Reconstruction era - Quiz
Reconstruction era
  • 1. The Reconstruction era followed which major historical event?
A) American Civil War
B) War of 1812
C) The Great Depression
D) World War I
  • 2. How many amendments were added to the Constitution to grant citizenship and equal rights to freed slaves?
A) Two
B) Four
C) Three
D) Five
  • 3. What methods did former Confederate states use to prevent Black citizens from voting?
A) Age restrictions and land ownership
B) Required military service
C) Poll taxes and literacy tests
D) Religious test oaths
  • 4. Which institution played a vital role in establishing a free labor economy in the South?
A) The Supreme Court
B) The United States Army
C) The Freedmen's Bureau
D) The Red Cross
  • 5. What was the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?
A) To provide food and shelter to freed slaves
B) To conduct military trials
C) To manage the Confederate government
D) To collect taxes from the South
  • 6. Which plan for readmission of states did Abraham Lincoln favor?
A) The Redeemers plan
B) Wade-Davis Bill
C) Radical reconstruction plan
D) Ten percent plan
  • 7. Who succeeded Abraham Lincoln as President after his assassination?
A) William Seward
B) Ulysses S. Grant
C) Rutherford B. Hayes
D) Andrew Johnson
  • 8. What were the restrictive laws passed by Southern states during Andrew Johnson's presidency called?
A) Black Codes
B) Reconstruction Acts
C) Confederate Statutes
D) Jim Crow Laws
  • 9. Which political group gained majorities in Congress in the 1866 midterm elections?
A) Democrats
B) Radical Republicans
C) Whigs
D) Moderates
  • 10. What groups engaged in paramilitary insurgency and terrorism to disrupt Reconstruction governments?
A) The Union Army and Navy
B) Ku Klux Klan, White League, and Red Shirts
C) Freedmen's Committees
D) Congressional delegates
  • 11. What was the result of Andrew Johnson's impeachment by the House of Representatives?
A) He was not convicted by the Senate
B) He was sent to prison
C) He was removed from office
D) He resigned immediately
  • 12. Which legislation was enacted under President Ulysses S. Grant to enforce civil rights?
A) Wade-Davis Bill
B) Ten percent plan
C) Confiscation Act
D) Ku Klux Klan Act
  • 13. What event effectively ended the Reconstruction era?
A) Election of 1866
B) Compromise of 1877
C) The impeachment of Johnson
D) The Civil War
  • 14. Who won the presidential election of 1876?
A) Andrew Johnson
B) Abraham Lincoln
C) Ulysses S. Grant
D) Rutherford B. Hayes
  • 15. What did the failure of the Lodge Bill in 1890 signify?
A) The end of efforts to enforce federal civil rights in the South
B) The election of Andrew Johnson
C) The beginning of the Freedmen's Bureau
D) The start of the Civil War
  • 16. What was a primary goal of the 'Redeemers' in the South?
A) To support the Radical Republicans
B) To restore white supremacy
C) To assist the Freedmen's Bureau
D) To enforce the Wade-Davis Bill
  • 17. What legislation provided the precedent for the Emancipation Proclamation?
A) Confiscation Acts
B) Lodge Bill
C) Black Codes
D) Ku Klux Klan Act
  • 18. What period of time does the American Civil War span?
A) 1850–1860
B) 1865–1877
C) 1861–1865
D) 1877–1890
  • 19. What does the text suggest is one of the positive legacies of Reconstruction?
A) The total replacement of Southern elite
B) The total elimination of poverty
C) Establishing a legal framework for racial equality
D) The immediate end of all violence
  • 20. What did the Reconstruction Acts of 1867–68 dictate?
A) Restrictions on federal spending
B) Terms for presidential impeachment
C) Terms for readmission of former Confederate states
D) Conditions for ending slavery
  • 21. Which historian proposes 1863 as the start date of Reconstruction?
A) Heather Cox Richardson
B) Fritzhugh Brundage
C) Eric Foner
D) Manisha Sinha
  • 22. What was the significance of November 7, 1861, for the Gullah population?
A) They gained the right to vote
B) They became free overnight
C) They formed a new government
D) They were relocated to the North
  • 23. Heather Cox Richardson argues that Reconstruction ended in 1920 with the election of which president?
A) Rutherford B. Hayes
B) Warren G. Harding
C) Abraham Lincoln
D) Ulysses S. Grant
  • 24. According to the text, what happened after the Battle of Port Royal?
