Indigenous architecture - Quiz
Indigenous architecture
  • 1. How does Rau Hoskins define Māori architecture?
A) Architectural designs created only by Māori architects
B) Strictly as traditional meeting houses and shrines
C) Only buildings constructed with natural materials
D) Anything involving a Māori client with a Māori focus
  • 2. According to the text, what is the key to how Māori architecture manifests?
A) The size of the land available
B) The architectural budget and timeline
C) The kaupapa and client's aspirations
D) The use of specific traditional carvings
  • 3. When did marae complexes begin being built in urban areas?
A) From the 1960s
B) During the 1920s
C) Since the 1980s
D) Only within the last decade
  • 4. What does the term 'wāhi tapu' mean in relation to a marae?
A) Sleeping quarters
B) Sacred place
C) Shared kitchen
D) Meeting ground
  • 5. Which of the following is identified as a type of building found in a contemporary marae?
A) Whare ora (health centre)
B) Sports stadium
C) Private hotel
D) Retail shopping centre
  • 6. What is the typical layout of a meeting house according to the text?
A) One large space with a porch and one door and window in front
B) A circular building with multiple entrances
C) Multiple small rooms surrounding a central courtyard
D) An open-air pavilion with no walls
  • 7. Where did the construction of marae expand to in the 1980s?
A) Private suburban homes and apartment complexes
B) Public parks and industrial warehouses
C) International airports and government embassies
D) Prisons, schools and universities
  • 8. Which building is listed as a notable project in the provided text?
A) Futuna Chapel
B) Te Papa Museum
C) Auckland War Memorial Museum
D) Sky Tower
  • 9. What is the function of a marae in a contemporary context?
A) Hosting events like weddings and funerals
B) Serving as a commercial marketplace
C) Exclusively for government council meetings
D) Providing permanent housing for the general public
  • 10. What are 'papa kāinga' as described in the text?
A) Educational research centres
B) Religious temples
C) Traditional fishing ports
D) Domestic Māori villages
  • 11. What is a primary characteristic of Indigenous housing in many parts of Australia?
A) Strict adherence to building codes
B) Acute shortage of dwellings
C) Abundance of modern apartments
D) Uniform architectural styles
  • 12. What is a major reason for the difficulty in limiting overcrowding in Indigenous housing?
A) Rapid population growth
B) Excessive land availability
C) Lack of building materials
D) Resistance from Indigenous communities
  • 13. What does the cultural design model aim to incorporate into housing?
A) Western industrial standards
B) Global architectural trends
C) Governmental administrative preferences
D) Indigenous Australian cultural norms
  • 14. According to Western academics, why have many Indigenous Australian housing projects failed?
A) High costs of specialized labor
B) Lack of political will to build
C) Failure to recognize diverse cultural housing needs
D) Use of environmentally friendly materials
  • 15. What is one consequence of inappropriate housing and town planning mentioned by Ross?
A) Reduction of construction costs
B) Easier maintenance of households
C) Improvement of infrastructure
D) Disruption of social organization
  • 16. Which of these is a cultural factor mentioned as relevant to housing design?
A) Personal storage capacity
B) Avoidance behaviours
C) Internet connectivity
D) Parking space requirements
  • 17. How should each Indigenous housing design project be approached, according to the literature?
A) Independently
B) Using standardized blueprints
C) Through a singular national design
D) By copying urban city models
  • 18. How many 'healthy housing principles' are there in the 'Housing for Health' methodology?
A) Ten
B) Nine
C) Twelve
D) Seven
  • 19. Which of the following is identified as a 'healthy housing principle'?
A) Provision of luxury appliances
B) Ability to wash people
C) Installation of high-speed internet
D) Large garden spaces
  • 20. What does the cultural model consider in relation to housing?
A) Market resale value
B) Investment potential
C) Domiciliary behaviours
D) Construction speed
  • 21. What can happen if adjusting to a house strains relationships among residents?
A) Improved family bonding
B) Better financial management
C) Increased housing longevity
D) Severe stress on the occupants
  • 22. Which of the following is a healthy housing principle related to pests?
A) Eradicating all natural wildlife
B) Increasing the number of windows
C) Reducing impact of pests or vermin
D) Painting exterior walls
  • 23. What does Indigenous architecture typically encompass?
