A) Democratic government B) Centralized colonial government C) Decentralized government D) Federal government
A) The Archbishop B) The Alcalde Mayor C) The Governor-General D) The Gobernadorcillo
A) Rule by the friars B) Rule by the military C) Rule by the natives D) Rule by the merchants
A) Invention of the telegraph B) Opening of the Suez Canal C) Establishment of the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade D) Opening of the Panama Canal
A) Cedula Personal B) Polo y Servicio C) Tributo D) Indulto de Comercio
A) Mestizos B) Principalia C) Insulares D) Peninsulares
A) Katipunan Movement B) Propaganda Movement C) Secularization Movement D) Agrarian Reform Movement
A) Gomez, Burgos, and Rizal B) Bonifacio, Jacinto, and Aguinaldo C) Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora D) Del Pilar, Jaena, and Ponce
A) Government monopolies B) Land grabbing by religious orders C) Free land distribution D) Payment of taxes
A) They inspired him to write and advocate for reforms B) They convinced him to leave the country forever C) They led him to support the continuation of Spanish rule D) They made him indifferent to social problems
A) Rizal B) Mercado C) Realonda D) Alonso
A) Wise and learned B) Brave and strong C) Green field or land ready for harvest D) Faithful and devoted
A) Francisco Mercado B) Domingo Lam-co C) Gregorio Alonso D) Paciano Rizal
A) Saturnina Rizal B) Teodora Alonso C) His private tutor D) Leonor Rivera
A) 9 B) 12 C) 11 D) 10
A) Narcisa B) Paciano C) Manuel D) Trinidad
A) Principalia or educated middle class B) Indio class C) Working Class D) Peninsular class
A) Extravagance and wasteful spending B) Deep religious faith and piety C) Love for education and knowledge D) Discipline, honesty, and hard work
A) The death of his brother Paciano B) The false accusation and imprisonment of his mother C) The loss of their land in Calamba D) His expulsion from school
A) It explains where he got his wealth and fame B) It shows that his character, values, and patriotism were first formed and nurtured at home C) It proves that his family was the richest in the Philippines D) It explains why he decided to leave the country forever
A) Manila B) Calamba, Laguna C) Biñan, Laguna D) Santa Cruz, Manila
A) Uncle Gregorio B) Teodora Alonso C) Maestro Celestino D) Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz
A) Mi Último Adiós B) The Song of the Traveler C) Sa Aking Mga Kabata D) To the Filipino Youth
A) Uncle Gregorio B) Uncle Jose C) Uncle Antonio D) Uncle Manuel
A) Prepare immediately for Ateneo B) Learn trade skills C) Receive more advanced formal primary education D) Escape family problems
A) Justiniano Aquino Cruz B) Jose Guevarra C) Maestro Lucas Padua D) Maestro Celestino
A) He rebelled against all discipline B) Small in stature but consistently among the best in Spanish, Latin, and arithmetic C) He was often absent and uninterested D) He was the largest and strongest but slow in lessons
A) City life vs seafaring life B) Religion vs science C) Spanish vs English D) Home‑based moral formation vs school‑based discipline and language training
A) Equal land distribution to farmers B) Brief imprisonment of his mother and abuses by local officials/friars C) High‑quality free schools for all children D) Full freedom of speech
A) Built study habits, language skills, and independence needed for Manila B) Already written Noli Me Tangere C) Completed college‑level Latin D) Decided to study medicine abroad
A) Transfer from UST B) Execution of Gomburza priests C) Publication of Noli Me Tangere D) Return from studies in Spain
A) Franciscans B) Augustinians C) Jesuits D) Dominicans
A) Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez B) Dr. Federico Faura C) Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz D) Fr. Jose Villaclara
A) 1869 B) 1877 C) 1882 D) 1872
A) He hoped to cure his mother’s failing eyesight B) His father wanted him to join the clergy C) He disliked philosophy professors D) He wanted to prepare for military service
A) Sa Aking Mga Kabata B) A La Juventud Filipina C) El Consejo de los Dioses D) Mi Primera Inspiración
A) Too focused on arts and sports B) Rigid, lecture‑based, too dependent on rote memorization C) Interactive, discussion‑heavy, modern D) Lacking religious instruction entirely
A) Equal treatment of Peninsulares, Mestizos, and Indios B) Excessive modern laboratory facilities C) Racial discrimination and limited intellectual freedom D) Too many Filipino professors
