Muskox - Quiz
Muskox
  • 1. Where were ancient muskox remains never found despite suitable ecological conditions?
A) Southern Canada
B) Eastern Canada
C) Northern Canada
D) Western Canada
  • 2. In what year were 14 muskoxen captured near Eureka on Ellesmere Island?
A) 1983
B) 2003
C) 1973
D) 1967
  • 3. Where were the muskoxen brought for domestication after being captured in 1967?
A) Labrador Peninsula
B) Ellesmere Island
C) Diana Island
D) Old Fort Chimo Kuujjuaq, northern Quebec
  • 4. What was the primary purpose of capturing muskoxen by INAR in 1967?
A) To provide a local cottage industry based on qiviut
B) To increase wild populations for hunting
C) For domestication purposes
D) For scientific research
  • 5. What did the provincial government of Quebec intend to use muskoxen for?
A) Cottage industry
B) Providing a wild population for hunting
C) Domestication
D) Scientific study
  • 6. How many animals were released in northern Quebec between 1973 and 1983?
A) 54
B) 148
C) 1400
D) 290
  • 7. What was the estimated muskox population in Quebec by 2003?
A) 290
B) 1,400
C) 54
D) 148
  • 8. How many adult muskoxen were counted on Diana Island in 2005?
A) 25
B) 54
C) 112
D) 148
  • 9. What type of areas do muskoxen prefer to live in during the summer?
A) Higher elevations
B) Urban environments
C) Dry plains
D) Wet areas, such as river valleys
  • 10. What type of plants do muskoxen prefer in the winter?
A) Mosses
B) Lichens
C) Grasses
D) Willows
  • 11. What is required for muskoxen to conceive?
A) Shallow snow
B) A high threshold of fat reserves
C) Cooler temperatures
D) Abundant food supply
  • 12. Which predator accounts for up to half of all muskoxen mortality?
A) Polar bears
B) Wolverines
C) Grizzly bears
D) Arctic wolves
  • 13. What unique characteristic do muskox hemoglobin have compared to human hemoglobin?
A) More temperature sensitivity
B) Three times less temperature sensitive
C) Lower oxygen diffusion rate
D) Higher oxygen affinity in warm environments
  • 14. What adaptation allows muskoxen to reduce heat loss from their extremities?
A) Increasing metabolic rate in lower limbs
B) Reducing blood flow to lower limbs
C) Growing thicker fur on lower limbs
D) Shutting off thermal regulation in lower limbs
  • 15. Why is the temperature insensitivity of muskox hemoglobin beneficial?
A) It reduces oxygen diffusion into tissues
B) It decreases energy costs
C) It allows heightened oxygen affinity in cold environments
D) It increases metabolic rate
  • 16. When were muskoxen reintroduced to Nunivak Island?
A) 1950s
B) 1980s
C) 1970s
D) 1935
  • 17. Which U.S. organization was involved in the muskox reintroduction to Nunivak Island?
A) Department of Agriculture
B) Environmental Protection Agency
C) National Park Service
D) United States Fish and Wildlife Service
  • 18. How were muskox calves separated from adults during domestication attempts?
A) With the help of trained dogs
B) By herding family groups into open water
C) Through aerial capture techniques
D) Using tranquilizer darts
  • 19. Where were muskox calves first relocated to after being captured?
A) Alaska
B) Vermont
C) Yellowstone National Park
D) Montreal
  • 20. What was a major challenge faced by muskox calves in Vermont?
A) Extreme cold weather
B) Predation from local wildlife
C) Parasite and disease resistance issues
D) Lack of food
  • 21. Where did the surviving muskox herd eventually move to in Alaska?
A) Juneau, Alaska
B) Palmer, Alaska
C) Fairbanks, Alaska
D) Anchorage, Alaska
  • 22. Which wildlife preserve in Yukon is mentioned as a site for muskox reintroduction?
A) Vuntut National Park
B) Kluane National Park and Reserve
C) Ivvavik National Park
D) Waterton Lakes National Park
  • 23. What was the outcome of the muskox domestication effort in Vermont?
A) All muskoxen were returned to their native habitat
B) Complete failure due to harsh weather conditions
C) Successful adaptation with no health issues
D) The calves thrived but faced parasite and disease resistance issues
  • 24. What is the maximum recorded weight for zoo-kept muskoxen?
A) 400 kg
B) 650 kg
C) 750 kg
D) 500 kg
  • 25. How fast can a muskox run?
A) 60 km/h
B) 70 km/h
C) 80 km/h
D) 50 km/h
  • 26. During which period were muskoxen widespread across the Siberian and North American Arctic?
