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Adivasi - Test
Prispevano od: Haynes
  • 1. What was the traditional economy of most tribes according to the text?
A) Large-scale industrial manufacturing
B) Tourism and hospitality management
C) Subsistence agriculture or hunting and gathering
D) Import and export trade services
  • 2. Which items were historically traded by tribes with outsiders?
A) Advanced agricultural machinery
B) Gold and precious stones
C) Salt and iron
D) Electronic goods and technology
  • 3. What happened to tribal land ownership around 1900 under the British government?
A) Migrants received free land for cultivation
B) The government granted all land back to the tribes
C) Tribes were forced into urban migration
D) Land was turned into protected national parks
  • 4. How did Adivasi traditionally view land?
A) As land belonging exclusively to the state
B) As a strictly inherited private asset
C) As a commodity to be sold for profit
D) As a common resource for whoever needed it
  • 5. Why did many Adivasis lose the opportunity to claim their lands?
A) They did not prioritize obtaining formal land titles
B) They were prohibited from farming their own land
C) They moved away to find better jobs
D) The government seized all land by force
  • 6. What is a loophole that allowed non-Adivasi to gain access to tribal land?
A) Government employment quotas
B) Land leases
C) Educational scholarships
D) Marriage alliances
  • 7. What characterized the 1970s in relation to Adivasi land?
A) Decreased interest in tribal territories
B) A surge in tribal land ownership
C) Government-mandated restoration of land
D) Intense land pressure
  • 8. How did many Adivasis lose their land titles in the 1970s?
A) Loss through environmental disasters
B) Debt, bribery, or leases
C) Voluntary donation to the state
D) Exchange for modern technology
  • 9. What did some non-Adivasis do to gain competitive advantages over established tribes?
A) Marry into tribal families
B) Convert to tribal religions
C) Build schools and hospitals for tribes
D) Lobby to be classified as tribal
  • 10. What often happens when the government attempts to evict illegal non-tribal occupiers?
A) It restores land directly to tribal elders
B) It is highly efficient and swift
C) It proceeds slowly and often targets poor lower castes
D) It results in complete removal of all outsiders
  • 11. What has been a permanent feature of many tribal villages since the 1960s and 1970s?
A) Resident non-tribal shopkeepers
B) Large-scale industrial factories
C) State-run universities
D) Government administrative centers
  • 12. What are examples of cash crops mentioned in the text?
A) Wheat and rice
B) Cotton or castor-oil plants
C) Tea and coffee
D) Oranges and bananas
  • 13. What is an extreme consequence of the widespread indebtedness of Adivasis?
A) Forced enrollment in vocational schools
B) Traders selling debtors to other merchants
C) Full cancellation of tribal debts
D) Government intervention to pay off all debts
  • 14. Why are tribes in the Himalayan foothills less pressured by non-tribal intrusion?
A) Lack of natural resources
B) Severe climate conditions
C) Historically distinct political status and isolation
D) Extreme poverty in the region
  • 15. What was the 'Inner Line' policy?
A) A trade agreement between tribes and the British
B) A strategy to mine the Himalayan foothills
C) A policy requiring special permission for non-Adivasi to enter
D) A ban on all agricultural activities
  • 16. Why do post-colonial governments protect the Himalayan tribes?
A) To preserve ancient tribal languages
B) As a strategy to secure the border with China
C) To promote tourism in the region
D) Due to international humanitarian pressure
  • 17. Who was one of the Adivasis involved in the Indian independence movement?
A) Ramji Gond
B) Birsa Munda
C) Tatya Tope
D) Rani of Jhansi
  • 18. Which rebellion occurred between 1774 and 1779?
A) Halba rebellion
B) Bhumij rebellion
C) Kol rebellion
D) Santhal rebellion
  • 19. How many linguistic groupings are tribal languages categorized into?
A) Ten
B) Five
C) Seven
D) Three
  • 20. Approximately how many tribal groups are there in India?
A) Exactly 500
B) More than 700
C) Over 2000
D) Less than 100
  • 21. In how many languages is Adivasi literature composed?
A) Exactly 500
B) Less than 20
C) Exactly 50
D) More than 100
  • 22. Who started the Bhil rebellion in Banswara in 1858?
