History of pseudoscience - Quiz
History of pseudoscience
  • 1. Which of the following was a notable development in pseudoscience during the 20th century?
A) The formulation of quantum mechanics
B) The discovery of penicillin
C) The rise of Creationism
D) The invention of the microscope
  • 2. What demised in the 20th century according to the text?
A) Ancient astronaut theories
B) Creationism
C) Spiritualism
D) Reflexology
  • 3. What theory saw its first formulation in the 20th century?
A) The modern evolutionary synthesis
B) Ancient astronaut theories
C) The theory of relativity
D) Germ theory
  • 4. When was reflexology introduced in the US?
A) 1987
B) 1968
C) 1991
D) 1913
  • 5. Under what initial name was reflexology introduced in the US in 1913?
A) Foot mapping
B) Zone therapy
C) Energy balancing
D) Life force healing
  • 6. What concept does reflexology rely on regarding an undetectable life force?
A) It connects various parts of the body to the feet, hands, and ears
B) It purifies blood through the palms
C) It channels energy solely through the spine
D) It connects the brain directly to the heart
  • 7. Who began opposing the teaching of the theory of evolution in American public schools?
A) Soviet scientists
B) Erich von Däniken and Zecharia Sitchin
C) Skeptical foundations
D) American fundamentalist Christians
  • 8. Which famous trial notoriously upheld a law against teaching the theory of evolution?
A) The Space Race Trial
B) The Scopes Trial
C) The Skeptics Trial
D) The Genesis Trial
  • 9. What historical event caused a renewed interest in science in the second half of the 20th century in the USA?
A) The publication of Chariots of the Gods?
B) The invention of the internet
C) The Scopes Trial
D) The Space Race
  • 10. Why did stricter science standards lead to the re-introduction of evolution in the curriculum?
A) Pressure from young Earth creationists
B) Worry that the USA was falling behind on the Soviet Union
C) The findings of the James Randi Educational Foundation
D) The collapse of spiritualism
  • 11. Why were laws against teaching evolution eventually ruled unconstitutional?
A) They violated the separation of church and state
B) They conflicted with reflexology principles
C) They violated international space treaties
D) They were opposed by Erich von Däniken
  • 12. What did Christian fundamentalists produce in an attempt to evade the ruling against anti-evolution laws?
A) A supposedly secular alternative to evolution called Creationism
B) Ancient astronaut literature
C) A scientific guide on zone therapy
D) Skeptical foundations
  • 13. Who wrote the influential young Earth creationist publication The Genesis Flood?
A) Erich von Däniken and Zecharia Sitchin
B) John C. Whitcomb and Henry M. Morris
C) John C. Whitcomb and Erich von Däniken
D) James Randi and Henry M. Morris
  • 14. What core idea is shared by all versions of ancient astronaut theories?
A) Humans originated on Mars and migrated to Earth via space travel
B) The Earth is young and was flooded globally
C) Extraterrestrials created reflexology in ancient times
D) Intelligent extraterrestrials visited Earth in the distant past and made contact with humans
  • 15. When did popular authors like Erich von Däniken and Zecharia Sitchin begin publishing ancient astronaut theories?
A) The 1960s
B) The 1910s
C) The 1990s
D) The 1980s
  • 16. Which notable publication in the ancient astronaut genre appeared in 1968?
A) Stichting Skepsis
B) Chariots of the Gods?
C) Zone Therapy
D) The Genesis Flood
  • 17. Why were prominent skeptical foundations formed late in the 20th century?
A) To advance zone therapy
B) To support young Earth creationism
C) To promote ancient astronaut theories
D) To counter the growth of pseudosciences
  • 18. In what year was the Center for Inquiry founded?
A) 1996
B) 1991
C) 1992
D) 1976
  • 19. In what year was The Skeptics Society founded?
A) 1987
B) 1992
C) 1991
D) 1996
  • 20. Which of the following US skeptical foundations was founded in 1996?