A) Cretaceous
B) Jurassic
C) Pleistocene
D) Holocene
  • 27. When did muskox abundance peak?
A) 10,000 years ago
B) 30,000 years ago
C) During the Würm II glaciation 20,000 years ago
D) 15,000 years ago
  • 28. When did the last known muskox population in Europe die out?
A) 7,000 years ago
B) 12,000 years ago
C) 9,000 years ago
D) 5,000 years ago
  • 29. When did muskoxen arrive in northwestern Greenland?
A) 1000 AD
B) About 350 AD
C) 500 BC
D) 1500 AD
  • 30. What may have restricted muskoxen from moving down the west coast of Greenland?
A) Human predation around Qaanaaq
B) Climate change
C) Lack of food resources
D) Predation by wolves
  • 31. What family does the muskox belong to?
A) Cervidae
B) Felidae
C) Bovidae
D) Ursidae
  • 32. What is the Inuktitut name for muskox?
A) Matimôs
B) Budorcas
C) Euceratherium
D) Umingmak
  • 33. Which genus is the muskox more closely related to, sheep or oxen?
A) Takins
B) Goats
C) Sheep
D) Oxen
  • 34. Which extinct genus is considered to be a high-horned ancestor of the modern muskox?
A) Praeovibos
B) Soergelia
C) Bootherium
D) Euceratherium
  • 35. What is the correlation between climate periods and genetic diversity in muskoxen?
A) There is no correlation between climate and genetic diversity
B) Genetic diversity is constant regardless of climate
C) Warmer periods correlate with more diversity; colder periods with more homogeneity
D) Colder periods correlate with more diversity; warmer periods with more homogeneity
  • 36. Where were two fossil muskox vertebrae discovered leading to the idea of introducing muskoxen to Norway?
A) Härjedalen
B) Svalbard
C) Dovrefjell
D) Greenland
  • 37. In which year were the first muskoxen released on Gurskøya, near Ålesund?
A) 1932
B) 1925–26
C) 1971
D) 1947
  • 38. How many muskoxen did Adolf Hoel import to Dovrefjell in September 1932?
A) 17
B) 10
C) 50
D) 6
  • 39. In which year did a small group of muskoxen from Dovrefjell migrate to Sweden and establish themselves in Härjedalen?
A) 1999
B) 1932
C) 1971
D) 1947
  • 40. As of the summer of 2012, approximately how many muskoxen were there on Dovrefjell?
A) 1100
B) 29
C) 50
D) 300
  • 41. What event in the summer of 2004 significantly impacted the muskox population on Dovrefjell?
A) Migration to Sweden.
B) A measles outbreak that killed 29 animals.
C) An introduction of new muskoxen.
D) A train collision that killed several animals.
  • 42. Where did the University of Tromsø keep muskoxen until 2018?
A) Pleistocene Park
B) Dovrefjell
C) Härjedalen
D) Ryøya outside Tromsø
  • 43. What was the outcome of muskox introductions in Iceland around 1930?
A) They did not survive.
B) They migrated to Norway.
C) They were relocated to Svalbard.
D) They established a thriving population.
  • 44. How many muskoxen were released within the Pleistocene Park project area in 2010?
A) Six
B) Ten
C) Seventeen
D) Fifty
  • 45. How many muskoxen typically live in a herd during winter?
A) 5–10
B) 30–40
C) 8–20
D) 12–24
  • 46. When does the mating season for muskoxen begin?
A) Mid-September
B) December
C) Early April
D) Late June or early July
  • 47. Who usually forms the front line of defense against predators?
A) Juveniles
B) The cows
C) The bulls
D) The calves
  • 48. During which season do females take charge in leading their groups?
A) Winter
B) Summer
C) Gestation
D) Rutting
  • 49. What is the odor of preorbital gland secretion in muskoxen described as?
A) Foul and pungent
B) Sour and bitter
C) Light, sweetish, ethereal
D) Strong and rank
  • 50. Which compound is most abundant in the series of straight-chain saturated γ-lactones found in muskox preorbital gland secretion?
A) C8H14O2
B) C10H18O2
C) C12H22O2
D) C12H20O2
  • 51. From which gland does the 'strong' and 'rank' odor of dominant rutting male muskoxen derive?
A) Preorbital gland
B) Preputial gland
C) Fur gland
D) Urine gland
  • 52. Which compound is most abundant in the series of straight-chain saturated hydrocarbons found in muskox preputial gland secretion?
A) C24H50
B) C22H46
C) C30H62
D) C32H66
  • 53. What is one reason for the historical decline of muskox populations?
A) Climate change
B) Overhunting
C) Predation by wolves
D) Disease outbreaks
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