Islamic geometric patterns - Quiz
Islamic geometric patterns
  • 1. What two basic shapes are Islamic designs typically built on?
A) Squares and circles
B) Ovals and diamonds
C) Triangles and rectangles
D) Trapezoids and crescents
  • 2. How are squares and circles usually arranged in Islamic designs?
A) Scattered, cropped and faded
B) Stacked, separated and aligned
C) Graduated, mirrored and inverted
D) Repeated, overlapped and interlaced
  • 3. What is a recurring motif often seen in Islamic tilework?
A) 8-pointed star
B) 5-pointed star
C) 10-pointed star
D) 6-pointed star
  • 4. How is the 8-pointed star constructed?
A) Three intersecting circles
B) Two squares, one rotated 45 degrees
C) Four diamonds joined at the center
D) Two equilateral triangles overlapping
  • 5. What is the fourth basic shape mentioned in Islamic patterns alongside squares, circles, and stars?
A) Ellipse
B) Helix
C) Parabola
D) Polygon
  • 6. Which specific polygons are mentioned as part of the fourth basic shape category?
A) Pentagons and octagons
B) Hexagons and heptagons
C) Scalene and isosceles triangles
D) Decagons and dodecagons
  • 7. What variety of symmetries can be formed by combining and reworking these shapes?
A) Reflections and rotations
B) Projections and inversions
C) Translations and scaling only
D) Asymmetry and distortion
  • 8. What do Islamic patterns resemble when seen as mathematical tessellations?
A) They can extend indefinitely to suggest infinity
B) They form closed finite loops
C) They represent strict numerical sequences
D) They mimic biological cell structures
  • 9. What tools are required to draw the grids on which these patterns are constructed?
A) Protractor and set square
B) Computer software and a plotter
C) Calligraphy pen and ink
D) Ruler and compass
  • 10. Who argues that such constructions are in effect algorithms?
A) An unnamed Spanish historian
B) Ernest Hanbury Hankin
C) Mohammed Ali
D) Roman Verostko
  • 11. What did Roman Verostko consider Islamic geometric patterns to be forerunners of?
A) Industrial machine weaving
B) Renaissance perspective painting
C) Classical Greek architecture
D) Modern algorithmic art
  • 12. What does the circle symbolize in the context of Islamic patterns?
A) Infinity and eternal time
B) Power and divine authority
C) Unity and diversity in nature
D) Perfection and closed borders
  • 13. Where is the 15th-century mosque whose decoration is based on a circle divided into six?
A) Sikandra, India
B) Yazd, Persia
C) Istanbul, Turkey
D) Granada, Spain
  • 14. How many smaller circles are drawn around the central circle in the Yazd mosque decoration?
A) Six
B) Eight
C) Four
D) Twelve
  • 15. What shape is formed by the circles touching their neighbors' centers in the Yazd mosque design?
A) Regular hexagon
B) Square
C) Equilateral triangle
D) Regular octagon
  • 16. What basic star pattern is constructed on the basis of the six circles in Yazd?
A) Twelve-pointed star surrounded by triangles
B) Five-pointed star surrounded by pentagons
C) Six-pointed star surrounded by six smaller irregular hexagons
D) Eight-pointed star surrounded by squares
  • 17. How is the basic design outlined on the wall of the mosque in Yazd?
A) In gold leaf
B) In black ink
C) In blue
D) In white
  • 18. What is overlaid on the basic design at the Yazd mosque?
A) An intersecting tracery in blue around tiles of other colours
B) A plaster molding of floral motifs
C) A red geometric border of bricks
D) A golden lattice of carved wood
  • 19. What modern logo is based on a similar design to the Yazd mosque decoration?
A) The Alhambra Palace
B) The Sikandra Tomb
C) The Topkapı Scroll
D) The Mohammed Ali Research Center
  • 20. Who was one of the early Western students of Islamic patterns?
A) An unnamed Spanish mathematician
B) Ernest Hanbury Hankin
C) Roman Verostko
D) Mohammed Ali
  • 21. How did Ernest Hanbury Hankin define a 'geometrical arabesque'?
A) A design created entirely from freehand curved brushstrokes
B) A mosaic made exclusively of circular ceramic tiles
C) A pattern formed with the help of construction lines consisting of polygons in contact
D) A repeating script of Arabic calligraphy
  • 22. According to Hankin, what condition must residual spaces meet when using different combinations of polygons?
A) They must be reasonably symmetrical
B) They must remain entirely empty
C) They must form perfect circles
D) They must be completely filled with gold
  • 23. What shape forms the residual spaces in a grid of octagons in contact?
A) Hexagons
B) Squares
C) Pentagons
D) Triangles
  • 24. Where can an 8-point star based on an octagon grid be seen?