A) Slaveholders fled the area
B) The Emancipation Proclamation was signed
C) Federal troops were defeated
D) The Lodge Bill was introduced
  • 25. What event in 1860 does Manisha Sinha link to the beginning of Reconstruction?
A) Lincoln winning the presidency
B) The Battle of Port Royal
C) The start of the Civil War
D) The ratification of the 13th amendment
  • 26. How many Southern states seceded from the United States following Lincoln's election?
A) Eleven
B) Seven
C) Nine
D) Thirteen
  • 27. What event prompted Lincoln to raise an army to quell the South?
A) The secession of South Carolina
B) The collapse of the plantation economy
C) The Emancipation Proclamation
D) The assault on Fort Sumter
  • 28. How many named battles were fought during the American Civil War?
A) 150
B) 500
C) 237
D) 300
  • 29. What type of jobs were Black women largely confined to after the war?
A) Railroad construction
B) Domestic work
C) Legal advocacy
D) Lumber mill management
  • 30. What economic system replaced the plantation system following the war?
A) Industrial manufacturing
B) Mercantilism
C) Sharecropping
D) State-run collective farming
  • 31. According to David W. Blight, which vision emphasized full citizenship and constitutional equality?
A) The reconciliationist vision
B) The white supremacist vision
C) The emancipationist vision
D) The plantation revival vision
  • 32. Which vision of Reconstruction focused on coping with the death and devastation of the war?
A) The emancipationist vision
B) The industrialization vision
C) The reconciliationist vision
D) The white supremacist vision
  • 33. What happened to the value of the Confederate dollar by early 1865?
A) It remained stable
B) It increased in value due to gold backing
C) It doubled in purchasing power
D) It had nearly zero value
  • 34. How many cities in the Confederate States were occupied by Union forces at some point?
A) 297
B) 11
C) 162
D) 835
  • 35. Which of these cities was noted for being destroyed or severely damaged by military action?
A) Montgomery
B) Savannah
C) Atlanta
D) New Orleans
  • 36. What percentage of Southern livestock had been killed by the end of the war?
A) 60%
B) 25%
C) 40%
D) 10%
  • 37. What became a high priority for Reconstruction state governments?
A) Expanding the banking system
B) Increasing farm mechanization
C) Building new military forts
D) Restoring the infrastructure
  • 38. How much of the South's railroad infrastructure was in areas reached by Union armies?
A) Exactly half
B) Nearly all
C) Less than one-quarter
D) Over two-thirds
  • 39. What fraction of Southern White men of military age died during the Civil War?
A) Over a quarter
B) One-third
C) One-half
D) One-tenth
  • 40. To what amount did the per capita income for White Southerners decline by 1879?
A) $125
B) $50
C) $100
D) $80
  • 41. Who led the unionist government in Virginia that was recognized by the United States during the Civil War?
A) Abraham Lincoln
B) Andrew Johnson
C) Wade Davis
D) Francis Harrison Pierpont
  • 42. Which state was formed after the Pierpont government separated the northwestern counties of Virginia?
A) Arkansas
B) Tennessee
C) Louisiana
D) West Virginia
  • 43. On what date did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation?
A) December 8, 1863
B) January 16, 1865
C) April 14, 1865
D) January 1, 1863
  • 44. Who issued Special Field Orders No. 15 on January 16, 1865?
A) Ulysses S. Grant
B) William Tecumseh Sherman
C) Andrew Johnson
D) Robert E. Lee
  • 45. Who did Robert E. Lee surrender to on April 9, 1865?
A) Abraham Lincoln
B) William Tecumseh Sherman
C) Ulysses S. Grant
D) Andrew Johnson
  • 46. Who assassinated President Lincoln on April 14, 1865?
A) Robert E. Lee
B) Andrew Johnson
C) John Wilkes Booth
D) Edwin Stanton
  • 47. Which state was the first to be readmitted to the Union on July 24, 1866?
A) Louisiana
B) Georgia
C) South Carolina
D) Tennessee
  • 48. What event took place in New Orleans on July 30, 1866?
A) The surrender of Robert E. Lee
B) A riot at a constitutional convention
C) The passing of the Enforcement Act
D) The impeachment of Andrew Johnson
  • 49. When was the Fourteenth Amendment ratified?
A) May 31, 1870
B) December 6, 1865
C) July 9, 1868
D) February 3, 1870
  • 50. What was the final Confederate state to be readmitted to the Union?
