Constitution of the United States - Quiz
Constitution of the United States
  • 1. According to historian Herbert W. Schneider, what was probably the most potent single tradition in the American Enlightenment?
A) The Scottish Enlightenment
B) The Glorious Revolution
C) The Roman Republic
D) The French Revolution
  • 2. Which 18th-century Scottish philosopher did Benjamin Franklin greatly admire?
A) Thomas Hobbes
B) David Hume
C) Montesquieu
D) John Locke
  • 3. In what year did Benjamin Franklin study works by David Hume while at Edinburgh?
A) 1778
B) 1760
C) 1688
D) 1823
  • 4. What shared belief did Benjamin Franklin and David Hume embrace regarding high-ranking public officials?
A) They should be appointed for life
B) They must belong to the upper class
C) They should receive no salary
D) They should control the judiciary
  • 5. According to Franklin and Hume, who was considered a better judge of character when choosing representatives?
A) The nobility
B) Wealthy merchants
C) The lower class
D) Foreign diplomats
  • 6. Which British political philosopher was a major influence following the Glorious Revolution of 1688?
A) Polybius
B) Montesquieu
C) John Locke
D) David Hume
  • 7. Whose contract theory of government was expanded upon by John Locke?
A) James Madison
B) Alexander Hamilton
C) Benjamin Franklin
D) Thomas Hobbes
  • 8. In which work did John Locke advance the principle of consent of the governed?
A) The Spirit of Law
B) Federalist No. 47
C) Two Treatises of Government
D) Federalist No. 78
  • 9. According to John Locke's social contract, what was the government's primary duty?
A) To expand the nation's territory
B) To enforce religious uniformity
C) To accumulate wealth for the state
D) To serve the people by protecting their rights
  • 10. What were the basic rights identified under Locke's social contract?
A) Freedom of speech, press, and religion
B) Equality, fraternity, and liberty
C) Life, liberty, and property
D) Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
  • 11. In which Federalist paper is Montesquieu's influence on Madison evident?
A) Federalist No. 47
B) Federalist No. 10
C) Federalist No. 78
D) Federalist No. 51
  • 12. In which Federalist paper is Montesquieu's influence on Hamilton evident?
A) Federalist No. 47
B) Federalist No. 78
C) Federalist No. 84
D) Federalist No. 10
  • 13. Which of the following American figures were known to read Montesquieu?
A) Benjamin Franklin, Hobbes, and Hume
B) Thomas Jefferson, Adams, and Mason
C) Washington, Madison, and Franklin
D) Locke, Hamilton, and Jay
  • 14. What did Montesquieu emphasize as necessary to prevent tyranny?
A) Elimination of the legislative branch
B) Absolute rule by the lower class
C) A powerful central executive
D) Balanced forces pushing against each other
  • 15. Whose 2nd century BC treatise on the checks and balances of the Roman Republic influenced Montesquieu?
A) Plato
B) Cicero
C) Aristotle
D) Polybius
  • 16. In which book did Montesquieu maintain that state powers should be separated by their service to the people's liberty?
A) The Social Contract
B) Federalist Papers
C) The Spirit of Law
D) Two Treatises of Government
  • 17. According to Montesquieu, what are the three branches of separated state powers?
A) Legislative, executive, and judicial
B) Military, economic, and social
C) Federal, state, and local
D) Monarchical, aristocratic, and democratic
  • 18. What was the purpose of the separation of powers according to Montesquieu?
A) To ensure judges create laws
B) To eliminate the need for elections
C) To concentrate power in the executive branch
D) The even distribution of authority among the several branches
  • 19. Who are described in the text as the ultimate interpreters of the constitution?
A) State Governors
B) Members of Congress
C) Supreme Court Justices
D) The President
  • 20. Which court case from 1823 is cited in the text as referencing Montesquieu?
A) United States v. Wood
B) Myers v. United States
C) Nixon v. Administrator of General Services
D) Green v. Biddle
  • 21. On what date was the convention's opening meeting originally scheduled?
A) May 14, 1787
B) May 31, 1787
C) May 25, 1787
D) June 19, 1787
  • 22. On what date did a quorum of seven states finally meet to begin deliberations?
A) May 14, 1787
B) May 25, 1787
C) June 19, 1787
D) June 13, 1787
  • 23. Which state refused to participate in the convention?
