Fish diseases and parasites - Quiz
Fish diseases and parasites
  • 1. What is the common name for the parasite Gyrodactylus salaris?
A) Tapeworm
B) Salmon fluke
C) Sea lice
D) Leech
  • 2. In what year was Gyrodactylus salaris reported to have spread from Norwegian hatcheries?
A) 2002
B) 1984
C) 1990
D) 1972
  • 3. What type of organism is Gyrodactylus salaris?
A) Monogenean parasite
B) Copepod
C) Bacterium
D) Virus
  • 4. When was infectious salmon anemia (ISAV) first discovered in Norway?
A) 1995
B) 1972
C) 2002
D) 1984
  • 5. What kind of disease is ISAV?
A) Fungal
B) Bacterial
C) Parasitic
D) Viral
  • 6. What is required by the European Commission if ISAV is confirmed on a farm?
A) Isolation of infected individuals
B) Vaccination of remaining fish
C) Total eradication of the entire fish stock
D) Use of antibiotics
  • 7. Which of the following is an external symptom of ISAV in salmon?
A) Excessive mucus production
B) Dark patches on the skin
C) Swollen fins
D) Pale gills
  • 8. Why can fish red blood cells be infected by viruses, unlike mammals?
A) They are larger
B) They are not part of the immune system
C) They have a different cell membrane
D) They contain DNA
  • 9. What behavior might an ISAV-infected salmon exhibit?
A) Gulping for air near the water surface
B) Refusing to move at all
C) Hiding at the bottom of the tank
D) Aggressive swimming
  • 10. Which of these is a management strategy for ISAV mentioned in the text?
A) Adding iodine to the water
B) Increased water temperature
C) Selective breeding for size
D) Developing a vaccine
  • 11. What keeps diseases and parasites at low levels in the wild?
A) The high salt content of the ocean
B) Constant movement of the fish
C) Natural predation on weakened individuals
D) Low fish population density
  • 12. What is the primary factor that turns parasites into epidemics in farmed fish?
A) Crowded net pens
B) Lack of sunlight
C) The use of artificial feed
D) Cold water temperatures
  • 13. Which species is linked to the spread of parasitic sea lice from river salmon farms?
A) Atlantic salmon
B) Wild pink salmon
C) Arctic char
D) Rainbow trout
  • 14. What are often used to control diseases and parasites in farmed salmon?
A) Natural oils
B) Herbal supplements
C) Probiotics
D) Antibiotics and pesticides
  • 15. What is a characteristic of coral reef fish mentioned in the text?
A) Migratory behavior
B) Low parasite resistance
C) High biodiversity
D) Uniform body size
  • 16. Which group of organisms includes parasites like cestodes and digeneans found in coral reef fish?
A) Nematodes
B) Myxosporidia
C) Platyhelminthes
D) Crustaceans
  • 17. Which of these is a crustacean parasite found in coral reef fish?
A) Isopods
B) Leeches
C) Monogeneans
D) Nematodes
  • 18. What does the term 'heteroxenous' mean regarding parasites?
A) They only infect one host species
B) They are free-living in the ocean
C) They have several hosts
D) They do not require a host to reproduce
  • 19. What is the mean number of parasite species found per coral reef fish species?
A) About thirty
B) About fifty
C) About five
D) About ten
  • 20. What is the potential consequence of the extinction of a coral reef fish species for its parasites?
A) Adaptation to new hosts
B) Co-extinction
C) Rapid multiplication
D) Migration to different reefs
  • 21. What organism is responsible for the mass die-offs in shallow marine waters described in the text?
A) Caligus clemensi
B) Lepeophtheirus salmonis
C) Henneguya salminicola
D) Pfiesteria piscicida
  • 22. What environmental factor increases the rate at which Pfiesteria piscicida kills occur?
A) Organically polluted land runoff
B) Decreased fish population density
C) Increased salinity levels
D) Cooler ocean temperatures
  • 23. What substance is secreted by Pfiesteria piscicida zoospores once they begin to feed on fish?
A) Adhesive mucus
B) Neurotoxin
C) Digestive enzymes
D) A paralyzing pheromone
  • 24. Where is the protozoan parasite Henneguya salminicola typically found within salmonids?
A) On the external skin
B) In the flesh
C) In the gills only
D) In the blood stream
  • 25. How does a salmon typically respond to a Henneguya salminicola infection?
A) By producing antibodies to kill the parasite
B) By increasing mucus production to flush out the parasite
C) By shedding the affected skin
D) By walling off the infection into cysts
  • 26. According to the text, what is the second host for the parasite Henneguya salminicola?
A) An invertebrate
B) Marine mammals
C) A predatory bird
D) A larger predatory fish
  • 27. Which salmon species is most commonly infected by Henneguya salminicola due to its long freshwater residence time?
A) Pink
B) Chinook
C) Sockeye
D) Coho
  • 28. Is Henneguya salminicola considered a public health risk to humans?
