
C) 500
D) 1000
  • 88. What is the literacy rate for Scheduled Tribes recorded in 1999–2000?
A) 40%
B) 29.6%
C) 8.5%
D) 59%
  • 89. Where is the Adivasi Academy located?
A) Tejgadh, Gujarat
B) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
C) Kohima, Nagaland
D) Asansol, West Bengal
  • 90. When was the Adivasi Academy for teaching and preserving languages established?
A) 1999
B) 1961
C) 2011
D) 1991
  • 91. Which agrarian tribe is specifically mentioned as being reluctant to send their children to school?
A) Gonds
B) Khasis
C) Nagas
D) Mizos
  • 92. What is the trend of tribal student dropout rates during school education?
A) Moderate
B) Non-existent
C) Very low
D) Very high
  • 93. What is the literacy rate for tribal males in 1999–2000?
A) 13.8%
B) 37%
C) 40.6%
D) 59%
  • 94. Which campaign in central India were Adivasis victims of due to the Naxalite insurgency?
A) Salwa Judum
B) Green Revolution
C) Forest Protection Drive
D) Tribal Upliftment Scheme
  • 95. How did non-Adivasis often secure the use of reserved forest lands?
A) By negotiating with tribal elders
B) By signing government contracts
C) By bribing local officials
D) By filing land ownership petitions
  • 96. Which group played a significant role in the early education of Northeastern tribes?
A) Government bureaucrats
B) Missionaries
C) Foreign corporations
D) Local merchant guilds
  • 97. What language was taught at most levels in the Northeastern education system by the early 1980s?
A) Hindi
B) Assamese
C) Sanskrit
D) English
  • 98. Who described the economic alienation of Adivasis as a 'systematic failure' in 2009?
A) Indira Gandhi
B) Jawaharlal Nehru
C) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
D) Manmohan Singh
  • 99. Which area is identified as being affected by Naxalite unrest linked to Adivasi exploitation?
A) The Thar Desert
B) The Indo-Gangetic Plain
C) The Western Ghats
D) The Red Corridor
  • 100. Which group in Manipur has cited the lack of ST status as an economic disadvantage?
A) Gujjar
B) Meena
C) Meiteis
D) Bodo
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