Colonial Brazil - Quiz
Colonial Brazil
  • 1. What is Colonial Brazil also referred to as?
A) New Portugal
B) The Lusophone Empire
C) Spanish Brazil
D) Portuguese America
  • 2. In what year did Portuguese arrivals mark the beginning of Colonial Brazil?
A) 1815
B) 1500
C) 1530
D) 1494
  • 3. In what year was Brazil elevated to a kingdom in union with Portugal?
A) 1700
B) 1494
C) 1500
D) 1815
  • 4. How many years of Brazilian colonial history are mentioned?
A) 100 years
B) 400 years
C) 300 years
D) 200 years
  • 5. What was the economic activity of the first economic cycle in colonial Brazil?
A) Brazilwood extraction
B) Gold mining
C) Diamond mining
D) Sugar production
  • 6. What gave the territory of Brazil its name?
A) The Amazon River
B) Brazilwood
C) The gold mines
D) The King of Portugal
  • 7. What was the economic activity of the second main economic cycle in colonial Brazil?
A) Rubber tapping
B) Sugar production
C) Coffee cultivation
D) Brazilwood extraction
  • 8. What was the economic activity of the final economic cycle in colonial Brazil?
A) Cattle ranching
B) Tobacco farming
C) Brazilwood extraction
D) Gold and diamond mining
  • 9. Where did most of the workforce for the Brazilian export economy come from after the initial period?
A) Europe
B) Africa
C) North America
D) Asia
  • 10. Who provided the workforce during the brief initial period of the export economy?
A) Spanish merchants
B) Portuguese colonists
C) Slaves from Africa
D) Indigenous groups
  • 11. What was the main purpose of Indigenous slavery during the early colonial period?
A) To build port cities
B) To mine gold
C) To cut brazilwood
D) To cultivate sugar
  • 12. Where was the colony of Brazil settled mainly by the Portuguese?
A) In the southern plains
B) In the Andean highlands
C) In the coastal area
D) In the Amazon basin
  • 13. What population worked heavily on sugar plantations and mines alongside the Portuguese?
A) A free Asian labor force
B) A large European indentured servant population
C) Spanish settlers
D) A large black slave population
  • 14. Unlike Portuguese Brazil, what did neighboring Spanish possessions have?
A) A single monarch
B) No coastal settlements
C) Several viceroyalties
D) Only one governor
  • 15. What undermined Brazil's sugar age?
A) The growth of the sugar industry in the Caribbean
B) The exhaustion of gold mines
C) A massive drought
D) The abolition of slavery
  • 16. On what types of locations did European powers seize islands to grow sugar and undermine Brazil?
A) The Indian Ocean
B) The Caribbean
C) The Mediterranean
D) The Pacific
  • 17. Where were gold and diamonds discovered and mined through the end of the colonial era?
A) Northern Brazil
B) The Amazon region
C) The western borderlands
D) Southern Brazil
  • 18. What kind of cities were Brazilian cities largely?
A) Mountain fortresses
B) Inland agricultural hubs
C) Mining camps
D) Port cities
  • 19. From which city was the colonial administrative capital moved?
A) Salvador
B) Lisbon
C) São Paulo
D) Rio de Janeiro
  • 20. To which city was the colonial administrative capital moved?
A) Brasília
B) Rio de Janeiro
C) Salvador
D) Recife
  • 21. What caused the colonial administrative capital to be moved?
A) An earthquake
B) The discovery of the Amazon river
C) A Spanish invasion
D) The rise and fall of export products' importance
  • 22. What political structure did Brazil maintain upon independence, unlike Spanish America?
A) A collection of separate colonies
B) A parliamentary republic
C) A single administrative unit under a monarch
D) A federation of independent states
  • 23. What was the name of the monarchy Brazil became upon independence?
A) Kingdom of Portugal and Brazil
B) United States of Brazil
C) Empire of Brazil
D) Republic of Brazil
  • 24. What did Brazil become as a result of remaining a single administrative unit?