A) The James Randi Educational Foundation
B) The Skeptics Society
C) The Center for Inquiry
D) The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
  • 21. Which other skeptical foundation was also founded in 1996 in the US alongside the James Randi Educational Foundation?
A) The Center for Inquiry
B) Stichting Skepsis
C) The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
D) The New England Skeptical Society
  • 22. In what year was the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry founded?
A) 1987
B) 1991
C) 1992
D) 1976
  • 23. What happened to the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry in 1991?
A) It merged with The Skeptics Society
B) It was disbanded permanently
C) It relocated to the Netherlands
D) It became part of the Center for Inquiry
  • 24. What is the name of the skeptical foundation founded in the Netherlands in 1987?
A) The New England Skeptical Society
B) The Skeptics Society
C) The James Randi Educational Foundation
D) Stichting Skepsis
  • 25. Which of these organizations was founded first?
A) The Skeptics Society
B) The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
C) The James Randi Educational Foundation
D) The Center for Inquiry
  • 26. How does a pseudoscience present itself?
A) As a religion
B) As politics
C) As science
D) As art
  • 27. What is one popular proposal for demarcation between proper science and pseudoscience?
A) The popularity index
B) The ideological standard
C) The falsification criterion
D) The geographical origin
  • 28. Who notably contributed to the falsification criterion?
A) Karl Popper
B) Harry Houdini
C) Ignaz von Peczely
D) Samuel Hahnemann
  • 29. Which science traces its origins from the protoscience of alchemy?
A) Psychiatry
B) Chemistry
C) Neuroscience
D) Astronomy
  • 30. Lysenkoism developed as part of what?
A) A religious movement
B) An ideology
C) A literary device
D) Mainstream medicine
  • 31. Which pseudoscience remains popular despite being rejected by a large majority of scientists?
A) Lysenkoism
B) Astrology
C) Phrenology
D) Spirit photography
  • 32. When did Spiritualism trace its origins in America?
A) 1882
B) 1796
C) 1848
D) 1800
  • 33. When was homeopathy first formulated?
A) 1848
B) 1881
C) 1796
D) 1877
  • 34. Around what year was phrenology developed?
A) 1882
B) 1850
C) 1796
D) 1800
  • 35. What 19th-century pseudoscientific belief involved visible features on Mars?
A) Oceans
B) Canals
C) Craters
D) Pyramids
  • 36. When was phrenology prevailingly abandoned by the scientific community?
A) At the beginning of the 18th century
B) In the late 20th century
C) When Harry Houdini started performing
D) Halfway through the 19th century
  • 37. Who invented iridology halfway through the 19th century?
A) Karl Popper
B) Samuel Hahnemann
C) Ignatius L. Donnelly
D) Ignaz von Peczely
  • 38. What was the nationality of Ignaz von Peczely?
A) Hungarian
B) Italian
C) Dutch
D) German
  • 39. Who began claiming the ability to communicate with the dead in 1848, launching American Spiritualism?
A) Plato and Harry Houdini
B) Ignaz von Peczely and Samuel Hahnemann
C) Giovanni Schiaparelli and Ignatius L. Donnelly
D) The Fox sisters
  • 40. Until what decade did the religious movement of Spiritualism remain popular?
A) The 1920s
B) The 1970s
C) The 1890s
D) The 1850s
  • 41. Who began exposing famous mediums and other performers as frauds?
A) Harry Houdini
B) Karl Popper
C) Samuel Hahnemann
D) Ignaz von Peczely
  • 42. Who formulated the principles of homeopathy in 1796?
A) Ignaz von Peczely
B) Samuel Hahnemann
C) Ignatius L. Donnelly
D) Giovanni Schiaparelli
  • 43. What was the nationality of Samuel Hahnemann?
A) Italian
B) Dutch
C) Hungarian
D) German
  • 44. What primitive technique did mainstream medicine use when homeopathy was formulated?
A) Spirit photography
B) Phrenology
C) Bloodletting
D) Skull measurement
  • 45. What did homeopathic medicine essentially consist of due to extreme dilution?
