Holocaust denial - Quiz
Holocaust denial
  • 1. Which of the following is cited as a motivation for Holocaust denial?
A) Antisemitism
B) Economic reform
C) Scientific curiosity
D) Religious conversion
  • 2. According to Enzo Traverso, why might some people believe the Holocaust is a myth?
A) To support German economic growth
B) To defend the interests of Israel and its allies
C) To promote global peace
D) To hide evidence of military defeat
  • 3. How do some scholars describe the prevalence of Holocaust denial?
A) As a rapidly growing mainstream movement
B) As a required academic subject
C) As a dominant global ideology
D) As a fringe belief
  • 4. Who argues that denial was originally invented by the perpetrators as a means of genocide?
A) Isaac Schneersohn
B) Lawrence Douglas
C) Enzo Traverso
D) Friedrich Jeckeln
  • 5. What did Nazis often use to disguise trucks carrying Zyklon B?
A) Red Cross symbols
B) Medical supply markings
C) Food delivery labels
D) Military insignias
  • 6. How did Himmler describe the Holocaust in the Posen speeches?
A) A regrettable accident of war
B) An unnamed and never to be named page of glory
C) A secret humanitarian effort
D) A necessary military strategy
  • 7. What were victims often told to convince them they were being resettled?
A) They were entering harmless showers
B) They were being relocated to safer cities
C) They were going to a labor camp
D) They were being sent to neutral territory
  • 8. What did Heinrich Himmler instruct camp commandants to do as defeat became imminent?
A) Surrender to the Allies
B) Evacuate prisoners to Germany
C) Destroy records and crematoria
D) Publish accurate accountings of deaths
  • 9. What happened to the bodies of the 25,000 Latvian Jews killed at Rumbula?
A) They were left in their original locations
B) They were buried in mass graves
C) They were dug up and burned in 1943
D) They were moved to Treblinka
  • 10. Why did French authorities destroy the archive of Jewish arrests at Liberation?
A) Because of a lack of storage space
B) To avoid culpability and protect the state
C) Under orders from the German military
D) To prevent Nazis from finding them
  • 11. What did the National Office for Veterans and Victims of War do with Drancy camp records?
A) Distributed them to Jewish organizations
B) Published them immediately
C) Destroyed them to save space
D) Held them in secret
  • 12. Who founded a center in 1943 to document the persecution of Jews?
A) Friedrich Jeckeln
B) Lawrence Douglas
C) Enzo Traverso
D) Isaac Schneersohn
  • 13. Where were 40 representatives from Jewish organizations gathered in 1943?
A) Riga
B) Grenoble
C) Drancy
D) Paris
  • 14. What was the result of the center established by Isaac Schneersohn in 1943?
A) It immediately published its findings
B) It successfully saved all French archives
C) It was closed by the Italian occupiers
D) Little happened before liberation due to the risk of death
  • 15. What is the name of the organization formed in Paris in late 1944?
A) CDJC
B) The National Office for Veterans
C) The Rumbula Preservation Society
D) The Historical Defense Council
  • 16. Which of the following is a common false claim made by Holocaust deniers?
A) Historical evidence supports the denial of genocide
B) The 'Final Solution' was only intended for deportation
C) Nazi Germany failed to organize a systematic bureaucracy
D) The Holocaust was limited to the Soviet Union
  • 17. What role did the Institute for Historical Review play in Holocaust denial?
A) Legitimized the Holocaust in European schools
B) Published peer-reviewed evidence of Nazi atrocities
C) Funded the original research of the Final Solution
D) Provided a pseudo-scholarly platform
  • 18. Which country is described as the leading state sponsor of Holocaust denial?
A) Germany
B) Iran
C) France
D) Canada
  • 19. What is the difference between Holocaust denial and legitimate historical revisionism?
A) Denial focuses on interpreting causes and consequences
B) Denial relies on a predetermined conclusion ignoring evidence
C) Revisionism denies the existence of gas chambers
D) Revisionism is considered a serious societal crime
  • 20. What term do Holocaust deniers prefer to use instead of 'denial'?
A) Negationism
B) Revisionism
C) Discourse analysis
D) Historical re-examination
  • 21. What did the United Nations General Assembly do in 2007 and 2022?
A) Officially endorsed historical revisionist studies
B) Established a fund for Holocaust cartoon contests
C) Investigated the claims of the Institute for Historical Review
D) Adopted resolutions condemning Holocaust denial
  • 22. What is an example of 'Holocaust trivialization' mentioned in the text?
A) The study of Jewish responses to persecution
B) The documentation of Hitler's specific role
C) Contrived comparisons like 'atomic Holocaust'
D) The accurate counting of victims in death camps
  • 23. What did Eisenhower order German villagers to do after visiting the camps?
