Eyjafjallajökull - Quiz
Eyjafjallajökull
  • 1. When was unusual seismic activity first registered by the Icelandic Meteorological Office in 2010?
A) 20 March 2010
B) 14 April 2010
C) 3 March 2010
D) 26 February 2010
  • 2. What evidence suggested magma was filling the magma chamber of Eyjafjallajökull?
A) Increased local temperature
B) Visible smoke at the summit
C) Rapid expansion of the Earth's crust
D) Increased glacial melting
  • 3. Where did the huge crustal displacement occur in early 2010?
A) Fimmvörðuháls pass
B) Skógar hiking trail
C) The top crater
D) Þorvaldseyri farm
  • 4. What was the depth range of the small earthquakes detected in March 2010?
A) 1–3 kilometres
B) 15–20 kilometres
C) 7–10 kilometres
D) 50–100 kilometres
  • 5. When did the first eruption of 2010 officially begin?
A) 14 April 2010
B) 3 March 2010
C) 26 February 2010
D) 20 March 2010
  • 6. Where was the location of the first eruption on 20 March 2010?
A) The main glacier crater
B) Þorvaldseyri farm
C) The southern coast of Iceland
D) Fimmvörðuháls
  • 7. What was the length of the radial fissure vent in the first eruption?
A) 500 metres
B) 100 metres
C) 300 metres
D) 1 kilometre
  • 8. What was the maximum height reached by the lava fountains during the first eruption?
A) 300 metres
B) 1 kilometre
C) 50 metres
D) 185 metres
  • 9. When did the second major eruption period begin in 2010?
A) 14 April 2010
B) 1 May 2010
C) 20 March 2010
D) 23 May 2010
  • 10. What does the term 'jökulhlaup' refer to in the text?
A) Lava fountains
B) Ash clouds
C) Meltwater floods
D) Seismic tremors
  • 11. How many people were evacuated during the 14 April 2010 eruption?
A) 800
B) 100
C) 5,000
D) 10,000
  • 12. What caused the second eruption to be explosive?
A) Meltwater getting into the volcanic vent
B) The depth of the magma chamber
C) High atmospheric pressure
D) The type of rock found at the summit
  • 13. How long did the air travel disruption last in April 2010?
A) Twelve days
B) Six days
C) One month
D) Two days
  • 14. Approximately how many air travellers were affected by the ash cloud?
A) 1 million
B) 10 million
C) 500,000
D) 20 million
  • 15. When did the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre declare the eruption to have stopped?
A) 23 May 2010
B) 14 April 2010
C) 20 March 2010
D) 1 August 2010
  • 16. What status was Eyjafjallajökull given as of August 2010?
A) Extinct
B) Erupting
C) Active
D) Dormant
  • 17. What was installed around the volcano to monitor for future eruptions?
A) Infrasound sensors
B) Cameras
C) Temperature probes
D) Ocean buoys
  • 18. What was the total volume of tephra generated by the 2010 eruptions?
A) 0.27 cubic km
B) 1.0 cubic km
C) 0.01 cubic km
D) 5.0 cubic km
  • 19. Which neighbouring icecap is mentioned alongside Eyjafjallajökull?
A) Vatnajökull
B) Langjökull
C) Mýrdalsjökull
D) Hofsjökull
  • 20. What type of volcano is Eyjafjallajökull?
A) Cinder cone
B) Lava dome
C) Stratovolcano
D) Shield volcano
  • 21. What tectonic feature provides the magma source for the volcano?
A) Pacific Ring of Fire
B) Mid-Atlantic Ridge
C) East African Rift
D) Himalayan fault
  • 22. Which volcano is located to the northeast of Eyjafjallajökull?
A) Askja
B) Katla
C) Eldfell
D) Hekla
  • 23. What is the chemical composition of the lavas found in the volcano?
A) Granite to diorite
B) Peridotite to basalt
C) Rhyolite to dacite
D) Basalt to andesite
  • 24. What toxic substance found in the 1821 ash caused damage to animal bone structure?
A) Fluoride
B) Mercury
C) Lead
D) Sulfur dioxide
  • 25. What was the VEI level of the 920 Skerin Ridge eruption?
A) VEI 3
B) VEI 5
C) VEI 1
D) VEI 7
  • 26. What is the silicon dioxide content of the 1821 ash?
A) 10–20%
B) 28–40%
C) 50–60%
D) 70–80%
  • 27. What type of eruption occurred in 1612 and 1821?
A) VEI 4 major fissure eruptions
B) VEI 6 catastrophic explosive eruptions
C) VEI 2 small summit eruptions
D) VEI 1 effusive lava flows
  • 28. Which volcano is located on Heimaey to the southwest of Eyjafjallajökull?
A) Krafla
B) Hekla
C) Katla
D) Eldfell
  • 29. What is the numeronym sometimes used to refer to Eyjafjallajökull?
A) E5
B) E20
C) E15
D) E10
  • 30. How large was the area covered by the retreating ice cap in 2019?
A) 66 km2
B) 50 km2
C) 100 km2
D) 80 km2
  • 31. When did the massive landslide on the Steinsholtsjökull glacial tongue occur?
A) 1967
B) 2010
C) 1999
D) 1950
  • 32. What is the best known waterfall on the sheer cliffs of the former coastline?
A) Seljalandsfoss
B) Skógafoss
C) Dettifoss
D) Gullfoss
  • 33. What does the word 'jökull' mean in Icelandic?
A) Mountain
B) Island
C) Glacier or ice cap
D) Volcano
  • 34. What is the literal translation of 'fjöll'?
A) Glaciers
B) Fells or mountains
C) Craters
D) Islands
  • 35. The name Eyjafjallajökull literally translates to what?
A) Northern ice cap
B) Volcano of the sea
C) Islands' Mountains' glacier
D) Glacier of the landslide
  • 36. To which archipelago does the name 'Eyjafjöll' likely refer?
A) Shetland Islands
B) Vestmannaeyjar
C) Greenland
D) Faroe Islands
  • 37. Where are the seismometers that monitored the 1967 landslide located?
A) Kirkjubæjarklaustur
B) Skógar
C) Reykjavík
D) Eyjafjöll
  • 38. In which years did historical eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull precede an eruption of Katla?
A) 2010, 2011, and 2012
B) 1999, 2005, and 2010
C) 1700, 1800, and 1900
D) 920, 1612, and 1821–1823
  • 39. Did Katla display unusual activity during the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull?
A) No
B) Yes, it erupted simultaneously
C) Yes, crust expansion was noted
D) Yes, seismic activity was high
  • 40. Since what year have geologists been concerned about the general instability of Katla?
A) 2010
B) 1990
C) 1999
D) 2005
  • 41. Who stated in April 2010 that the time for Katla to erupt was coming close?
A) The Icelandic Meteorological Office
B) A volcano research team
C) Icelandic President Ólafur Grímsson
D) NASA
  • 42. What significant event occurred on 8 July 2011 related to Katla's glacier?
A) A permanent shutdown of local webcams
B) A massive volcanic eruption
C) A jökulhlaup destroyed a bridge
D) A large earthquake of magnitude 8
  • 43. What is the consequence mentioned if Katla were to erupt?
A) Permanent destruction of the Ring Road
B) An end to all volcanic activity in Iceland
C) Immediate global climate cooling
D) Major flooding and massive ash plumes
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