A) The Yazd mosque
B) Akbar's tomb, Sikandra
C) The Topkapı Scroll
D) The Alhambra palace
  • 25. When was Akbar's tomb in Sikandra built?
A) 1605–1613
B) 1400–1450
C) 1480–1520
D) 1800–1810
  • 26. What did Hankin consider astounding regarding Arabian artists?
A) Their talent for mixing chemical blue pigments
B) Their skill in discovering suitable combinations of polygons
C) Their ability to weave silk carpets without a loom
D) Their speed in carving stone arches
  • 27. According to Hankin, how much of a star should be shown if it occurs in a corner?
A) Exactly one quarter
B) Exactly one half
C) The entire star
D) Exactly one third
  • 28. According to Hankin, how much of a star should be shown if it occurs along an edge?
A) The entire star
B) Exactly three quarters
C) Exactly one quarter
D) Exactly one half
  • 29. Where and when was the Topkapı Scroll made?
A) Nasrid Granada in the 14th century
B) Mughal India in the early 17th century
C) Timurid dynasty Iran in the late-15th century or beginning of the 16th century
D) Safavid Persia in the 18th century
  • 30. How many patterns does the Topkapı Scroll contain?
A) 114
B) 17
C) 6
D) 5
  • 31. What types of designs are included in the Topkapı Scroll?
A) Coloured designs for girih tilings and muqarnas quarter or semidomes
B) Diagrams of textile weaving and carpet knots
C) Monochrome blueprints for stone arches and minarets
D) Sketches of floral wallpaper groups
  • 32. Where is the Alhambra palace located?
A) Sikandra, India
B) Yazd, Persia
C) Istanbul, Turkey
D) Granada, Spain
  • 33. What has been extensively studied regarding the Alhambra palace?
A) The hydraulic system of its fountains
B) The acoustic engineering of its throne room
C) The agricultural yield of its gardens
D) The mathematical properties of its decorative tile and stucco patterns
  • 34. What claim have some authors made regarding wallpaper groups at the Alhambra palace?
A) They found most or all of the 17 wallpaper groups there
B) They found zero repeating symmetry groups there
C) They found only 5 wallpaper groups there
D) They proved wallpaper groups were not used there
  • 35. On what grounds are the claims about finding all 17 wallpaper groups at the Alhambra made?
A) Direct historical documentation
B) Dubious grounds
C) Scientific certainty
D) Mathematical proof
  • 36. During which centuries does Moroccan geometric woodwork date from according to the text?
A) 10th to 12th centuries
B) 14th to 19th centuries
C) 12th to 16th centuries
D) 15th to 20th centuries
  • 37. How many wallpaper groups are mainly used in Moroccan geometric woodwork?
A) 5
B) 8
C) 12
D) 17
  • 38. Which wallpaper groups are mainly used in Moroccan geometric woodwork?
A) p4mm and c2mm
B) p6mm and p2mm
C) p4gm and p1mm
D) cmmm and pmg2
  • 39. Which wallpaper groups are used occasionally in Moroccan geometric woodwork?
A) pmm and pmg
B) p6mm and p2mm
C) p4gm and p31m
D) p4mm and c2mm
  • 40. Which wallpaper group is used rarely in Moroccan geometric woodwork?
A) p4mm
B) c2mm
C) p6mm
D) p4gm
  • 41. What method of construction is claimed to be able to generate all 17 wallpaper groups in Moroccan woodwork?
A) The 'Hasba' (measure) method
B) The Topkapı compass method
C) The Hankin polygon grid method
D) The Verostko algorithmic method
  • 42. What does the 'Hasba' (measure) method of construction start with?
A) Concentric circles
B) n-fold rosettes
C) Intersecting squares
D) Octagon grids
  • 43. What is avoided in Islamic ornament due to holy scriptures?
A) Figurative images
B) Geometric shapes
C) Calligraphy
D) Plant forms
  • 44. What type of Moroccan tilework features geometric patterns?
A) Jali
B) Zellij
C) Kilim
D) Girih
  • 45. What are pierced stone screens in Islamic art called?
A) Jali
B) Girih
C) Muqarnas
D) Zellij
  • 46. Which artist in the twentieth century showed interest in Islamic geometric patterns?
A) Peter J. Lu
B) M. C. Escher
C) Keith Critchlow
D) David Wade
E) Paul Steinhardt
  • 47. What artistic feature caused an aesthetic shift toward mathematically based decoration?
A) Calligraphy
B) Naturalism
C) Aniconism
D) Figurative worship
  • 48. What does David Wade state is the aim of Islamic art of decoration?