A) Tennessee
B) Louisiana
C) South Carolina
D) Georgia
  • 51. When did the Ku Klux Klan Act become law?
A) February 28, 1871
B) April 20, 1871
C) May 31, 1870
D) May 22, 1872
  • 52. What was the required percentage of White males needed to take the Ironclad Oath in the Wade–Davis Bill?
A) 10%
B) 75%
C) 25%
D) 51%
  • 53. What policy did Lincoln announce in his second inaugural address?
A) Total revolution of Southern institutions
B) Punishment for all Confederates
C) Malice toward none
D) Immediate enfranchisement of all freedmen
  • 54. Who insisted that Reconstruction must revolutionize Southern institutions, habits, and manners?
A) The Copperheads
B) Andrew Johnson
C) Abraham Lincoln
D) Thaddeus Stevens
  • 55. On what date did Andrew Johnson veto the Civil Rights Act?
A) April 15, 1865
B) December 1, 1865
C) March 27, 1866
D) January 1, 1866
  • 56. Which group did Johnson align himself with during the political warfare with Congress?
A) The Whigs
B) The Democrats
C) The Radical Republicans
D) The Unionists
  • 57. Which 1866 event was used as evidence of violence against Black people?
A) Memphis riots
B) The Kansas-Nebraska uprising
C) The Civil War draft riots
D) The Boston Tea Party
  • 58. How did Stevens view the status of Southern states after secession?
A) As sovereign nations
B) Like new territories
C) As fully restored Union members
D) As unaffected entities
  • 59. In what year were the Reconstruction Acts passed by Congress?
A) 1867
B) 1865
C) 1877
D) 1869
  • 60. Which amendment were Southern governments required to accept to be readmitted?
A) Twelfth Amendment
B) Fourteenth Amendment
C) Fifteenth Amendment
D) Thirteenth Amendment
  • 61. What status did constitutional amendments grant to all African Americans?
A) Full citizenship
B) Military exemption
C) Land ownership
D) Tax immunity
  • 62. Who were the primary individuals moving from the North to aid freedmen?
A) Educated Blacks
B) Southern plantation owners
C) European immigrants
D) Confederate refugees
  • 63. What was the derogatory term used by White Democrats for Southerners supportive of the Union?
A) Loyalists
B) Mugwumps
C) Carpetbaggers
D) Scalawags
  • 64. What was the derogatory term used by White Democrats for Northerners who migrated to the South?
A) Carpetbaggers
B) Unionists
C) Freedmen
D) Scalawags
  • 65. What tool did Radical Republicans repeatedly use to try to prevent former Confederates from voting?
A) The Ironclad Oath
B) The Bill of Rights
C) The Reconstruction Act of 1867
D) The Emancipation Proclamation
  • 66. How many freedmen were to be counted as citizens according to the census debates?
A) 2 million
B) 1 million
C) 8 million
D) 4 million
  • 67. What was the approximate White illiteracy rate in North Carolina in 1880?
A) 33%
B) 9%
C) 25%
D) 70%
  • 68. When did women finally gain the right to vote through a Constitutional amendment?
A) 1920
B) 1867
C) 1908
D) 1890
  • 69. What mechanism did some Southern states use to allow illiterate Whites to vote while disenfranchising Blacks?
A) Grandfather clauses
B) Literacy tests administered in private
C) Poll taxes
D) Wealth requirements for Blacks only
  • 70. Which department ordered the meeting of the Southern Treaty Commission?
A) Interior Department
B) Treasury Department
C) State Department
D) Department of War
  • 71. What did the Congress statute allow the president to suspend if a tribe was in hostility to the U.S. government?
A) Migration patterns
B) Sovereign rights
C) Trade routes
D) Appropriations
  • 72. Who was the Attorney General responsible for the poor enforcement of the Confiscation Acts?
A) Edward Bates
B) Abraham Lincoln
C) John C. Frémont
D) David Hunter
  • 73. What happened to Major General John C. Frémont after refusing to rescind his emancipation order?
A) Terminated from active duty
B) Sent to negotiate with Native Americans
C) Promoted to commander in Washington
D) Given a formal reprimand but kept his post
  • 74. What territory was created as a de facto result of the treaties negotiated by the Southern Treaty Commission?
