Montane ecosystem - Quiz
Montane ecosystem
  • 1. What kind of forests can tropical montane forests consist of?
A) Deciduous and mangrove forests
B) Only broadleaf forests
C) Broadleaf and coniferous forests
D) Only coniferous forests
  • 2. Where do cloud forests primarily gain their moisture from?
A) Underground aquifers
B) Heavy seasonal rainfall
C) Melting glacial runoff
D) Clouds and fog
  • 3. Why are some cloud forests called mossy forests?
A) Because mosses cover the ground and vegetation
B) Because they are located in swampy areas
C) Because they are found at low altitudes
D) Because the trees are biologically related to moss
  • 4. Where do mossy forests usually develop?
A) In deep mountain valleys
B) On the highest peaks of a range
C) On the saddles of mountains
D) At the base of volcanoes
  • 5. What is a potential impact of climate change on tropical montane forests?
A) Stabilization of community dynamics
B) Biodiversity loss
C) Increased tree growth rates
D) Expansion of current species ranges
  • 6. What have global climate models predicted for the future regarding clouds?
A) Permanent cloud cover
B) Reduced cloudiness
C) No change in cloud patterns
D) Increased cloud density
  • 7. What is the biotic zone immediately below the tree line called?
A) Subalpine zone
B) Nival zone
C) Montane forest zone
D) Alpine zone
  • 8. What term describes the stunted and twisted form of trees in the subalpine zone?
A) Krummholz
B) Coniferous scrub
C) Climax vegetation
D) Pioneer species
  • 9. What protects krummholz trees during the winter?
A) Snow cover
B) Underground root systems
C) Thick waxy leaves
D) High humidity levels
  • 10. Which plant is mentioned as occurring in the subalpine zone of Europe?
A) Snow gum
B) Subalpine larch
C) Pinus mugo
D) Mountain hemlock
  • 11. What kind of vegetation mainly characterizes alpine tundra?
A) Tall deciduous trees
B) Deep-rooted annual shrubs
C) Perennial grasses, sedges, and forbs
D) Large tropical ferns
  • 12. How do cushion plants adapt to the alpine environment?
A) They develop large root systems to store heat
B) They shed leaves during the winter to conserve energy
C) They grow tall to reach more sunlight
D) They grow low to the ground to escape strong winds
  • 13. What is the function of red-colored pigments in some alpine flowering plants?
A) Attracting pollinators in the dark
B) Preventing fungal growth
C) Repelling insect herbivores
D) Converting sunlight into heat
  • 14. Why is the tundra ecosystem considered fragile?
A) Recovery from physical damage takes hundreds of years
B) It depends entirely on invasive species
C) The soil is too toxic to support growth
D) It has no ability to produce seeds
  • 15. What are giant rosette plants a unique feature of?
A) Coniferous montane forests
B) Dry montane steppes
C) Subalpine meadow zones
D) Many wet tropical montane regions
  • 16. Where do the most extensive montane grasslands and shrublands occur?
A) Hengduan mountains
B) Tibetan Plateau
C) Neotropical páramo of the Andes
D) Central Highlands of New Guinea
  • 17. What is an example of a montane steppe mentioned in the text?
A) Sierra Nevada
B) Tibetan Plateau
C) Western Ghats
D) Ethiopian Highlands
  • 18. What factor causes the elevation of habitat changes to vary across the globe?
A) Wind speed
B) Humidity
C) Latitude
D) Soil composition
  • 19. What is the term for the upper limit of montane forests?
A) Timber boundary
B) Snow line
C) Summit line
D) Tree line
  • 20. What characterizes the tree line transition?
A) Loss of all woody vegetation
B) Hardier species in less dense stands
C) Denser vegetation and broader leaves
D) Transition to grasslands
  • 21. What separates the montane forest from a desert region at its lower bound?
A) Lower timberline
B) Transition zone
C) Submontane barrier
D) Riparian buffer
  • 22. How does the climate of montane forests compare to lowland forests at the same latitude?
A) Warmer
B) Identical
C) More humid
D) Colder
  • 23. What is a common human disturbance to montane forests?
A) Agriculture
B) Glacial erosion
C) Volcanic activity
D) Tectonic uplift
  • 24. What term describes isolated mountain forests surrounded by dry regions?
A) Mountain oasis
B) High-altitude enclave
C) Sky island
D) Alpine archipelago
  • 25. Why are temperate montane forests outside Europe often more species-rich?
A) More stable volcanic soil
B) Lower overall elevation
C) Europe had smaller glacial refugia during the Pleistocene
D) Higher rainfall levels
  • 26. What is a predicted consequence of climate change in the Pacific Northwest?
A) Lower evapotranspiration rates
B) Rapid expansion of forest cover
C) Increased winter flooding
D) Increased summer drought
  • 27. What are Mediterranean montane forests commonly called?
A) Thermo-Mediterranean
B) Alpine-Mediterranean
C) Oro-Mediterranean
D) Sub-Mediterranean
  • 28. What is a common characteristic of broadleaf trees in Mediterranean montane forests?
A) Often evergreen
B) Succulent
C) Always deciduous
D) Needle-leaved
  • 29. Which of these regions contains temperate montane forests?
A) Appalachians
B) Sahara
C) Amazon Basin
D) Australian Outback
  • 30. What is a crucial factor in shaping plant communities and biodiversity in montane ecosystems?
A) Soil acidity
B) Stratification
C) Ocean currents
D) Volcanic activity
  • 31. What occurs as elevation increases in montane regions?
A) Humidity increases consistently
B) Atmospheric pressure increases
C) Temperatures rise
D) Temperatures fall
  • 32. What is one of the ecosystem services provided by montane ecosystems?
A) Regulation of ocean tides
B) Desalination of water
C) Carbon storage
D) Construction of islands
  • 33. In middle latitudes, moving up 100 meters on a mountain is roughly equivalent to moving how far towards the nearest pole?
A) 1000 kilometers
B) 500 kilometers
C) 80 kilometers
D) 10 kilometers
  • 34. What are bands of similar ecosystems at similar elevations called?
A) Altitude belts
B) Life zones
C) Stratigraphic layers
D) Climate pockets
  • 35. Which of these is an adaptation of alpine plants?
A) Rosette structures
B) Deep taproots
C) Broad, thin leaves
D) Large fleshy fruits
  • 36. Which of these is a physical adaptation to the alpine environment mentioned in the text?
A) Waxy surfaces
B) Fast growth cycles
C) Ability to climb rocks
D) Bright colored petals
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