A) Imitation
B) Isolation
C) Transformation
D) Preservation
  • 49. According to David Wade, what can decorated pages of a Qur'an become?
A) Objects of worship
B) Windows onto the infinite
C) Strict moral criteria
D) Figurative representations
  • 50. Who stated that beauty in Arabic culture was enjoyed for its own sake without commitment to religious or moral criteria?
A) Paul Steinhardt
B) David Wade
C) Keith Critchlow
D) Doris Behrens-Abouseif
  • 51. Which mosque features 6- and 8-point stars appearing in 879, marking the middle stage of Islamic geometric pattern usage?
A) Ibn Tulun Mosque, Cairo
B) Al-Juyushi Mosque, Egypt
C) Barsian Mosque, Persia
D) Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia
  • 52. When did abstract 6- and 8-point shapes appear in the Tower of Kharaqan at Qazvin, Persia?
A) 836
B) 1220
C) 1067
D) 1086
  • 53. Which structure features abstract 6- and 8-point shapes in Egypt in 1085?
A) Sultan Hassan complex
B) Hasan Sadaqah mausoleum
C) Al-Juyushi Mosque
D) Abbasid palace
  • 54. Which region was an exception to the widespread use of 10-point girih patterns?
A) Persia
B) Egypt
C) Spanish Al-Andalus
D) Central Asia
  • 55. Which mosque in Persia used sweeping 9-, 11-, and 13-point girih patterns in 1098?
A) Tower of Kharaqan
B) Jameh Mosque of Isfahan
C) Alâeddin Mosque
D) Barsian Mosque
  • 56. What type of stained glass artform is listed as making use of geometric patterns?
A) Kilim
B) Muqarnas
C) Shakaba
D) Zellij
  • 57. An unglazed earthenware water flask from which location is described as being in the shape of a vertical circle?
A) Baghdad
B) Isfahan
C) Aleppo
D) Cairo
  • 58. What decoration is found at the centre of the unglazed earthenware water flask from Aleppo?
A) An abstract 6-point star
B) A 16-point geometric rosette
C) A small 8-petalled flower
D) A lozenge containing a square
  • 59. In which type of architecture is the girih style used?
A) Gothic European architecture
B) Persian Islamic architecture
C) Ancient Egyptian architecture
D) Roman classical architecture
  • 60. Which of the following is a traditional medium for girih designs?
A) Cut brickwork
B) Pressed cardboard
C) Cast iron
D) Solid marble slabs
  • 61. What type of tilework is traditionally used for girih designs?
A) Mosaic faience tilework
B) Polished granite tilework
C) Terrazzo flooring tiles
D) Plain ceramic subway tilework
  • 62. During which historical period was girih especially applied in woodwork?
A) Umayyad dynasty period
B) Ottoman Tanzimat period
C) Abbasid golden age
D) Safavid period
  • 63. How could girih be applied in woodwork during the Safavid period?
A) As lattice frames
B) As carved stone pillars
C) As painted canvas rolls
D) As woven tapestries
  • 64. Can mosaic panels be used in both sacred and secular settings?
A) No, only in military fortifications
B) Yes
C) No, only in sacred buildings
D) No, only in secular buildings
  • 65. What is most girih design based on?
A) A random splash of ink
B) A partially hidden geometric grid
C) A completely visible organic flower vine
D) A set of freehand animal sketches
  • 66. What kind of symmetry helps the pattern fill the plane?
A) Random distortion
B) Translational asymmetry
C) Rotational symmetries
D) Linear gradient
  • 67. What is the nature of the visible pattern superimposed on the grid?
A) Biomorphic
B) Geometric
C) Asymmetrical
D) Abstractly random
  • 68. What joins the stars and convex polygons in the visible pattern?
A) Plaster ridges
B) Thin metal wires
C) Painted brush strokes
D) Straps
  • 69. Does the visible pattern coincide with the underlying construction lines of the tiling?
A) Only in woodwork
B) No
C) Only in brickwork
D) Yes, completely
  • 70. To what is the bridge between the invisible and visible analogous in Islamic culture?
A) The 'epistemological quest'
B) The military conquest strategy
C) The economic trade system
D) The political leadership hierarchy
  • 71. What are jali?
A) Pierced stone screens
B) Metal dishes
C) Flatwoven carpets
D) Embossed leather book covers
  • 72. Which architect popularised modern, simplified jali walls?
A) Laurie Baker
B) Hamilton Gibb
C) Sinan the Architect
D) Eva Baer
  • 73. What do kilim patterns often characterize?
A) The season of the year
B) Individual weavers' ages
C) The price of the carpet
D) Specific regions
  • 74. Besides being decorative, what else are kilim motifs often?
