 - 1. What commercial section was destroyed according to the text?
A) Gurley's Hotel
B) Okmulgee
C) Greenwood
D) Cleaver Hall
- 2. How many businesses were included in the property losses of Greenwood?
A) 10,000
B) 1,256
C) 215
D) 191
- 3. According to the Red Cross, how many houses were burned?
A) 1,256
B) 85
C) 191
D) 215
- 4. According to the Red Cross, how many houses were looted but not burned?
A) 250
B) 215
C) 1,256
D) 191
- 5. What was the estimated real estate property loss in US dollars according to the Tulsa Real Estate Exchange?
A) $1.8 million
B) $41 million
C) $750,000
D) $1.5 million
- 6. What was the estimated personal property loss in US dollars according to the Tulsa Real Estate Exchange?
A) $32 million
B) $1.8 million
C) $750,000
D) $1.5 million
- 7. What is the equivalent value in 2025 of the total property losses estimated by the Tulsa Real Estate Exchange?
A) $1.5 million
B) $1.8 million
C) $32 million
D) $41 million
- 8. How many people were estimated to have been made homeless by the destruction, according to the December 1921 Red Cross report?
A) 250
B) 1,256
C) 191
D) 10,000
- 9. How much in riot-related claims against the city were filed by local citizens over the next year?
A) $750,000
B) More than US$1.8 million
C) $41 million
D) US$1.5 million
- 10. What is the 2025 equivalent value of the riot-related claims filed against the city?
A) $1.8 million
B) $41 million
C) $1.5 million
D) $32 million
- 11. Who was the deputy sheriff interviewed by the Morning Tulsa Daily World on June 3?
A) W. Valjean Biddison
B) Barney Cleaver
C) James B. A. Robertson
D) Sargent Prentiss Freeling
- 12. For which county was Barney Cleaver a deputy sheriff?
A) Okmulgee County
B) Oklahoma County
C) Tulsa County
D) Greenwood County
- 13. Why had Barney Cleaver previously been dismissed as a city police investigator?
A) For evicting armed criminals from his property
B) For owning Cleaver Hall
C) For assisting county officers with a drug raid at Gurley's Hotel without reporting it
D) For refusing to enforce the law among colored people
- 14. What was the name of Barney Cleaver's large community gathering place and function hall?
A) Gurley's Hotel
B) Tulsa Real Estate Exchange
C) Union Station
D) Cleaver Hall
- 15. Who offered to build Barney Cleaver a new home?
A) Buck Colbert Franklin
B) Loyal J. Martin
C) W. Valjean Biddison
D) Charles Page
- 16. Who was named by Cleaver as the leader of the armed blacks?
A) Peg Leg Taylor
B) R.L. Osborne
C) O.W. Gurley
D) Will Robinson
- 17. Who was the owner of Gurley's Hotel?
A) Barney Cleaver
B) O.W. Gurley
C) Will Robinson
D) Charles Page
- 18. When was the Public Safety Committee reported to have been established by the Associated Press?
A) June 3
B) June 8
C) By June 6
D) December 1921
- 19. How many white men made up the citizens' Public Safety Committee?
A) 27
B) 85
C) 1,000
D) 250
- 20. What was the name of the white man shot and killed on June 6 after failing to stop for a National Guardsman?
A) R.L. Osborne
B) W. Valjean Biddison
C) Barney Cleaver
D) Loyal J. Martin
- 21. Who was the Governor of Oklahoma who went to Tulsa during the riot to ensure order was restored?
A) Loyal J. Martin
B) Sargent Prentiss Freeling
C) W. Valjean Biddison
D) James B. A. Robertson
- 22. Which judge stated that the grand jury investigation would begin on June 8?
A) James B. A. Robertson
B) W. Valjean Biddison
C) Buck Colbert Franklin
D) Loyal J. Martin
- 23. Who initiated the state investigation as the State Attorney General?
A) W. Valjean Biddison
B) Sargent Prentiss Freeling
C) James B. A. Robertson
D) Loyal J. Martin
- 24. Over how many days were witnesses heard during the state investigation?
A) 12 days
B) 2 months
C) 25 days
D) 3 days
- 25. Who did the all-white jury ultimately attribute the riot to?