A) Rhode Island
B) Pennsylvania
C) New Jersey
D) Virginia
  • 24. How many total delegates were appointed by the states?
A) 55
B) 12
C) 74
D) 7
  • 25. How many delegates actually attended the convention?
A) 55
B) 7
C) 74
D) 12
  • 26. What was another name for the Virginia Plan?
A) New Jersey Plan
B) Federalist No. 78
C) Large State Plan
D) Council of Revision
  • 27. What was the Randolph Plan also known as?
A) The New Jersey Plan
B) The Articles of Confederation
C) The Judicial Review Act
D) The Virginia Plan
  • 28. What type of Congress did the Virginia Plan call for?
A) Bicameral Congress elected on a proportional basis
B) Bicameral Congress with equal state representation
C) Unicameral Congress where all states had one vote
D) Unicameral Congress elected on a proportional basis
  • 29. Whose philosophy did the Virginia Plan use for a divided government?
A) Montesquieu
B) John Locke
C) Edward Coke
D) William Blackstone
  • 30. Whose philosophy did the Virginia Plan use to emphasize civil liberties?
A) John Locke
B) William Blackstone
C) Edward Coke
D) Edmund Burke
  • 31. Which states did the Virginia Plan generally favor?
A) The less-populous states
B) States with unicameral legislatures
C) States that refused to participate
D) The most highly populated states
  • 32. What legislative structure did the New Jersey Plan retain?
A) A bicameral Congress elected on a proportional basis
B) A unicameral Congress where all states had one vote
C) A council of revision
D) A bicameral Congress with appointed members
  • 33. Which states did the New Jersey Plan generally favor?
A) The most highly populated states
B) States with large delegations
C) The less-populous states
D) States proposing a bicameral legislature
  • 34. Whose philosophy did the New Jersey Plan use to rely on received procedure?
A) English Whigs such as Edmund Burke
B) Edward Coke
C) John Locke
D) Montesquieu
  • 35. Whose jurisprudence did the New Jersey Plan use to emphasize sovereignty of the legislature?
A) John Locke
B) Alexander Hamilton
C) Oliver Ellsworth
D) William Blackstone
  • 36. On what date did the Convention devolve into the Committee of the Whole?
A) June 19
B) May 31
C) May 25
D) June 13
  • 37. On what date were the Virginia resolutions reported out of committee in amended form?
A) May 31
B) May 14
C) June 19
D) June 13
  • 38. On what date were delegates rejecting the New Jersey Plan?
A) June 19, 1787
B) May 25, 1787
C) May 31, 1787
D) June 13, 1787
  • 39. How many states voted in favor of the New Jersey Plan when it was defeated?
A) Twelve
B) One
C) Three
D) Seven
  • 40. How many states voted against the New Jersey Plan?
A) One
B) Three
C) Seven
D) Twelve
  • 41. How many states were recorded as divided when voting on the New Jersey Plan?
A) Seven
B) Three
C) Twelve
D) One
  • 42. Which delegate from Virginia proposed a supreme court veto over national legislation?
A) Wilson
B) Marshall
C) Madison
D) Hamilton
  • 43. Which delegate from Pennsylvania proposed a supreme court veto over national legislation alongside Madison?
A) Hamilton
B) Wilson
C) Burke
D) Ellsworth
  • 44. The proposal for a supreme court veto closely resembled the system in which state's 1777 Constitution?
A) Connecticut
B) Pennsylvania
C) New York
D) Virginia
  • 45. How many times was Madison's proposal for a supreme court veto defeated?
A) Once
B) Twice
C) Three times
D) Four times
  • 46. What replaced Madison's proposed supreme court veto?
A) A legislative veto with judicial override
B) A presidential veto with congressional override
C) A council of revision
D) A unanimous state vote
  • 47. Who argued for Supreme Court judicial review of acts of state legislature in Pennsylvania?
A) John Marshall
B) Oliver Ellsworth
C) Edmund Burke
D) James Wilson
  • 48. Who argued for Supreme Court judicial review of acts of state legislature in Connecticut?
A) John Marshall
B) Alexander Hamilton
C) James Wilson
D) Oliver Ellsworth
  • 49. According to Federalist No. 78, where does the preservation of the people's authority over legislatures particularly rest?
A) With the state governors
B) With the executive
C) With the English Whigs
D) With judges
  • 50. On what date did the Constitution supersede the Articles of Confederation?