A) Map coordinates
B) Symbolic
C) Trademarks
D) Numerical codes
  • 75. When was the Palace of Shaki Khans in Azerbaijan constructed?
A) 1200
B) 1883
C) 1797
D) 1950
  • 76. What are shabaka windows framed in?
A) Lead
B) Stucco
C) Iron
D) Wood
  • 77. Where are shabaka still constructed the traditional way in the 21st century?
A) Sheki
B) Tunisia
C) Amsterdam
D) Raqqa
  • 78. Traditions of stained glass set in wooden frames survive in workshops in Iran as well as which other country?
A) Turkey
B) Yemen
C) Azerbaijan
D) Spain
  • 79. Where was a late example of stained glass made for the International Colonial Exhibition in 1883?
A) Sana'a
B) Tunisia
C) Damascus
D) Raqqa
  • 80. Where did the stained-glass technique that developed after the 12th century originate?
A) Azerbaijan
B) Tunisia
C) Syria
D) Spain
  • 81. What was applied to the surface of the glass in the post-12th century Syrian technique?
A) Enamel paints
B) Stucco paste
C) Liquid gold
D) Colored wax
  • 82. What country is the tradition of Zellij characteristic of?
A) Egypt
B) Morocco
C) The Netherlands
D) Turkey
  • 83. Who is believed by some Westerners to be the only one who can produce perfection, according to the false theory about mistakes?
A) Allah
B) M. C. Escher
C) Roger Penrose
D) The Prince of Wales
  • 84. How many objects with Islamic geometric patterns does the Victoria and Albert Museum hold at least?
A) 5
B) 283
C) 124
D) 70
  • 85. Where is the Victoria and Albert Museum located?
A) London
B) New York
C) Istanbul
D) Isfahan
  • 86. Who brought goods of many types back to Italy from the 14th century onwards, influencing Western art?
A) Dutch artists
B) Islamic physicists
C) British tile-makers
D) Venetian merchants
  • 87. Name one of the experts on Islamic geometric patterns on the panel at the 2013 Istanbul symposium.
A) Roger Penrose
B) Carol Bier
C) Ahmad Rafsanjani
D) M. C. Escher
  • 88. Which expert was also on the panel at the 2013 Istanbul symposium?
A) Jay Bonner
B) Peter J. Lu
C) Craig S. Kaplan
D) Paul Steinhardt
  • 89. Name another expert from the panel at the 2013 Istanbul symposium.
A) Venetian merchant
B) Eric Broug
C) Allah
D) Zellij craftsman
  • 90. Who else was included on the 2013 Istanbul symposium panel?
A) Hacali Necefoğlu
B) M. C. Escher
C) Roger Penrose
D) Craig S. Kaplan
  • 91. Who was the fifth expert mentioned on the 2013 Istanbul symposium panel?
A) Reza Sarhangi
B) Jay Bonner
C) Eric Broug
D) Carol Bier
  • 92. What does 'arabesque' refer to in the courses run by The Prince's School of Traditional Arts?
A) Quasi-periodic tilings
B) Glazed terracotta tilework
C) Vegetal forms
D) Auxetic rubber sheets
  • 93. Who explained and illustrated in his Ph.D. thesis how Islamic star patterns can be generated algorithmically?
A) Craig S. Kaplan
B) Paul Steinhardt
C) Ahmad Rafsanjani
D) Peter J. Lu
  • 94. Whose discoveries did the girih designs resemble, according to Lu and Steinhardt?
A) M. C. Escher
B) Roger Penrose
C) Jay Bonner
D) Carol Bier
  • 95. In what year did Roger Penrose discover his tilings?
A) 2007
B) 1973
C) 2013
D) 2016
  • 96. What shrine in Isfahan features girih designs studied by Lu and Steinhardt?
A) Metropolitan Museum of Art
B) Victoria and Albert Museum
C) Darb-e Imam shrine
D) Alhambra
  • 97. Who described the use of Islamic geometric patterns from tomb towers in Iran to create auxetic materials in 2016?
A) Ahmad Rafsanjani
B) Peter J. Lu
C) Paul Steinhardt
D) Craig S. Kaplan
  • 98. What material was used to create auxetic materials based on tomb tower patterns?
A) Perforated rubber sheets
B) Glazed terracotta tiles
C) Rosewood and ebony
D) Woven silk and brass
  • 99. How many Islamic patterns did Ahmad Rafsanjani note on the tomb towers in Iran?
A) 5
B) 124
C) 283
D) 70
  • 100. What material is NOT listed as part of the Victoria and Albert Museum's collection of Islamic patterned objects?
A) Ivory
B) Stucco
C) Perforated rubber
D) Woven silk
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