A) The National Guard
B) The Public Safety Committee
C) The black mobs
D) The Red Cross
- 26. How many total cases were brought before the court as a result of the grand jury investigation?
A) 85 cases
B) 191 cases
C) 215 cases
D) 27 cases
- 27. How many individuals were indicted by the jury?
A) 27 individuals
B) More than 85 individuals
C) 250 individuals
D) 1,000 individuals
- 28. How many people were convicted of charges for deaths, injuries, or property damage?
A) No one
B) 27 people
C) 85 people
D) 250 people
- 29. When did a group of over 1,000 businessmen and civic leaders meet to form a committee to aid in rebuilding Greenwood?
A) June 6
B) June 8
C) June 9
D) June 3
- 30. Who was chosen as the chairman of the group of businessmen and civic leaders formed to aid in rebuilding Greenwood?
A) Buck Colbert Franklin
B) Sargent Prentiss Freeling
C) Charles Page
D) Loyal J. Martin
- 31. What was Loyal J. Martin's former position in Tulsa?
A) Judge
B) Mayor
C) Deputy Sheriff
D) Governor
- 32. Where did many black families spend the winter of 1921–1922?
A) In Cleaver Hall
B) In Gurley's Hotel
C) In newly rebuilt houses
D) In tents
- 33. Who litigated and appealed the discriminatory fire ordinance to the Oklahoma Supreme Court?
A) Barney Cleaver
B) Buck Colbert Franklin
C) James B. A. Robertson
D) Loyal J. Martin
- 34. What court ruled the fire ordinance designed to prevent black people from rebuilding unconstitutional?
A) The Reconstruction Committee
B) The Public Safety Committee
C) The Grand Jury
D) Oklahoma Supreme Court
- 35. Who was the regional director of the Red Cross who noted the struggle of black residents to rebuild?
A) Charles Page
B) W. Valjean Biddison
C) Willows
D) Barney Cleaver
- 36. What committee was formed after the dissolution of the Public Welfare Committee and failed to formulate a single plan?
A) The Citizens' Committee
B) The Tulsa Real Estate Exchange
C) The Public Safety Committee
D) The Reconstruction Committee
- 37. What is the date of the elevator encounter mentioned in the text?
A) April 30, 1921
B) May 30, 1921
C) May 30, 1920
D) May 31, 1921
- 38. How old was Dick Rowland at the time of the event?
A) 25
B) 19
C) 21
D) 18
- 39. What was Dick Rowland's occupation?
A) Store clerk
B) Police officer
C) Shoeshiner
D) Elevator operator
- 40. Where was Dick Rowland employed?
A) Renberg's clothing store
B) A Main Street shine parlor
C) The Tulsa County Courthouse
D) The Drexel Building
- 41. In which building did the elevator incident occur?
A) Renberg's
B) Tulsa City Jail
C) Drexel Building
D) Greenwood courthouse
- 42. What is the address of the Drexel Building?
A) 319 South Main Street
B) 400 South Main Street
C) First Street and Main Street
D) Greenwood Avenue
- 43. Where was the 'colored' restroom located in the Drexel Building?
A) Basement
B) Second floor
C) First floor
D) Top floor
- 44. How old was Sarah Page?
A) 21
B) 20
C) 23
D) 19
- 45. What was Sarah Page's job?
A) Elevator operator
B) Shoeshiner
C) Detective
D) Store clerk
- 46. Where was Renberg's clothing store located within the Drexel Building?
A) Second floor
B) Top floor
C) First floor
D) Basement
- 47. What is considered the most common explanation for the incident involving Rowland and Page?
A) Rowland tripped and grabbed Page's arm to catch his fall
B) Rowland attempted to rob Page
C) They had a violent physical fight
D) Page attacked Rowland
- 48. What holiday was being observed on the day of the elevator incident?
A) Veterans Day
B) Memorial Day
C) Independence Day
D) Labor Day
- 49. According to the 2001 Oklahoma Commission Final Report, why was Page required to work on Memorial Day?
A) To operate the store downstairs
B) To guard the building
C) To transport employees and families to parade viewing spots
D) To clean the Drexel Building
- 50. Who questioned Sarah Page after the incident?
A) The police
B) Henry Carmichael
C) The 2001 Oklahoma Commission
D) J. M. Adkison
- 51. On what date was Dick Rowland located and detained?