A) Laxman Naik
B) Birsa Munda
C) Ramji Gond
D) Tatya Tope
  • 23. Which of the following is listed as a linguistic grouping for tribal languages?
A) Romance
B) Semitic
C) Slavic
D) Austro-Asiatic
  • 24. When did the Santhal rebellion take place?
A) 1776
B) 1817
C) 1856–57
D) 1910
  • 25. Who is a prominent tribal writer mentioned in the text?
A) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
B) Temsula Ao
C) Rabindranath Tagore
D) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
  • 26. In which district did the Rampa Rebellion of 1922–1924 take place?
A) Khurda
B) Banswara
C) Visakhapatnam district
D) Adilabad
  • 27. The Chuar rebellion took place in which region?
A) Bengal
B) Banswara
C) Odisha
D) Adilabad
  • 28. Which rebellion occurred in 1910?
A) Koli revolt
B) Bhumkal
C) Maria rebellion
D) Kol rebellion
  • 29. Who started the Gond rebellion in Adilabad in 1860?
A) Bangaru Devi
B) Laxman Naik
C) Ramji Gond
D) Jantya Bhil
  • 30. Which of these is a linguistic category for tribal languages?
A) Greek
B) Latin
C) Sino-Tibetan
D) Arabic
  • 31. Who composed the Ramayana and is acknowledged for having Adivasi origins?
A) A Gond Raja
B) Bharmal
C) Bada Meena
D) Valmiki
  • 32. What percentage of India's population do Scheduled Tribes constitute?
A) 26.2%
B) 90%
C) 1.1%
D) 8.6%
  • 33. How are tribal communities designated in Bangladesh?
A) Animist groups
B) Nomadic tribes
C) Scheduled Tribes
D) Ethnic minority
  • 34. Which language group is found in northern Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand?
A) Dravidian
B) Indo-Aryan
C) Tibeto-Burman
D) Munda
  • 35. Which tribe is an example of an Indo-Aryan speaking tribe in the western region?
A) Santals
B) Bhils
C) Gonds
D) Hos
  • 36. What language family dominates the central tribal region covering parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha?
A) Sarnaist
B) Indo-Aryan
C) Tibeto-Burman
D) Dravidian
  • 37. What is the primary religion followed by Adivasi in Jharkhand?
A) Christianity
B) Buddhism
C) Sarnaism
D) Hinduism
  • 38. What religion do the Chakma and Marma people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts follow?
A) Buddhism
B) Christianity
C) Animism
D) Hinduism
  • 39. What is the main occupation of the Adivasis in Assam?
A) Tea workers
B) Rice farming
C) Mining
D) Nomadic herding
  • 40. What percentage of the total tribal population lives in the tribal belt stretching from Gujarat to West Bengal?
A) Around 20%
B) Roughly 75%
C) Around 10%
D) More than 90%
  • 41. Which group near Bellary, Karnataka, is a large concentration of tribal people?
A) Boyas/Valmikis
B) Santals
C) Khasi
D) Gonds
  • 42. In Bangladesh, which Adivasi group follows Christianity?
A) Chakma
B) Tripuri
C) Khasi
D) Marma
  • 43. What does the term Adivasi literally mean?
A) Beginning inhabitant
B) Mountain people
C) Forest dweller
D) Ancient ruler
  • 44. Which of the following is an alternative term for Adivasi that means 'forest dwellers'?
A) Vanavāsi
B) Dalit
C) Janjati
D) Dravidian
  • 45. In which country are Adivasi officially recognized as 'Ethnic minorities'?
A) Sri Lanka
B) Nepal
C) Bangladesh
D) Pakistan
  • 46. Who chaired the Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India?
A) Gandhi
B) Jaipal Singh Munda
C) Thakkar Bapa
D) Ambedkar
  • 47. Which article of the Indian Constitution defines Scheduled Tribes?
A) Article 342
B) Article 169
C) Article 366 (25)
D) Article 107
  • 48. Which group of people in Sri Lanka are referred to as Adivasi?
A) Indo-Aryans
B) Dravidians
C) Tea-tribes
D) Vedda
  • 49. Which international convention did India refuse to sign, despite having ratified its predecessor?