A) September 17, 1787
B) March 1, 1781
C) March 4, 1789
D) May 25, 1787
  • 51. What concepts are embodied in Articles IV, V, and VI?
A) The Bill of Rights
B) Separation of powers
C) Reconstruction
D) Federalism
  • 52. What power did the Articles of Confederation give to the central government?
A) Absolute monarchical power
B) Sole authority to regulate all state laws
C) Little power
D) Extensive taxing and enforcement powers
  • 53. What size was the nation's army under the Articles?
A) 10,000-man army
B) 625-man army
C) 50,000-man army
D) 100-man army
  • 54. Which nation closed New Orleans to American commerce despite U.S. protests?
A) France
B) Britain
C) Canada
D) Spain
  • 55. When did the inter-state Annapolis convention take place?
A) September 1786
B) August 1787
C) February 1787
D) March 1781
  • 56. Which state positively refused to pay U.S. assessments for two years?
A) Connecticut
B) New York
C) Massachusetts
D) Georgia
  • 57. During which rebellion could Congress provide no money to support an endangered constituent state?
A) Shays' Rebellion
B) Stono Rebellion
C) Whiskey Rebellion
D) Bacon's Rebellion
  • 58. Who raised funds from Boston merchants to pay for a volunteer army during Shays' Rebellion?
A) Rufus King
B) General George Washington
C) General Benjamin Lincoln
D) James Madison
  • 59. What was another name for the Connecticut Compromise?
A) The Committee of Detail
B) The Southern Accommodation
C) The Great Compromise
D) The Three-Fifths Compromise
  • 60. What did the South's agricultural economies depend upon?
A) Paid immigrant labor
B) Slave labor
C) Industrial manufacturing
D) Foreign trade tariffs
  • 61. For how many years did the delegates agree to protect the slave trade to satisfy Southern interests?
A) 80 years
B) 50 years
C) 10 years
D) 20 years
  • 62. What fraction of slaves did the Three-Fifths Compromise allow states to count for representation?
A) Three-fifths
B) One-half
C) One-quarter
D) Two-thirds
  • 63. Who was a member of the Committee of Detail representing Massachusetts?
A) Nathaniel Gorham
B) Alexander Hamilton
C) Gouverneur Morris
D) Rufus King
  • 64. How many articles plus a preamble were in the constitution presented by the Committee of Detail?
A) Thirty-nine
B) Twelve
C) Twenty-three
D) Seven
  • 65. Who was a member of the Committee of Style and Arrangement representing New York?
A) Edmund Randolph
B) James Madison
C) John Rutledge
D) Alexander Hamilton
  • 66. Who was the primary author of the final draft's seven articles, preamble, and closing endorsement?
A) Benjamin Franklin
B) Alexander Hamilton
C) Gouverneur Morris
D) James Madison
  • 67. Who handwritten the original U.S. Constitution on five pages of parchment?
A) Gouverneur Morris
B) Alexander Hamilton
C) Benjamin Franklin
D) Jacob Shallus
  • 68. How many total delegates signed the Constitution?
A) Thirty-nine
B) Twenty-three
C) Twelve
D) Eleven
  • 69. How many state delegations agreed to the final proposal at the end of the convention, alongside the lone remaining delegate from New York?
A) Eleven
B) Twelve
C) Thirteen
D) Nine
  • 70. How did members of the Congress of the Confederation vote when forwarding the proposal to the states?
A) They rejected it
B) By a narrow majority
C) A two-thirds majority
D) Unanimously
  • 71. Which article of the proposed Constitution outlined the ratification process?
A) Article V
B) Article VII
C) Article I
D) Article III
  • 72. What fraction of states does nine out of thirteen represent?
A) A simple majority
B) A three-fourths majority
C) A two-thirds majority
D) Unanimous
  • 73. What were the supporters of the Constitution called?
A) Anti-Federalists
B) Republicans
C) Confederates
D) Federalists
  • 74. What were the opponents of the Constitution called?
A) Anti-Federalists
B) Nationalists
C) Loyalists
D) Federalists
  • 75. Which state was the first to ratify the Constitution?
A) New York
B) New Jersey
C) Delaware
D) Pennsylvania
  • 76. What was the vote count for Delaware's ratification?