A) Bury the dead
B) Clean the barracks
C) Build a memorial
D) Testify in court
  • 24. When were the Nuremberg trials held?
A) 1945–1946
B) 1939–1945
C) 1943–1944
D) 1946–1947
  • 25. Which 1961 film contained graphic newsreel footage of concentration camp victims?
A) The Diary of Anne Frank
B) Judgment at Nuremberg
C) The Great Dictator
D) Schindler's List
  • 26. What event fifteen years after Nuremberg finally riveted the world's attention to the Holocaust?
A) The liberation of the camps
B) The Eichmann trial
C) The end of the Cold War
D) The publication of the CDJC archives
  • 27. In what year was Adolf Eichmann captured by the Israeli government?
A) 1939
B) 1961
C) 1945
D) 1955
  • 28. Where was Adolf Eichmann captured?
A) Argentina
B) Israel
C) Poland
D) Germany
  • 29. Who was the chief prosecutor during the trial of Adolf Eichmann?
A) Gideon Hausner
B) Joachim Neander
C) Randal Marlin
D) Victor Cavendish-Bentinck
  • 30. Who was the chairman of the British Joint Intelligence Committee during the relevant period?
A) Gideon Hausner
B) Randal Marlin
C) Victor Cavendish-Bentinck
D) Joachim Neander
  • 31. Who is credited as the first person to openly write about doubting the reality of the Holocaust after World War II?
A) Joseph Goebbels
B) Adolf Hitler
C) Paul Rassinier
D) Maurice Bardèche
  • 32. Which individual's tale influenced Bardèche's 1950 book?
A) Paul Rassinier
B) A Nazi general
C) A French resistance leader
D) An Allied prosecutor
  • 33. What was Paul Rassinier's background before he became a Holocaust denier?
A) A communist politician
B) A deportee from Nazi concentration camps
C) An art critic
D) A German SS officer
  • 34. In his 1950 book, who did Bardèche claim were worse than the SS?
A) The camp doctors
B) The prisoners
C) The Allied soldiers
D) Kapos
  • 35. What did Bardèche claim was the primary purpose of gas in Auschwitz?
A) Killing prisoners
B) Sterilization of equipment
C) Killing lice
D) Creating medical experiments
  • 36. What did Bardèche claim caused disorganization in Nazi camps?
A) Lack of supplies
B) German defeats
C) Allied bombing raids
D) Prisoner revolts
  • 37. During which decades was Bardèche's work deemed influential for the European far-right?
A) 1940s–1950s
B) 1950s–1960s
C) 1970s–1980s
D) 1930s–1940s
  • 38. What type of structures did Bardèche introduce into his writings?
A) Democratic governing structures
B) Neo-fascist ideological structures
C) Artistic critique frameworks
D) Communist party mandates
  • 39. What was Harry Elmer Barnes's professional background before his later years?
A) A German government official
B) A professional propagandist
C) A mainstream American historian
D) A French war correspondent
  • 40. Who headed the Centre for the Study of the Causes of the War?
A) Paul Rassinier
B) Harry Elmer Barnes
C) Major Alfred von Wegerer
D) An unnamed Allied diplomat
  • 41. In which publication did Barnes write his 1964 article titled 'Zionist Fraud'?
A) The American Mercury
B) The Historical Review
C) The New York Times
D) The European Journal
  • 42. Who published 'Der erzwungene Krieg' (The Forced War) in 1961?
A) David L. Hoggan
B) Arthur Butz
C) Paul Rassinier
D) Austin App
  • 43. How many German Jews were actually murdered in the Kristallnacht according to the text?
A) Zero
B) 1,000
C) 10
D) 91
  • 44. Which publisher published 'The Myth of the Six Million'?
A) Northwestern University Press
B) La Salle University Press
C) Noontide Press
D) Le Monde
  • 45. Who is considered the first major mainstream American Holocaust denier?
A) Arthur Butz
B) Austin App
C) David L. Hoggan
D) Robert Faurisson
  • 46. What was Austin App's profession?
A) Journalist
B) Medieval English literature professor
C) Electrical engineering professor
D) History professor
  • 47. In what year was the Institute for Historical Review founded?
A) 1964
B) 1976
C) 1961
D) 1978
  • 48. Who published 'The Hoax of the Twentieth Century' in 1976?
A) Robert Faurisson
B) David L. Hoggan
C) Jean-Claude Pressac
D) Arthur Butz
  • 49. Where did Robert Faurisson write letters in 1978 and 1979 claiming Nazi gas chambers did not exist?
A) The New York Times
B) Northwestern University journal
C) Institute for Historical Review newsletter
D) Le Monde
  • 50. Who was a colleague of Robert Faurisson who later published evidence of the Holocaust?