A) The 1950 Constitutional Accord
B) ILO Convention 169
C) ILO Convention 107
D) UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
  • 50. Where was the term Adivasi initially popularized?
A) West Bengal
B) North East India
C) Kerala
D) Jharkhand
  • 51. Which language family provided ancestry to Adivasi communities?
A) Austroasiatic
B) Greek
C) Latin
D) Arabic
  • 52. Who were the individuals designated by the British to hold legal property rights to land?
A) Zamindars
B) Adivasi elders
C) British military generals
D) Foreign investors only
  • 53. In what year was the colonial presence established on the Andaman Islands?
A) 1857
B) 1789
C) 1832
D) 1947
  • 54. Which rebellion occurred between 1855 and 1856?
A) Munda independence war
B) The Great Kol Uprising
C) Santal hul
D) Bhumij rebellion
  • 55. What kind of migration did economic deprivation trigger among some adivasis?
A) Return migration to their ancestral lands
B) Permanent migration to Europe
C) Mass migration to the Americas
D) Internal migrations within India
  • 56. Which governing body suppressed Adivasi revolts after 1858?
A) The East India Company
B) The local tribal rajas
C) The Indian National Congress
D) The British government
  • 57. How did the adivasi rajas generally view British administrative innovations?
A) Positively
B) Enthusiastically
C) Indifferently
D) Negatively
  • 58. In the 1891 Census of India, how were Adivasi people described?
A) Tribal animist
B) Primitive tribe
C) Forest tribe
D) Hill and forest tribe
  • 59. Which term was used to describe Adivasi in the 1901 Census of India?
A) Tribes
B) Forest tribe
C) Primitive tribe
D) Animist
  • 60. Where are Adivasi people who follow Islam primarily located?
A) Madhya Pradesh
B) Odisha
C) Lakshadweep
D) Jharkhand
  • 61. What is the etymological origin of the word 'animism'?
A) Greek
B) Latin
C) Sanskrit
D) Persian
  • 62. According to the text, what is the core belief of animism?
A) Monistic Vedic worship
B) Reincarnation of the soul
C) Non-human entities possess a spiritual essence
D) Worship of Indo-European deities
  • 63. In what year were Adivasi recorded as 'tribes' in the census?
A) 1941
B) 1931
C) 1911
D) 1921
  • 64. How does the text describe the term 'animism' in an anthropological context?
A) A synonym for Hinduism
B) An anthropological construct
C) A word used by indigenous people
D) A formal name for a religion
  • 65. When are Adivasi in Lakshadweep believed to have embraced Islam?
A) 19th century
B) 14th century
C) Post-independence
D) British period
  • 66. What does the name 'Donyi-Polo' mean?
A) Holy woods
B) Sacred grove
C) Sun-Moon
D) Spirit worship
  • 67. Where are the followers of Donyi-Polo primarily located?
A) Arunachal Pradesh
B) Nilgiri hills
C) Central-East India
D) Nicobar Islands
  • 68. How is the Sarna religion passed down through generations?
A) Digital archives
B) Oral traditions
C) Formal schooling
D) Written scriptures
  • 69. What does the word 'Sarna' mean in the context of the religion?
A) Holy animal
B) Sacred grove
C) Sun deity
D) Witch doctor
  • 70. Where do the Nayaka people live?
A) Nilgiri hills
B) Arunachal Pradesh
C) Nicobar Islands
D) Central-East India
  • 71. Which plant is considered sacred according to the text regarding Adivasi influences on Hinduism?
A) Cactus
B) Rose
C) Sunflower
D) Tulsi
  • 72. Which animal is mentioned as potentially having had totemic importance in Adivasi tribes?
A) Eagle
B) Lion
C) Cobra
D) Tiger
  • 73. Which tree is listed as having sacred status possibly derived from Adivasi culture?
A) Oak
B) Maple
C) Pine
D) Neem
  • 74. What term describes the Nayaka people's lifestyle?
A) Nomadic traders
B) Hunter gatherer
C) Urban dwellers
D) Sedentary farmers
  • 75. Which movement was founded by Sant Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma?
A) Shaivism
B) Vedic Ritualism
C) The Kallar Reform Movement
D) Brahma Dharma
  • 76. Who was the 'Nagam Guru' of the Santal tribes in the 14th century?