A) The wealthiest nation in the world
B) The largest country in Latin America
C) The most populous Spanish colony
D) The only European territory in the Americas
  • 25. What was a core source of cohesion among Spain's vast and multi-ethnic territories?
A) Protestantism and trade
B) Local indigenous laws
C) Spanish and Roman Catholicism
D) The Portuguese language
  • 26. What two elements united Brazilian society?
A) French and the sugar trade
B) The Portuguese language and Roman Catholicism
C) Spanish and Roman Catholicism
D) Indigenous languages and Protestantism
  • 27. What is Brazil noted as in the Americas regarding its language?
A) The only Lusophone polity
B) The only Hispanic polity
C) The only Francophone polity
D) The only Anglophone polity
  • 28. What nation pioneered the European charting of sea routes between continents?
A) Spain
B) Britain
C) France
D) Portugal
  • 29. What process was begun by Portugal's charting of sea routes?
A) Globalization
B) Colonization of Asia
C) Industrialization
D) The Renaissance
  • 30. What fields saw pronounced advancements during the early years of Portuguese exploration?
A) Cartography, shipbuilding, and navigational instruments
B) Agriculture, metallurgy, and astronomy
C) Printing, architecture, and weaponry
D) Medicine, mathematics, and weaving
  • 31. In what year was the Treaty of Tordesillas signed?
A) 1530
B) 1815
C) 1494
D) 1500
  • 32. Who divided the New World between the two Iberian Peninsula kingdoms in 1494?
A) The Pope
B) King Manuel I
C) The Treaty of Tordesillas
D) Pedro Álvares Cabral
  • 33. Which two kingdoms divided the New World in the Treaty of Tordesillas?
A) The two kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula
B) Portugal and England
C) Spain and France
D) Portugal and the Netherlands
  • 34. Which navigator landed in what is now Brazil in 1500?
A) Christopher Columbus
B) Pedro Álvares Cabral
C) Ferdinand Magellan
D) Vasco da Gama
  • 35. In whose name did Pedro Álvares Cabral lay claim to Brazil?
A) King Manuel I of Portugal
B) King John II of Portugal
C) King Ferdinand of Spain
D) The Pope
  • 36. What valuable resource did the Portuguese identify in brazilwood?
A) A red dye source
B) A building timber
C) A spice for food preservation
D) A medicinal herb
  • 37. What did the Portuguese attempt to force indigenous groups in Brazil to do with brazilwood?
A) Transport it to Spain
B) Plant more trees
C) Cut the trees
D) Burn the forests
  • 38. What type of product was brazilwood considered by the Portuguese?
A) A sacred plant
B) An exploitable product
C) A prohibited export
D) An agricultural crop
  • 39. In which century did Portuguese seafarers begin to expand from the Iberian Peninsula?
A) Early fourteenth century
B) Early fifteenth century
C) Early seventeenth century
D) Early sixteenth century
  • 40. What Muslim fortress in North Africa was seized by the Portuguese?
A) Tangier
B) Melilla
C) Ceuta
D) Casablanca
  • 41. What type of fortified commercial settlements did the Portuguese set up?
A) Presidios
B) Haciendas
C) Encomiendas
D) Feitorias
  • 42. Who bore the initial costs of setting up the Portuguese commercial posts?
A) Private investors
B) The Portuguese Crown
C) The Catholic Church
D) Local African rulers
  • 43. Which mariner sailed for Castile to the Caribbean?
A) Ferdinand Magellan
B) Vasco da Gama
C) Pedro Alvares Cabral
D) Christopher Columbus
  • 44. According to the Treaty of Tordesillas, land discovered west of the meridian belonged to whom?
A) Spain
B) Portugal
C) France
D) The Netherlands
  • 45. What is the modern name of the place where Cabral arrived in Brazil?
A) Salvador
B) Rio de Janeiro
C) Porto Seguro
D) São Vicente
  • 46. How many ships were in Cabral's fleet when he reached Brazil?
A) 3 ships
B) 13 ships
C) 20 ships
D) 8 ships
  • 47. Approximately how many men were in Cabral's fleet?