A) David L. Hoggan
B) Arthur Butz
C) Austin App
D) Jean-Claude Pressac
  • 51. Who described Arthur Butz's view of the Holocaust as an 'embarrassment to Northwestern'?
A) Henry Bienen
B) Austin App
C) Jean-Claude Pressac
D) Robert Faurisson
  • 52. How many colleagues signed a censure against Arthur Butz in 2006?
A) Sixty
B) Ninety-one
C) Ten
D) Five
  • 53. Who founded the Institute for Historical Review in 1978?
A) Paul Rassinier
B) Austin App
C) Willis Carto
D) Harry Elmer Barnes
  • 54. What was the amount of the reward offered by the IHR in 1980 for proof that Jews were gassed at Auschwitz?
A) $10,000
B) $100,000
C) $90,000
D) $50,000
  • 55. Who sued the IHR after they refused to pay the reward for evidence of gas chambers?
A) Robert A. Wenke
B) Thomas T. Johnson
C) Mel Mermelstein
D) William John Cox
  • 56. Which judge took judicial notice of the fact that Jews were gassed at Auschwitz?
A) Robert A. Wenke
B) William John Cox
C) Willis Carto
D) Thomas T. Johnson
  • 57. What was the final monetary amount the IHR was required to pay Mel Mermelstein in the 1985 judgment?
A) $100,000
B) $50,000
C) $40,000
D) $90,000
  • 58. Who was the public interest attorney representing Mel Mermelstein in his lawsuit against the IHR?
A) Richard J. Evans
B) James J. Martin
C) Harry Elmer Barnes
D) William John Cox
  • 59. Whose writings did the IHR republish because they had been out of print since his death?
A) Paul Rassinier
B) Austin App
C) Harry Elmer Barnes
D) James J. Martin
  • 60. What was James Keegstra's profession?
A) University professor
B) High-school teacher
C) Lawyer
D) Political activist
  • 61. In what year was James Keegstra charged?
A) 1984
B) 1980
C) 1990
D) 1975
  • 62. Which legal code was Keegstra charged under?
A) American Penal Code
B) International Human Rights Law
C) Alberta Education Act
D) Canadian Criminal Code
  • 63. Who was James Keegstra's lawyer?
A) James Keegstra represented himself
B) The Supreme Court assigned him counsel
C) Doug Christie
D) He refused legal representation
  • 64. What was the Supreme Court of Canada's final ruling on the case?
A) Restored his conviction
B) Declared the law unconstitutional
C) Upheld his acquittal
D) Referred the case to a lower court
  • 65. What was the vote margin of the Supreme Court of Canada?
A) 3–4 minority
B) 4–3 majority
C) Unanimous
D) 5–2 majority
  • 66. Under what section of the Charter did the Supreme Court justify restricting hatred?
A) Section 1
B) Section 7
C) Section 2(b)
D) Section 15
  • 67. What was the name of Ernst Zündel's small-press publishing company?
A) Focal Point Publishing
B) Samisdat Publishers
C) Ontario Press
D) Liberty Books
  • 68. Who wrote 'Did Six Million Really Die?' under the pseudonym Richard Harwood?
A) Richard Verrall
B) David Irving
C) Ernst Zündel
D) Fred A. Leuchter
  • 69. In what year was Zündel first convicted for 'disseminating and publishing material denying the Holocaust'?
A) 2002
B) 1992
C) 1988
D) 1985
  • 70. Who was the Holocaust historian that served as a prosecution witness in the 1985 trial?
A) Douglas Christie
B) Raul Hilberg
C) David Irving
D) Robert Faurisson
  • 71. Which of these individuals was a defense witness in Zündel's 1988 trial?
A) Ingrid Zündel
B) Barbara Kulaszka
C) Fred A. Leuchter
D) Raul Hilberg
  • 72. What led to the overturning of Zündel's conviction in 1992?
A) He was granted refugee status
B) The prosecution withdrew the charges
C) The Supreme Court declared the 'false news' law unconstitutional
D) New evidence surfaced proving the Holocaust
  • 73. In 2003, why was Zündel arrested in Tennessee?
A) Breaking his parole
B) Immigration violations
C) Assaulting a police officer
D) Publishing hate speech in the US
  • 74. To which country was Zündel deported in 2005?
A) France
B) Canada
C) Germany
D) Britain
  • 75. What is the name of the German law under which Zündel was convicted for incitement in 2007?
A) Volksverhetzung
B) Human Rights Act
C) False News Act
D) Samisdat Law
  • 76. What was the maximum sentence Zündel received in 2007?
A) Fifteen months
B) Ten years
C) Five years
D) One year
  • 77. Which company published the Leuchter report in Britain in 1989?