A) Maharshi Matanga
B) Sant Kubera
C) Sant Kalu Dev
D) Kalean Guru (Kalean Murmu)
  • 77. What did Bhakta Shabari offer to Shri Rama and Shri Laxmana?
A) Half-eaten ber fruit
B) Water from a stream
C) Swine flesh
D) Dried lotus flowers
  • 78. To which community did Sant Kalu Dev belong?
A) Santal
B) Bodo
C) Nishadha
D) Kallar
  • 79. Who was the guru of Bhakta Shabari?
A) Guru Brahma
B) Sant Dhira
C) Maharshi Matanga
D) Sant Kubera
  • 80. Which temple allows Badu (tribal) priests to bathe and adorn the deity?
A) Indraprastha Temple
B) Karppillikkavu Sree Mahadeva Temple
C) Lingaraja Temple
D) Brahma Dharma Temple
  • 81. What was the occupation of the avatar Kaladutaka (Vaikunthanatha)?
A) Hunter
B) Kallar (robber)
C) Fisherman
D) Temple priest
  • 82. How many followers did Sant Kubera have in his time?
A) 10,000
B) 5,000
C) 100,000
D) 20,000
  • 83. Which sant composed the six Vedangas in beautiful Tamil verse?
A) Sant Dhudhalinath
B) Sant Kalu Dev
C) Sant Tirumangai Alvar
D) Sant Kubera
  • 84. How did the British government perceive Adivasi society compared to caste society?
A) Less civilised
B) Technologically superior
C) Equally civilised
D) More civilised
  • 85. What existed between some Gond and Rajput Rajas prior to the British Raj?
A) Joint military alliances
B) Commercial trade agreements
C) Matrimonial relations
D) Constant warfare
  • 86. How many delegates cast their vote for 'Sari Dhorom' as the religion code at the 2011 conference?
A) 51
B) 632
C) 14
D) 3
  • 87. What was the total number of delegates present at the All India Adivasi Conference in 2011?
A) 750
B) 632
C) 1000
D) 500
  • 88. What is the literacy rate for Scheduled Tribes recorded in 1999–2000?
A) 40%
B) 8.5%
C) 29.6%
D) 59%
  • 89. Where is the Adivasi Academy located?
A) Kohima, Nagaland
B) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
C) Tejgadh, Gujarat
D) Asansol, West Bengal
  • 90. When was the Adivasi Academy for teaching and preserving languages established?
A) 1999
B) 1991
C) 2011
D) 1961
  • 91. Which agrarian tribe is specifically mentioned as being reluctant to send their children to school?
A) Nagas
B) Khasis
C) Gonds
D) Mizos
  • 92. What is the trend of tribal student dropout rates during school education?
A) Very low
B) Moderate
C) Non-existent
D) Very high
  • 93. What is the literacy rate for tribal males in 1999–2000?
A) 37%
B) 40.6%
C) 59%
D) 13.8%
  • 94. Which campaign in central India were Adivasis victims of due to the Naxalite insurgency?
A) Green Revolution
B) Salwa Judum
C) Tribal Upliftment Scheme
D) Forest Protection Drive
  • 95. How did non-Adivasis often secure the use of reserved forest lands?
A) By bribing local officials
B) By filing land ownership petitions
C) By negotiating with tribal elders
D) By signing government contracts
  • 96. Which group played a significant role in the early education of Northeastern tribes?
A) Foreign corporations
B) Missionaries
C) Government bureaucrats
D) Local merchant guilds
  • 97. What language was taught at most levels in the Northeastern education system by the early 1980s?
A) Sanskrit
B) English
C) Assamese
D) Hindi
  • 98. Who described the economic alienation of Adivasis as a 'systematic failure' in 2009?
A) Manmohan Singh
B) Indira Gandhi
C) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
D) Jawaharlal Nehru
  • 99. Which area is identified as being affected by Naxalite unrest linked to Adivasi exploitation?
A) The Indo-Gangetic Plain
B) The Western Ghats
C) The Red Corridor
D) The Thar Desert
  • 100. Which group in Manipur has cited the lack of ST status as an economic disadvantage?
A) Gujjar
B) Meiteis
C) Bodo
D) Meena
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