A) Roughly 500 men
B) Exactly 5,000 men
C) Around 200 men
D) More than 1,000 men
  • 48. Where was Cabral's fleet originally heading before landing in Brazil?
A) The Azores
B) West Africa
C) China
D) India
  • 49. Whose route around Africa was Cabral following?
A) Vasco da Gama
B) Ferdinand Magellan
C) Christopher Columbus
D) Vicente Yáñez Pinzón
  • 50. How many days did Cabral spend safely entering and leaving Brazil?
A) Three days
B) One year
C) Ten days
D) Thirty days
  • 51. Which Spanish navigator came to the northeastern coast of Brazil just a few months before Cabral?
A) Juan de la Cosa
B) Amerigo Vespucci
C) Alonso de Ojeda
D) Vicente Yáñez Pinzón
  • 52. How many Spanish men were killed when Pinzón's men were captured by indigenous people?
A) Eight men
B) All of his men
C) Two men
D) Fifteen men
  • 53. What is a degredado?
A) A criminal exile
B) An indigenous leader
C) A naval captain
D) A royal tax collector
  • 54. Where was brazilwood extracted from?
A) The tropical rainforest
B) Dry desert regions
C) Highland mountain ranges
D) The coastal savannah
  • 55. Who initially performed the work of extracting brazilwood for the Europeans?
A) Portuguese convicts
B) Spanish mercenaries
C) Enslaved Africans
D) The natives
  • 56. Who lived among the Guaianaz tribe near today's São Paulo?
A) Martim Afonso de Sousa
B) Diogo Álvares Correia
C) João Ramalho
D) Vicente Yáñez Pinzón
  • 57. What alternative name was acquired by Diogo Álvares Correia?
A) Ramalho
B) Pinzón
C) Cabral
D) Caramuru
  • 58. Which tribe did Diogo Álvares Correia (Caramuru) live among near today's Salvador?
A) Yanomami
B) Guaianaz
C) Tupinambá
D) Guarani
  • 59. Which European country started sending excursions to Brazil to extract brazilwood, worrying the Portuguese?
A) England
B) The Netherlands
C) France
D) Spain
  • 60. In what year did an expedition led by Martim Afonso de Sousa arrive in Brazil?
A) 1492
B) 1500
C) 1530
D) 1580
  • 61. What was the name of one of the first colonial villages created on the coast by Martim Afonso de Sousa's expedition?
A) Recife
B) Porto Seguro
C) São Vicente
D) Rio de Janeiro
  • 62. Into how many private, hereditary captaincies was the land initially divided?
A) Twenty
B) Twelve
C) Ten
D) Fifteen
  • 63. How did Pernambuco achieve success?
A) Mining for gold
B) Trading spices with India
C) Growing sugarcane
D) Enslaving indigenous native people
  • 64. Who did Tomé de Sousa bring along to set up missions?
A) Spanish soldiers
B) Dominican friars
C) Franciscan monks
D) Jesuit priests
  • 65. What did the Jesuit priests forbid the natives to do?
A) Express their own cultures
B) Learn Portuguese
C) Travel to Europe
D) Grow sugarcane
  • 66. Who did the Portuguese expel with the help of the Jesuits' work?
A) The British
B) The Dutch
C) The Spanish
D) The French
  • 67. Which island's successful colonization inspired the hereditary captaincies system in Brazil?
A) Cape Verde
B) São Tomé
C) Madeira
D) Azores
  • 68. Who owned the successful captaincy of Pernambuco?
A) Mem de Sá
B) Martim Afonso de Sousa
C) Duarte Coelho
D) Tomé de Sousa
  • 69. What city was founded by Duarte Coelho in 1536?
A) São Vicente
B) Olinda
C) Rio de Janeiro
D) Salvador
  • 70. What were the sugarcane mills installed in Pernambuco after 1542 called?
A) Fincas
B) Haciendas
C) Plantations
D) Engenhos
  • 71. In what year did Tomé de Sousa set sail to establish a central government in Brazil?