A) Culture-specific architecture
B) European colonial designs
C) Standardized global housing
D) Only historical ruins
  • 24. What is one of the terms used by Indigenous Australians for their structures?
A) Wiltja
B) Teepee
C) Yurt
D) Igloo
  • 25. Which materials were used for the stone-based homes of the Gunditjmara peoples?
A) Basalt rocks
B) Steel beams
C) Concrete slabs
D) Brick and mortar
  • 26. What shape were the stone shelters found in the Warringah area?
A) Tall pyramid
B) Flat rectangle
C) Elongated egg shape
D) Perfectly square
  • 27. What material was used for the framework of dome shelters in the rainforests?
A) Cane
B) Bamboo
C) Plastic piping
D) Iron bars
  • 28. What type of cladding was used for the stone-based dome homes at Bessibelle?
A) Synthetic shingles
B) Animal fur
C) Sod cladding
D) Wood paneling
  • 29. When were the terms 'Indigenous Design and Architecture' coined?
A) Mid 1970s
B) Early 2000s
C) Late 1990s
D) Late 1980s
  • 30. Where is the Marika Alderton House located?
A) Yirrkala, Northern Territory
B) Redfern, Sydney
C) Perth, Western Australia
D) Halls Gap, Victoria
  • 31. What is the Brambuk Cultural Centre's location?
A) Derby, Western Australia
B) Tennant Creek, Northern Territory
C) Halls Gap, Victoria
D) Bathurst, New South Wales
  • 32. Which of these is explicitly listed as a notable project in the text?
A) Parliament House
B) West Kimberley Regional Prison
C) The National Gallery of Australia
D) Sydney Opera House
  • 33. What is the Kurongkurl Katitjin Centre associated with?
A) University of Sydney
B) University of Newcastle
C) University of Melbourne
D) Edith Cowan University
  • 34. What is the primary term for the design methodology that focuses on the Indigenous experience of Country?
A) Modernist urban design
B) Universal design
C) Country-centred design
D) Colonial design
  • 35. Which of these individuals is identified as a prominent Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander practitioner?
A) Sarah Lynn Rees
B) Paul Pholeros
C) Timothy O'Rourke
D) Elizabeth Grant
  • 36. What is the standard housing form of the Iroquois society?
A) Tipi
B) Pit house
C) Igloo
D) Longhouse
  • 37. What are the remains of pit houses in British Columbia known as?
A) Wickiup ruins
B) Igloo foundations
C) Longhouse pits
D) Quiggly holes
  • 38. What primary material did the Haida use for their large square houses?
A) Red cedar planks
B) Animal hides
C) Whale bones
D) Snow blocks
  • 39. What decorative element was often placed at the front of a Haida six beam house?
A) A stone statue
B) A garden arch
C) A heraldric pole
D) A totem pole made of ice
  • 40. What material did the Thule use to build house frames due to a lack of wood?
A) Whale bones
B) Bison hides
C) Red cedar
D) Saplings
  • 41. Which of these is a prominent researcher of Indigenous architecture?
A) Linda Kennedy
B) Craig Kerslake
C) Rueben Berg
D) Paul Memmott
  • 42. Which cultural region is associated with the development of the igloo?
A) The Canadian Prairies
B) The Interior of British Columbia
C) Southern Ontario
D) The far north
  • 43. What unintended consequence resulted from the drop in infant mortality during the 1950s and 1960s?
A) Exacerbated overcrowding
B) A decline in farming
C) A shortage of food supplies
D) Increased migration to rural areas
  • 44. Who was the first First Nations woman to become a Canadian architect?
A) Patrick Stewart
B) Ryan Walker
C) Wanda Dalla Costa
D) Brian Porter
  • 45. Who is the first Indigenous Director of a school of architecture in Canada?
A) Alfred Waugh
B) Étienne Gaboury
C) David Fortin
D) Douglas Cardinal
  • 46. In what city is the First Nations University located?
A) Vancouver
B) Winnipeg
C) Gatineau
D) Regina
  • 47. Which of these is listed as a prominent practitioner of Indigenous architecture?