A) May 30, 1921
B) June 1, 1921
C) May 29, 1921
D) May 31, 1921
- 52. Who located and detained Dick Rowland on Greenwood Avenue?
A) J. M. Adkison and a store clerk
B) Renberg's clerk and Henry Carmichael
C) Henry Carmichael and Henry C. Pack
D) Sarah Page and a police officer
- 53. What was Henry Carmichael's profession?
A) Black patrolman
B) Store clerk
C) White detective
D) Police Commissioner
- 54. Why was Rowland well known among city attorneys and legal professionals?
A) Because he was a clerk at Renberg's
B) Because he worked at the courthouse
C) Because he was a criminal suspect
D) Through his work as a shoeshiner
- 55. What type of investigation did the police conduct regarding the elevator incident?
A) Low-key investigation
B) Public trial
C) Undercover sting operation
D) Massive manhunt
- 56. How many people were officially recorded as dead by the Oklahoma Bureau of Vital Statistics?
A) More than 800 people
B) 12 people
C) 36 people
D) 300 people
- 57. Approximately how many armed black men arrived at the jail to support the sheriff in defending Dick Rowland?
A) 10 to 15
B) Several hundred
C) Over 1,000
D) 50–60
- 58. When was the final report of the Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 published?
A) 2002
B) 2001
C) 1997
D) 2010
- 59. When did Oklahoma become a state?
A) August 12, 1921
B) August 4, 1916
C) May 31, 1921
D) November 16, 1907
- 60. What type of laws were passed as the first order of business by the newly created state legislature of Oklahoma?
A) Voting Rights Acts
B) Martial law decrees
C) Reparations laws
D) Jim Crow laws
- 61. When was Tulsa's residential segregation ordinance passed?
A) August 4, 1916
B) November 16, 1907
C) May 31, 1921
D) August 12, 1921
- 62. Out of the people lynched in Oklahoma by 1921, how many were black?
A) 26
B) 13
C) 31
D) 50
- 63. When did Booker T. Washington tour Arkansas, Indian Territory, and Oklahoma, inspiring the organization of Greenwood?
A) 1906
B) 1921
C) 1915
D) 1905
- 64. In what year was the Greenwood district in Tulsa organized?
A) 1916
B) 1906
C) 1905
D) 1921
- 65. According to the Tulsa Reparations Coalition examination in 2001, how many total deaths were identified?
A) 300 people
B) 39 people
C) 36 people
D) 800 people
- 66. Which US President did delegates fear would veto the 1907 Oklahoma Constitution if it included strict segregation?
A) Booker T. Washington
B) Sarah Page
C) Dick Rowland
D) Theodore Roosevelt
- 67. What term described the severe race riots that occurred across the Midwest and Northeast in 1919?
A) Jim Crow era
B) The Tulsa race massacre
C) Red Summer
D) Black Wall Street
- 68. When were Oklahoma schools required to start teaching students about the massacre?
A) 2002
B) 1997
C) 2020
D) 2001
- 69. Who owned, published, and edited The Tulsa Tribune?
A) Willard M. McCullough
B) James Patton
C) Scott Ellsworth
D) Richard Lloyd Jones
- 70. How was the news-writing style of The Tulsa Tribune described at the time?
A) Sensationalist
B) Conservative
C) Objective
D) Academic
- 71. When did the Tulsa Race Riot Commission offer a reward for a copy of the disputed editorial?
A) 1921
B) 2000
C) 1997
D) 1920
- 72. What was the name of the white murder suspect lynched in Tulsa in 1920?
A) Rowland
B) O. W. Gurley
C) Roy Belton
D) W. G. Daggs
- 73. Who prepared for a battle by collecting guns and ammunition at Gurley's Hotel?
A) Young World War I veterans
B) Chief James Patton and his detectives
C) The sheriff's deputies
D) Older, more prosperous men
- 74. Where did some white individuals head to arm themselves after leaving the courthouse?
A) The National Guard armory
B) The First Presbyterian Church
C) The Frisco Tracks
D) The local police station
- 75. Who was the Chief of Police who later claimed he tried to talk the crowd into going home?