A) 30-0
B) 13-0
C) 50-10
D) 46-23
  • 77. What was the vote count for Pennsylvania's ratification?
A) 50-25
B) 46-23
C) 30-0
D) 10-5
  • 78. What did the Federalists promise to add to secure individual liberties?
A) More land
B) A new president
C) A trade embargo
D) Amendments
  • 79. How much land did the Congress of Confederation agree to acquire for a permanent capital?
A) 50 square miles
B) 100 square miles
C) 10 square miles
D) 200 square miles
  • 80. What forced Rhode Island to ratify the Constitution?
A) A threatened trade embargo
B) A unanimous vote by Congress
C) The passage of the Bill of Rights
D) Pressure from New York
  • 81. In what year did Congress enact a new system regarding circuit and district courts?
A) 1789
B) 1891
C) 1795
D) 1796
  • 82. Under the 1891 system, what jurisdiction did district courts have?
A) Exclusive regional appeals jurisdiction
B) Discretionary jurisdiction
C) Pendent jurisdiction
D) Original jurisdiction
  • 83. What kind of jurisdiction does the Supreme Court hold regarding appeals after 1891?
A) Exclusive regional jurisdiction
B) Original jurisdiction
C) Discretionary jurisdiction
D) Mandatory circuit jurisdiction
  • 84. Did the framers contemplate the idea of judicial review?
A) No
B) Only the Supreme Court justices did
C) Yes
D) It was strictly forbidden by them
  • 85. By what doctrine do federal courts give 'full faith and credit' to State Courts?
A) Pendent jurisdiction
B) Res judicata
C) Judicial review
D) Discretionary jurisdiction
  • 86. Under what jurisdiction are two conflicting federal laws if one presents a strict constitutional issue?
A) Original jurisdiction
B) Circuit jurisdiction
C) Discretionary jurisdiction
D) Pendent jurisdiction
  • 87. Which amendment gave Congress the authority to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states?
A) Fourteenth Amendment
B) Sixteenth Amendment
C) Fifteenth Amendment
D) Seventeenth Amendment
  • 88. The Due Process Clause of the U.S. Constitution was partly based on common law and what historical document?
A) Virginia Charter of 1606
B) English Bill of Rights
C) Magna Carta
D) Petition of Right
  • 89. In what year was the Magna Carta signed?
A) 1776
B) 1808
C) 1215
D) 1689
  • 90. What did Thomas Jefferson maintain that most European governments were?
A) Autocratic monarchies
B) Direct democracies
C) Constitutional republics
D) Egalitarian federations
  • 91. What shared requirement is found in both the English Bill of Rights and the American Bill of Rights?
A) A federal income tax
B) A bicameral legislature
C) Universal suffrage
D) Jury trials
  • 92. Which historian and archaeologist claims the evidence of Haudenosaunee influence is largely coincidental and circumstantial?
A) Bruce Johansen
B) Philip Levy
C) Donald Grinde
D) John Napoleon Brinton Hewitt
  • 93. Who is noted as the most outspoken critic of the Haudenosaunee influence thesis?
A) Benjamin Franklin
B) William Starna
C) Elisabeth Tooker
D) Gouverneur Morris
  • 94. Where was John Napoleon Brinton Hewitt born?
A) Tuscarora Indian Reservation
B) Smithsonian Institution
C) Albany
D) Pennsylvania
  • 95. What was John Napoleon Brinton Hewitt's profession at the Smithsonian Institution's Bureau of Ethnology?
A) Archaeologist
B) Framers Committee Chair
C) Ethnologist
D) Constitutional Scholar
  • 96. Was the Albany Plan of Union accepted or rejected?
A) Adopted as the first 10 amendments
B) Rejected
C) Modified into the Preamble
D) Accepted unanimously
  • 97. What is the introductory paragraph of the Constitution called?
A) Article V
B) Albany Plan
C) Closing Endorsement
D) Preamble
  • 98. What do the seven Articles of the Constitution define?
A) The government's framework
B) The names of the 39 framers
C) The six goals of the Preamble
D) The Haudenosaunee Confederacy
  • 99. Which state was Gouverneur Morris from?
A) Tuscarora
B) Albany
C) New York
D) Pennsylvania
  • 100. What did Gouverneur Morris substitute in place of the names of the states?
A) 'of the United States'
B) 'our Posterity'
C) 'the Thirteen Colonies'
D) 'We the People'
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