A) Outperform Spanish students in classical literary contest B) Master only Tagalog poetic forms C) Practice medicine while writing D) Avoid religious themes entirely
A) Join an armed revolution B) Continue advanced studies free from UST and colonial restrictions C) Escape family debt D) Avoid military conscription
A) Save money on travel documents B) Hide his plan to join a revolution C) Avoid opposition from friars & conservative family members D) Prevent his brother Paciano from knowing
A) Specialize in ophthalmology for his mother B) Study liberal ideas & observe free societies C) Earn Licentiate in Medicine & Philosophy‑Letters D) Recruit soldiers for an armed uprising
A) Medicine; Philosophy & Letters B) History & Geography C) Engineering & Fine Arts D) Law & Political Science
A) Selling family land in Calamba B) Spanish government scholarship C) Remittances from brother Paciano; tutoring & writing D) Grants from the Propaganda Movement
A) Freedom of speech, press, & open debate B) Ban on religious instruction C) Free tuition for all foreigners D) Total absence of social classes
A) Amor Patrio B) The Philippines a Century Hence C) The Indolence of the Filipinos D) To the Filipino Youth
A) Founding of the Propaganda Movement & newspaper La Solidaridad B) A secret armed lodge C) A religious order D) A business trading company
A) Rejection of all tradition B) Stronger colonial control C) Free inquiry, public education, & rule of law D) Wealth alone
A) Paris (Dr. de Wecker) & Heidelberg (Dr. Becker) B) London & Rome C) Berlin & Dresden D) Brussels & Amsterdam
A) Gained freedom to plan, research, & draft safely away from Manila censorship B) Finished printing the full book C) Received official Spanish permission to publish D) Met the characters who appear in the novel
A) University of Paris B) Universidad Central de Madrid C) University of Heidelberg D) University of Berlin
A) Dr. Federico Faura B) Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt C) Dr. Louis de Wecker D) Dr. Otto Becker
A) Art & business B) Law & religion C) German scenery & longing for Calamba D) Science & revolution
A) Paris B) Berlin C) Madrid D) Heidelberg
A) Only Spanish & Tagalog B) Fluent in 2‑3 languages only C) Fluent in several; could read/translate more than 10 including Latin, Greek, Hebrew D) He never mastered German
A) Traveled to many countries B) Achieved high competence across medicine, sciences, arts, languages, & history C) Earned only one degree but practiced many jobs D) Refused to specialize
A) Dr. Otto Becker B) Dr. Louis de Wecker C) Dr. Miguel Morayta D) Dr. Maximo Viola
A) Engineering & architecture only B) Anthropology, geography, geology, chemistry, & hygiene C) Military science & strategy D) Pure mathematics & astronomy
A) Heidelberg B) Madrid C) Berlin D) Paris
A) As a way to impress Europeans B) As something to abandon after returning home C) As complementary tools to understand & serve his people D) As separate, unrelated hobbies
A) Rejection of all forms of government B) Return to medieval feudal systems C) Reason, scientific inquiry, natural rights, & human progress D) Absolute faith in tradition & divine right
A) Filipinos are naturally inferior B) Environment & education shape character; “indolence” is learned, not inborn C) Revolution is never justified D) Rights come only from kings
A) The existence of courts B) Education for common citizens C) Too many elected officials D) Mixing religious, executive, & judicial power in friars & colonial authorities
A) International friendship B) Scientific societies C) Blind fanaticism, hypocrisy, & censorship D) Secular education
A) Abolition of all laws B) Unchecked individualism C) Popular sovereignty & government by consent D) Superiority of European customs
A) John Stuart Mill B) Immanuel Kant C) Mazzini D) Victor Hugo
A) Conservative clergy B) Mercantilist economists C) Military strategists D) Locke, Rousseau, & Enlightenment faith in learning
A) Exclusive elite schooling B) Teaching only religious dogma C) Foreign control of curriculum D) Public, secular‑minded education as foundation of progress
A) Copying laws & constitutions exactly B) Blind acceptance of all foreign theories C) Total rejection of Western thought D) Critical selection & adaptation to Philippine history & culture
A) Spanish military academies B) Freemasonry C) The guild system D) The Jesuit order |