A) Charles W. Kerr
B) Rowland
C) James Bell
D) John A. Gustafson
- 76. What did many white men mistakenly interpret the armed black men's surveillance actions as?
A) A 'Negro uprising'
B) A military invasion
C) A peaceful protest
D) A police patrol
- 77. What did eyewitnesses report increasing in frequency during the evening?
A) Sirens
B) Church bells
C) Gunshots
D) Fires
- 78. Approximately how many armed black men went to the courthouse shortly after 10 p.m. to offer support?
A) 300
B) 12
C) 2,000
D) 75
- 79. Who declined the help offered by the second group of armed black men at the courthouse?
A) The Chief of Police
B) The sheriff
C) Major Bell
D) Reverend Charles W. Kerr
- 80. How many black individuals died in the initial exchange of gunfire?
A) 6
B) 10
C) 12
D) 2
- 81. Whose granddaughter passed on the firsthand account told by Eloise Taylor Butler?
A) Eloise's mother
B) Eloise's great-granddaughter
C) Reverend Kerr's granddaughter
D) Major Bell's daughter
- 82. Who was Eloise Taylor Butler the daughter of?
A) Reverend Charles W. Kerr
B) "Peg Leg" Taylor
C) Chief John A. Gustafson
D) Major James Bell
- 83. What street is mentioned as being on Greenwood's side of the Frisco Tracks, possibly explaining why shops there were targeted first out of convenience?
A) Norfolk Avenue
B) Sixth Street
C) Greenwood Avenue
D) Archer
- 84. How long was the first 'battle' said to last?
A) About one hour
B) The entire night
C) A few seconds or so
D) Nearly ten minutes
- 85. Where were many bystanders coming from when they were caught off guard?
A) The armory
B) The courthouse
C) A movie theater
D) A local store
- 86. Which local organization joined in on patrols of the streets alongside the National Guard?
A) American Legion
B) Police Department
C) Oklahoma Historical Society
D) Greenwood Security Force
- 87. Around what time did a small crowd of whites assemble outside the courthouse?
A) Midnight
B) 11 p.m.
C) 1 a.m.
D) 10 p.m.
- 88. What items did white rioters throw into several buildings along Archer Street?
A) Molotov cocktails
B) Lighted oil rags
C) Boxes of ammunition
D) Incendiary grenades
- 89. What did Hirsch say the sound at daybreak actually was?
A) An alarm
B) A church bell
C) A gunshot
D) A siren
- 90. Where did a white man step out from before being fatally shot by a sniper?
A) From a detention center
B) From a moving train
C) Behind the Frisco depot
D) Behind Mount Zion Baptist Church
- 91. How many caskets full of rifles were purportedly delivered to the church?
A) Ten
B) Five
C) Twenty
D) Fifty
- 92. What vehicles did numerous eyewitnesses describe white assailants carrying out attacks with?
A) Steamboats
B) Automobiles
C) Airplanes
D) Trains
- 93. Where were the privately owned aircraft dispatched from?
A) Mid-Way Municipal Field
B) Oklahoma City Airfield
C) Curtiss-Southwest Field
D) Tulsa International Airport
- 94. What objects were dropped from the planes onto buildings like an office building, hotel, and gas station?
A) Burning turpentine balls
B) Glass bottles filled with acid
C) Heavy iron cannonballs
D) Explosive sticks of dynamite
- 95. What substance did newspapers targeted at black readers heavily report being used from the planes?
A) Gunpowder
B) Nitroglycerin
C) Kerosene
D) Gasoline
- 96. Which state representative dissented from the evidence presented in the report and concluded bombs were dropped?
A) Danney Goble
B) Don Ross
C) Richard S. Warner
D) Beryl Ford
- 97. In what year was a previously unknown written eyewitness account by Buck Colbert Franklin discovered?
A) 2015
B) 1941
C) 1921
D) 1999
- 98. What weapons did Franklin report seeing being fired at night?
A) Mounted cannons
B) Mortar shells
C) Flame throwers
D) Multiple machine guns
- 99. When was state representative Don Ross born?
A) 1955
B) 1941
C) 1912
D) 1921
- 100. How many troops accompanied Adjutant General Barrett from Oklahoma City?
A) 1,000 troops
B) 109 troops
C) 150 troops
D) 50 troops
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