A) David Fortin
B) Wanda Dalla Costa
C) Douglas Cardinal
D) Ryan Walker
  • 48. Where is the Hôtel-Musée Premières Nations located?
A) Wendake
B) Vancouver
C) Winnipeg
D) Thunder Bay
  • 49. What shape were the houses in Old Fiji?
A) Circular
B) Square
C) Rectangular
D) Triangular
  • 50. What type of roofs did the houses in Old Fiji have?
A) Gabled
B) Domed
C) Pyramid-like
D) Flat
  • 51. What were the walls and roofs of traditional Fijian houses thatched with?
A) Clay
B) Metal
C) Plants
D) Stone
  • 52. What was planted nearby the Spirit houses?
A) Fruit trees
B) Vegetables
C) Thorny bushes
D) Scented flora
  • 53. How did the houses of Chiefs differ from subjects' houses in Old Fiji?
A) They lacked roofs
B) They were set higher
C) They were round
D) They were made of brick
  • 54. What has replaced the traditional Spirit houses (Bure Kalou) in modern Fiji?
A) Government offices
B) Shopping malls
C) Churches
D) Schools
  • 55. How does the evolution of rural architecture compare to urban architecture in Fiji?
A) Rural areas are evolving at a slower rate
B) They are evolving at the same rate
C) Rural areas are evolving faster
D) Rural areas have stopped evolving
  • 56. What is the name of the Chief's hut in traditional Kanak architecture?
A) Le Petit Case
B) La Flèche Case
C) La Grande Case
D) Le Clan Case
  • 57. Which type of wood is the central pole of a Grande Case typically made from?
A) Pine wood
B) Oak wood
C) Palm wood
D) Houp wood
  • 58. What are the carved door posts flanking the entrance of a hut called?
A) Katana
B) Kanak
C) Behno
D) Ixoe
  • 59. What does the face on the flèche faîtière represent?
A) The ancestor
B) The living chief
C) The clan's protector
D) A bad spirit
  • 60. Which plant is used for the woven mats inside the hut?
A) Banana leaf
B) Coconut leaf
C) Pandanus leaf
D) Houp wood strips
  • 61. What is the name for the mattress of coconut leaves used in the huts?
A) Katana
B) Grande Case
C) Ixoe
D) Behno
  • 62. Who designed the Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre?
A) Paul Vincent
B) Alban Bensa
C) Jean-Marie Tjibaou
D) Renzo Piano
  • 63. How many conical pavilions are contained in the Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre?
A) Ten
B) Thirty-four
C) Eight
D) Twelve
  • 64. What type of timber was used for the construction of the huts at the cultural centre?
A) Cedar
B) Oak
C) Pine
D) Iroko
  • 65. How many customary areas are there in Kanak society?
A) Eight
B) Four
C) Ten
D) Fifty-seven
  • 66. Where is the Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre located?
A) Tinu Peninsula
B) A remote tribal village
C) New Caledonia mountain range
D) Nouméa City Center
  • 67. What mythological figure does the pathway at the Cultural Centre represent?
A) A French explorer
B) Téâ Kanaké
C) The first tribal chief
D) The god of the lagoon
  • 68. When was the Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre opened?
A) 1853
B) 1998
C) 2005
D) 1989
  • 69. How many tribes are there in the Kanak society?
A) 8
B) 4,000
C) 57
D) 341
  • 70. What is the primary architectural inspiration for the pavilions at the Cultural Centre?
A) Oceanic boat structures
B) Traditional Kanak Grand Hut
C) Colonial French architecture
D) Modern industrial warehouses
  • 71. Who was the anthropologist involved in the building workshops of the cultural centre?
A) Jean-Marie Tjibaou
B) Paul Vincent
C) Renzo Piano
D) Alban Bensa
  • 72. Which material was commonly used for roofing in traditional Māori construction?
A) Totara-bark shingles
B) Palm fronds
C) Metal sheets
D) Clay tiles
  • 73. What was the purpose of a kāuta?
A) Cooking house
B) Sleeping house
C) Storage of fishing nets
D) Carved meeting house
  • 74. What does the tāhuhu ridge beam represent in a wharenui?