A) Yes, if the fish is consumed raw
B) No, it is harmless to warm-blooded animals
C) Yes, it is a dangerous zoonotic pathogen
D) Yes, it can cause skin infections in humans
  • 29. What is the approximate mortality rate of pink salmon induced by lice in some regions of Canada's Pacific coast?
A) Less than 10%
B) Exactly 50%
C) Approximately 25%
D) Over 80%
  • 30. Which of the following is identified as a species of sea lice?
A) Caligus rogercresseyi
B) Henneguya salminicola
C) Pfiesteria piscicida
D) Myxosporean trout-fly
  • 31. Which genus is known for the bluestreak cleaner wrasse?
A) Scomber
B) Labroides
C) Etroplus
D) Mola
  • 32. Which cichlid species acts as a cleaner fish for Etroplus suratensis?
A) Pterophyllum scalare
B) Oreochromis niloticus
C) Labroides dimidiatus
D) Etroplus maculatus
  • 33. Approximately how many parasite species can reside on an ocean sunfish?
A) Exactly 10
B) Over 100
C) More than 40
D) Less than 5
  • 34. In temperate regions, what environment do sunfish visit to find cleaner fish?
A) Deep sea thermal vents
B) Mangrove forests
C) Coral reefs
D) Drifting kelp fields
  • 35. Which disease affects koi fish?
A) Koi herpes virus
B) Streptococcosis
C) Lactococcosis
D) Furunculosis
  • 36. Which parasite is found in the ovary of the female Blacktip grouper?
A) Huffmanela ossicola
B) Paravortex
C) Gyrodactylus salaris
D) Philometra fasciati
  • 37. Where does Huffmanela ossicola live?
A) Within the gill bone
B) In the swim bladder
C) In the stomach
D) On the skin surface
  • 38. Which parasite is known for functionally replacing the tongue of a fish?
A) Paravortex
B) Gnathiid isopod
C) Didymozoid trematode
D) Cymothoa exigua
  • 39. What is an example of an external fish parasite?
A) Paravortex
B) Huffmanela ossicola
C) Monogeneans
D) Philometra fasciati
  • 40. Which condition is a common disease in new aquariums that are immediately stocked to capacity?
A) Granulocyte depletion
B) Ammonia poisoning
C) T-cell stagnation
D) Lymphoid deficiency
  • 41. What is absent in jawless fish like lampreys and hagfish?
A) Anterior kidneys
B) Gut tissue
C) True lymphoid organs
D) Macrophages
  • 42. Which organ in cartilaginous fish is considered their most important immune organ?
A) Spleen
B) Spiral valve
C) Leydig's organ
D) Epigonal organ
  • 43. Where is a major site for granulocyte production in chondrostean fish?
A) The spleen
B) A mass associated with the meninges
C) The anterior kidney
D) The heart
  • 44. In teleost fish, which cell type is primarily found in the thymus?
A) Granulocytes
B) Neutrophils
C) Lymphocytes
D) Erythrocytes
  • 45. Which fish species was used to describe a lymphatic system similar to mammals in 2006?
A) Shark
B) Zebrafish
C) Hagfish
D) Sturgeon
  • 46. Where do erythrocytes and macrophages develop in chondrostean fish?
A) The kidney
B) The thymus
C) The meninges
D) The heart
  • 47. What organ surrounds the gonads in cartilaginous fish?
A) Anterior kidney
B) Leydig's organ
C) Epigonal organs
D) Spiral valve
  • 48. What is the common name for Myxobolus cerebralis?
A) Tapeworm infection
B) Hemorrhagic septicemia
C) Roundworm disease
D) Whirling disease
  • 49. At what temperature should fish be frozen for seven days to kill parasites?
A) -10 °C
B) 0 °C
C) -20 °C
D) -5 °C
  • 50. What percentage of wild salmon in the Seattle study had roundworm larvae?
A) 100%
B) 50%
C) 25%
D) 75%
  • 51. Which of these is a trematode or fluke parasite?
A) Myxobolus cerebralis
B) Anisakis
C) Clonorchis sinensis
D) Diphyllobothrium
  • 52. Which of these is a nematode or roundworm parasite?
A) Clonorchis sinensis
B) Diphyllobothrium
C) Myxobolus cerebralis
D) Anisakis
  • 53. Which of these is a cestode or tapeworm parasite?
A) Viral hemorrhagic septicemia
B) Diphyllobothrium
C) Anisakis
D) Clonorchis sinensis
  • 54. In which geographic region are parasitic infections from freshwater fish a serious problem?
A) Antarctica
B) Southeast Asia
C) Central Canada
D) Western Australia
  • 55. According to the text, how can parasite infections generally be avoided?
A) Boiling, burning, or freezing
B) Soaking in fresh water
C) Removing the skin only
D) Washing with soap
  • 56. What does a 2020 meta-analysis indicate regarding parasites in marine fish eaten uncooked?
A) No change since 1980
B) A sharp increase since 1980
C) A decline since 1980
D) They have been completely eradicated
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