A) Undiluted toxins
B) Strong chemicals
C) Ectoplasm
D) Water
  • 46. During which decade did homeopathic institutions and schools spread across the US and Europe?
A) The 1880s
B) The 1790s
C) The 1920s
D) The 1830s
  • 47. Who first reported the supposed Martian canals in 1877?
A) Ignatius L. Donnelly
B) Karl Popper
C) Giovanni Schiaparelli
D) Harry Houdini
  • 48. What was the nationality of Giovanni Schiaparelli?
A) Dutch
B) Hungarian
C) German
D) Italian
  • 49. Who wrote the 1882 book 'Atlantis: The Antediluvian World'?
A) Ignaz von Peczely
B) Ignatius L. Donnelly
C) Giovanni Schiaparelli
D) Samuel Hahnemann
  • 50. What was Ignatius L. Donnelly's profession besides author?
A) Astronomer
B) Magician
C) Politician
D) Physician
  • 51. Who first mentioned Atlantis as a literary device in two of his dialogues?
A) Harry Houdini
B) Ignaz von Peczely
C) Plato
D) Karl Popper
  • 52. In what year was the Dutch Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij formed?
A) 1881
B) 1882
C) 1796
D) 1848
  • 53. When did studies show the Flat Earth theory actually began?
A) Thousands of years ago
B) The 1990s
C) The 21st century
D) The 2000s
  • 54. What allowed the Flat Earth theory to spread much quicker in the 1990s?
A) Global newspapers
B) Television broadcasting
C) The internet starting up
D) Social media platforms
  • 55. What was the name of the trial where Intelligent Design suffered a major legal defeat?
A) Brown v. Board of Education
B) Roe v. Wade
C) Scopes v. State
D) Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District
  • 56. Teaching Intelligent Design in public schools violates which amendment's Establishment Clause?
A) First Amendment
B) Fifth Amendment
C) Fourth Amendment
D) Second Amendment
  • 57. In what year was the NOVA production Judgment Day: Intelligent Design on Trial released?
A) 2010
B) 2007
C) 2009
D) 2003
  • 58. What is the scientific consensus regarding vaccination and autism?
A) There is strong scientific proof supporting the link.
B) There is a broad scientific consensus against the link.
C) Vaccines definitely cause autism.
D) Scientists are undecided.
  • 59. Which celebrity joined the debate claiming vaccines cause autism because her son has autism?
A) Oprah Winfrey
B) Gwyneth Paltrow
C) Jenny McCarthy
D) Angelina Jolie
  • 60. Who published the original research supposedly indicating a link between vaccines and autism?
A) Andrew Wakefield
B) Charles Darwin
C) John E. Jones III
D) Erich von Däniken
  • 61. What was Andrew Wakefield's profession?
A) Chemist
B) Astrologer
C) Physicist
D) Surgeon
  • 62. In what month and year was Andrew Wakefield reported to have fixed the data by The Sunday Times?
A) May 2010
B) March 2007
C) December 2003
D) February 2009
  • 63. Which newspaper reported that Andrew Wakefield fixed the data?
A) The Sunday Times
B) The Washington Post
C) The New York Times
D) The Guardian
  • 64. When did the General Medical Council hearing begin to examine charges of professional misconduct against Andrew Wakefield?
A) February 2009
B) May 2010
C) 2003
D) March 2007
  • 65. On what date was Andrew Wakefield struck off the United Kingdom medical register?
A) 24 May 2010
B) 1 January 2000
C) 15 March 2007
D) 10 February 2009
  • 66. In what year did Erich von Däniken's Mystery Park open?
A) 2010
B) 2007
C) 1990
D) 2003
  • 67. How many visitors a year was Erich von Däniken's Mystery Park expected to receive?
A) 50,000
B) 500,000
C) 1,000,000
D) 100,000
  • 68. In what year did Erich von Däniken's Mystery Park close due to financial difficulties?
A) 2010
B) 2003
C) 2009
D) 2006
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