A) 1549
B) 1565
C) 1534
D) 1556
  • 72. In which state is the city of Salvador located today?
A) São Paulo
B) Bahia
C) Rio de Janeiro
D) Pernambuco
  • 73. Near which bay was the city of Salvador built?
A) All Saints Bay
B) Todos os Santos Bay is not mentioned
C) Rio de Janeiro Bay
D) Guanabara Bay
  • 74. When was the Diocese of São Salvador da Bahia established?
A) 1621
B) 1556
C) 1549
D) 1551
  • 75. What years did Duarte da Costa govern Brazil?
A) 1621–1640
B) 1549–1553
C) 1557–1573
D) 1553–1557
  • 76. Who was the first bishop of Brazil, who was killed and eaten in 1556?
A) Tomé de Sousa
B) Duarte Coelho
C) Pero Fernandes Sardinha
D) Mem de Sá
  • 77. Which indigenous group killed and ate the first bishop of Brazil after a shipwreck?
A) Caeté
B) Guarani
C) Tupinambá
D) Botocudo
  • 78. What years did Mem de Sá govern Brazil?
A) 1553–1557
B) 1763–1775
C) 1549–1553
D) 1557–1573
  • 79. With whose help did Mem de Sá expel the French from France Antarctique?
A) The local indigenous tribes
B) The Jesuits
C) The Spanish navy
D) The Franciscan friars
  • 80. What relation was Estácio de Sá to Mem de Sá?
A) Cousin
B) Brother
C) Nephew
D) Son
  • 81. In what year was the colony divided in two due to its huge size?
A) 1621
B) 1549
C) 1775
D) 1763
  • 82. Which king created the two states of Brasil and Maranhão in 1621?
A) Manuel I
B) John III
C) Sebastian I
D) Philip II
  • 83. In what year was the state of Maranhão further divided into Maranhão e Piauí and Grão-Pará e Rio Negro?
A) 1737
B) 1621
C) 1763
D) 1775
  • 84. What was the capital of Grão-Pará e Rio Negro?
A) Belém do Pará
B) Rio de Janeiro
C) São Luís
D) Salvador
  • 85. What title did governors of Brazil belonging to the high nobility start to use after 1640?
A) Vice-rei (Viceroy)
B) Capitão-mor
C) Ouvidor-geral
D) Governador-Geral
  • 86. In what year was the capital of the State of Brazil transferred from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro?
A) 1549
B) 1775
C) 1763
D) 1621
  • 87. In what year were all Brazilian States unified into the Viceroyalty of Brazil?
A) 1640
B) 1621
C) 1775
D) 1763
  • 88. What was each colonial village and city's council called in Portuguese?
A) Câmara dos deputados
B) Assembleia local
C) Conselho colonial
D) Câmara municipal
  • 89. What responsibilities did colonial city councils have?
A) Appointing the Governor-General and high magistrates
B) Managing the sugar export tax revenue for the king
C) Setting foreign policy and declaring war on European rivals
D) Regulating commerce, public infrastructure, professional artisans, prisons etc.
  • 90. What was the main spiritual justification for the Portuguese conquests?
A) Establishing military outposts
B) Spreading the Catholic faith
C) Finding precious metals
D) Expanding European trade routes
  • 91. In what year was the city of Rio de Janeiro founded with the help of the Jesuits?
A) 1552
B) 1565
C) 1595
D) 1765
  • 92. Where was the first grammar of the Tupi language printed in 1595?
A) Coimbra
B) Salvador
C) Rio de Janeiro
D) São Paulo
  • 93. What were the communities of resettlement created by the Jesuits called?
A) Capitancies
B) Missions
C) Aldeias
D) Reductions
  • 94. Did the Jesuits generally object to the enslavement of African people?
A) No
B) Yes
C) Only after 1765
D) Only initially
  • 95. What unintended negative consequence did the Jesuits bring to the aborigines?
A) Forced military conscription
B) Infectious diseases
C) Destruction of European architecture
D) Loss of agricultural skills
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