A) Backbone
B) Head
C) Ribs
D) Heart
  • 75. Which term describes the pole-mounted storage shelters used for valuable items?
A) Kāuta
B) Whare puni
C) Marae
D) Pātaka
  • 76. What is the function of the poutokomanawa in a wharenui?
A) It supports the roof as a ridge beam
B) It acts as the front door
C) It represents the heart
D) It functions as a storage rack
  • 77. What are the raparapa of the maihi interpreted as?
A) Toes
B) Hair
C) Eyes
D) Fingers
  • 78. What is the whare-whakairo primarily known as?
A) Carved meeting house
B) Ancestor tomb
C) Fish drying rack
D) Sleeping hut
  • 79. Which ancestor is said to have established the tradition of whare whakairo?
A) A mythological figure who created the moon
B) A Polynesian navigator from Tahiti
C) Ruatepupuke
D) A local chief from the North Island central plateau
  • 80. How are the heke rafters of a wharenui interpreted?
A) As lungs
B) As ribs
C) As fingers
D) As arms
  • 81. What was the typical size of a standard whare puni?
A) 10 metres x 10 metres
B) 5 metres x 5 metres
C) 2 metres x 3 metres
D) 1 metre x 2 metres
  • 82. Why were some whare in the North Island central plateau partly sunk into the ground?
A) For better insulation
B) To honor the earth deity
C) To hide from enemies
D) To provide extra storage space
  • 83. What is the traditional Palauan meeting house called?
A) Bahay Kubo
B) Kamalig
C) Batalan
D) Bai
  • 84. Which of these is the oldest bai in Palau?
A) Koror Bai
B) Elders' Bai
C) Ancient Bai
D) Airai Bai
  • 85. What is the Tagalog term for the area beneath a Bahay Kubo?
A) Silong
B) Kisame
C) Bubungan
D) Ventanilla
  • 86. Which individual is listed as an indigenous architecture researcher?
A) Elsdon Best
B) Elisapeta Heta
C) Rewi Thompson
D) John Scott
  • 87. What are 'ventanillas' in the context of Philippine architecture?
A) Wall dividers made of bamboo
B) Traditional floor mats
C) Roof vents for smoke
D) Smaller windows underneath larger ones
  • 88. Which term describes houses made of stone adapted from the Bahay Kubo style?
A) Bahay na Bato
B) Batalan
C) Kamalig
D) Nipa Hut
  • 89. What is the 'Kisame' in a Bahay Kubo?
A) The floor
B) The wall frame
C) The ceiling
D) The window frame
  • 90. Which of these is a listed practitioner of indigenous architecture?
A) Elsdon Best
B) Jade Kake
C) Fleur Palmer
D) Deidre Brown
  • 91. What is the term used for the traditional lands of the Sámi people?
A) Arcticus
B) Sápmi
C) Scandia
D) Nordland
  • 92. Where are the Sámi people recognized as the only Indigenous people?
A) Greenland
B) Russia
C) Canada
D) Scandinavia
  • 93. What is the primary visual difference between a lavvu and a goahti at the top?
A) Lavvu poles meet, goahti poles remain separate
B) Lavvu is square, goahti is circular
C) Lavvu poles are wood, goahti poles are stone
D) Lavvu has a chimney, goahti has an open hole
  • 94. Which of the following is NOT required for the stability of a lavvu?
A) Three forked poles
B) Size and quantity of poles
C) Straight poles
D) Guy-wire
  • 95. How many center poles are needed to support a traditional lavvu structure?
A) Zero
B) Two
C) One
D) Three
  • 96. What shape describes the typical lavvu structure?
A) Elongated
B) Circular
C) Rectangular
D) Hexagonal
  • 97. What is another common nickname for the tent version of the goahti?
A) Turf shelter
B) Reindeer hut
C) Bread box lavvu
D) Arctic dome
  • 98. How many curved poles are used in the interior construction of a goahti?
A) Four
B) Eight
C) Two
D) Six
  • 99. At what angle do the curved poles of a goahti typically bend?
A) 180°
B) 130°
C) 45°
D) 90°
  • 100. What is the primary material used to cover a modern goahti?
A) Heavy wool felt
B) Reindeer leather
C) Plastic sheeting
D) Canvas
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