A) The Missouri Territory
B) The Western Reconstruction Zone
C) Unorganized Oklahoma Territory
D) The Arkansas District
  • 75. Where did Lincoln advocate for compensated emancipation in a conference?
A) Washington D.C.
B) Appomattox
C) Gettysburg
D) Hampton Roads
  • 76. Where did Lincoln urge African American leaders to colonize in August 1862?
A) Central America
B) Canada
C) Australia
D) Europe
  • 77. Which prominent activist criticized Lincoln's colonization plans?
A) Andrew Johnson
B) Frederick Douglass
C) Edward Stanly
D) Benjamin Flanders
  • 78. How many Black colonists were sent to Chiriqui?
A) 1000
B) 50
C) 453
D) 2000
  • 79. Who did Lincoln appoint as military governor of Louisiana?
A) Edward Stanly
B) George Foster Shepley
C) Andrew Johnson
D) John S. Phelps
  • 80. What reason did Lincoln give for his authority to strike at slavery in July 1862?
A) Congressional mandate
B) International pressure
C) Public opinion polls
D) A military necessity
  • 81. How many days did the preliminary proclamation give the rebels to return to the Union?
A) 60 days
B) 30 days
C) 100 days
D) 120 days
  • 82. Which of these states was not included in the Emancipation Proclamation because it had not seceded?
A) Mississippi
B) South Carolina
C) Kentucky
D) Alabama
  • 83. What prevented Lincoln from appointing a commissioner for the Freedmen's Bureau?
A) His assassination
B) Congressional opposition
C) The end of the war
D) Lack of qualified candidates
  • 84. Which specific area of Washington, D.C. transport did Lincoln outlaw discrimination in?
A) Public railroads
B) Public street cars
C) Horse-drawn carriages
D) Public ferries
  • 85. Which Confederate official attended the Hampton Roads conference?
A) Robert E. Lee
B) Alexander H. Stephens
C) Stonewall Jackson
D) Jefferson Davis
  • 86. What country did the Southern delegation suggest a joint attack on?
A) Canada
B) Mexico
C) Great Britain
D) France
  • 87. Who was the Emperor of Mexico at the time of the Hampton Roads conference?
A) Benito Juarez
B) Napoleon III
C) Porfirio Diaz
D) Maximilian I
  • 88. What did Lincoln propose regarding the costs of freedom for slaves?
A) Confiscation of Southern property
B) Foreign loans
C) Compensated emancipation
D) Taxation of the South
  • 89. How did Lincoln characterize the future of slavery during the conference?
A) Slavery is essential
B) Slavery must continue
C) Slavery is doomed
D) Slavery is a state issue
  • 90. What was the final outcome of the Hampton Roads peace conference?
A) A joint attack on Mexico was planned
B) No agreements were settled
C) The Confederacy surrendered
D) A truce was signed
  • 91. What was the tone of the meeting at Hampton Roads?
A) Violent
B) Secretive
C) Hostile
D) Cordial
  • 92. Which individual was the commandant of the Andersonville prison camp?
A) Benjamin Franklin Perry
B) Henry Wirz
C) Champ Ferguson
D) Jefferson Davis
  • 93. What labor system did freed people prefer over gang labor?
A) Plantation slavery
B) Family-based labor groups
C) Industrial factory work
D) State-run labor camps
  • 94. Who provided a harsh assessment of the conditions for freedmen along the Gulf Coast?
A) Henry Wirz
B) Andrew Johnson
C) Benjamin Franklin Perry
D) Carl Schurz
  • 95. What was the primary goal of the county courts regarding Black defendants?
A) Fast conviction
B) Fair trial
C) Legal education
D) Rehabilitation
  • 96. Who was the provisional governor of South Carolina appointed by Johnson?
A) Jefferson Davis
B) Benjamin Franklin Perry
C) Carl Schurz
D) Henry C. Magruder
  • 97. Who was the Senate leader of the Radical Republicans?
A) Lyman Trumbull
B) Thaddeus Stevens
C) James Schouler
D) Charles Sumner
  • 98. How many members were on the Joint Committee on Reconstruction?
A) 20
B) 12
C) 10
D) 15
  • 99. Who led the moderate Republicans in the Senate?
A) Charles Sumner
B) Andrew Johnson
C) Thaddeus Stevens
D) Lyman Trumbull
  • 100. What was the House vote count for the Civil Rights Bill?
A) 15–0
B) 111–38
C) 50–50
D) 33–12
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