A) Samisdat Publishers
B) Focal Point Publishing
C) Ontario Court Press
D) Canadian Human Rights Tribunal
  • 78. Which Italian Holocaust denier did Ernst Nolte treat as a serious historian?
A) Carlo Mattogno
B) Fred Leuchter
C) Robert Faurisson
D) Otto Dov Kulka
  • 79. In his 1987 book, how did Nolte describe the intentions of Holocaust deniers?
A) Purely academic
B) Dangerous and illegal
C) Often honourable
D) Entirely malicious
  • 80. Which conference did Nolte claim never happened?
A) Yalta Conference
B) Wannsee Conference
C) Munich Conference
D) Potsdam Conference
  • 81. Who did Nolte blame for the supposed forgery of the Wannsee Conference minutes?
A) The United Nations
B) The Allied powers
C) The French government
D) Biased Jewish historians
  • 82. Which British historian argued that Nolte was operating on the borderlines of Holocaust denial?
A) Otto Dov Kulka
B) Richard J. Evans
C) Deborah Lipstadt
D) Ian Kershaw
  • 83. Who stated that Ernst Nolte is an anti-Semite who attempts to rehabilitate Hitler by comparing him to Stalin?
A) Ian Kershaw
B) Richard J. Evans
C) Deborah Lipstadt
D) Otto Dov Kulka
  • 84. What is the title of the book published by Arno J. Mayer in 1988?
A) The Holocaust Denial
B) Why Did the Heavens Not Darken?
C) The Destruction of the Jews
D) Hitler's War
  • 85. Who described Mayer's statements about Auschwitz as a "breathtaking assertion"?
A) Lucy Dawidowicz
B) David Irving
C) Deborah Lipstadt
D) Robert Jan van Pelt
  • 86. Who claimed that Mayer's book is as close as a mainstream historian has come to supporting Holocaust denial?
A) Alex Grobman
B) Yehuda Bauer
C) Robert Jan van Pelt
D) Michael Shermer
  • 87. Does Mayer's book explicitly deny the use of gas chambers at Auschwitz?
A) No
B) Only for some camps
C) Yes, explicitly
D) Yes, in the introduction
  • 88. How did Yehuda Bauer describe Mayer's argument that Jews were collateral damage in the Nazi fight against Marxism?
A) A historical necessity
B) Nonsense
C) Groundbreaking research
D) A factual analysis
  • 89. What did Mayer argue was missing from his book according to Yehuda Bauer?
A) Proper citations of gas chambers
B) A focus on German warfare
C) A proper scientific apparatus
D) An explanation of Allied crimes
  • 90. What do Holocaust denial authors focus on in countries where denying the Holocaust is illegal?
A) The neutrality of Switzerland
B) Allied war crimes
C) The economic impact of the war
D) The failures of the Nuremberg trials
  • 91. What term does Deborah Lipstadt use to describe the comparison of Allied actions to the Holocaust?
A) Immoral equivalencies
B) The double standard
C) Axis propaganda
D) Historical revisionism
  • 92. In his review of 'Hitler's War', who argued that David Irving implied moral equivalence between the Axis and Allies?
A) Robert Jan van Pelt
B) Martin Broszat
C) Deborah Lipstadt
D) Lucy Dawidowicz
  • 93. Who is susceptible to Holocaust denial propaganda according to the text?
A) Only the elderly
B) No one is susceptible
C) Only those without an education
D) Well-educated individuals
  • 94. What happens to the audience's belief when exposed to denial information?
A) Disbelief grows
B) They remain neutral
C) They ignore the information
D) Belief strengthens
  • 95. Which band is mentioned as contributing to the glorification of the Ustasha regime in Croatia?
A) The Jasenovac Collective.
B) The Arrow Cross ensemble.
C) The Zagreb Philharmonic.
D) Thompson.
  • 96. What is the 'Za dom spremni' phrase associated with in Croatia?
A) A national anthem.
B) An anti-fascist slogan.
C) A Jewish liberation movement.
D) The Ustasha-era salute.
  • 97. What armed force in Serbia was involved in the mass killings of Jews, Roma, Croats, and Muslims?
A) The Chetniks
B) The Ustaše
C) The Red Army
D) The Partisans
  • 98. Who was the vice-president of Vlaams Blok who cast doubt on the number of Jews murdered in the Holocaust?
A) Alfred Schaefer
B) Roeland Raes
C) Monika Schaefer
D) Sylvia Stolz
  • 99. Under what new name did the members of the former Vlaams Blok reform?
A) Vlaams Recht
B) Vlaams Nieuw
C) Vlaams Belang
D) Vlaams Vooruit
  • 100. What is the French term for Holocaust denial that became prominent in the 1990s?
A) Négationnisme
B) Revisionisme
C) Oubli
D) Dissidence
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