Trajan's Column - Quiz
Trajan s Column
  • 1. What is Trajan's Column?
A) A Roman triumphal column
B) A triumphal arch
C) A temple dedicated to Mars
D) A Roman aqueduct
  • 2. Which emperor's victory does the column commemorate?
A) Julius Caesar's victory over Pompey
B) Trajan's victory in the Dacian Wars
C) Augustus's victory in the Gallic Wars
D) Marcus Aurelius's victory in the Marcomannic Wars
  • 3. Who likely supervised the construction of the column?
A) Agrippa
B) Vitruvius
C) Apollodorus of Damascus
D) Rabirius
  • 4. At whose order was the column constructed?
A) The Roman People
B) The Praetorian Guard
C) Emperor Hadrian
D) The Roman Senate
  • 5. Where is Trajan's Column located?
A) Near the Colosseum
B) In Trajan's Forum
C) In the Campus Martius
D) In the Roman Forum
  • 6. When was the column completed and dedicated?
A) 12 May 113 AD
B) 101 AD
C) 1587 AD
D) 117 AD
  • 7. What is the column most famous for?
A) Its massive bronze statue
B) Its spiral bas relief
C) Its height
D) Its hidden treasury room
  • 8. What is the approximate height of the structure including its pedestal?
A) 50 metres (164 feet)
B) 20 metres (66 feet)
C) 35 metres (115 feet)
D) 30 metres (98 feet)
  • 9. What material is the shaft made from?
A) Travertine limestone
B) Red brick
C) Granite blocks
D) Carrara marble drums
  • 10. How many marble drums make up the shaft?
A) 25
B) 15
C) 20
D) 10
  • 11. How much does each marble drum weigh approximately?
A) 100 tons
B) 32 tons
C) 53.3 tons
D) 10 tons
  • 12. How long is the frieze that winds around the shaft?
A) 100-metre (328-foot)
B) 300-metre (984-foot)
C) 250-metre (820-foot)
D) 190-metre (620-foot)
  • 13. How many times does the frieze wind around the shaft?
A) 23 times
B) 30 times
C) 15 times
D) 10 times
  • 14. How many steps are in the internal spiral staircase?
A) 300 steps
B) 185 steps
C) 250 steps
D) 100 steps
  • 15. What is located at the top of the spiral staircase inside the shaft?
A) An altar to Jupiter
B) A water reservoir
C) A secret burial chamber
D) A viewing deck
  • 16. How much does the capital block of the column weigh?
A) 15 tons
B) 100 tons
C) 53.3 tons
D) 32 tons
  • 17. What did ancient coins indicate was the preliminary plan to top the column with?
A) A statue of a bird, probably an eagle
B) A statue of a lion
C) A statue of a wolf
D) A statue of Victory
  • 18. What statue was originally put in place at the top after construction?
A) A statue of Saint Peter
B) A statue of Trajan
C) A statue of Augustus
D) A statue of an eagle
  • 19. When did the original statue at the top disappear?
A) In antiquity
B) In the 19th century
C) During the Renaissance
D) In the Middle Ages
  • 20. Who crowned the top of the column with a bronze figure of Saint Peter on December 4, 1587?
A) Pope Sixtus V
B) Pope Leo X
C) Pope Julius II
D) Pope Gregory XIII
  • 21. What two sections originally flanked Trajan's Column?
A) Two sections of the Ulpian Library
B) Two residential villas
C) Two temples of the imperial cult
D) Two basilicas of justice
  • 22. What were the two chambers of the library that flanked the column?
A) A Roman chamber and an Egyptian chamber
B) A philosophical chamber and a legal chamber
C) A public chamber and a private chamber
D) A Greek chamber and a Latin chamber
  • 23. What did the walls of the library chambers have lined in their niches?
A) Bronze statues of philosophers
B) Painted murals of battles
C) Wooden bookcases for scrolls
D) Marble busts of emperors
  • 24. What lost work by Trajan did the Latin chamber likely contain?
A) His military manual on bridge building
B) His personal memoirs, the Commentarii
C) His commentary on the Dacian Wars, the Dacica
D) His letters to Pliny the Younger
  • 25. How many figures are shown on the column in total?
A) 500 figures
B) 1,500 figures
C) 3,000 figures
D) 2,662 figures
  • 26. How many scenes are shown on the column?
A) 155 scenes
B) 230 scenes
C) 50 scenes
D) 500 scenes
  • 27. How many times does Emperor Trajan appear on the column?
A) 58 times
B) 10 times
C) 25 times
D) 100 times
  • 28. What was the continuous helical frieze considered to be in its time?
A) A failed artistic experiment
B) A copy of Egyptian obelisks
C) A traditional Greek design
D) An architectural innovation
  • 29. Which later emperor adopted the design of the helical frieze?
A) Constantine
B) Marcus Aurelius
C) Augustus
D) Nero
  • 30. How does the narrative band expand from base to top?
A) From about 1 metre to 1.2 metres
B) From 0.5 metres to 2 metres
C) From 2 metres to 1 metre
D) It stays the exact same width
  • 31. How are the scenes on the frieze unfolded?
A) In reverse order
B) In isolated square frames
C) Continuously
D) Chronologically separated by text
  • 32. What is true about the perspectives used in the same scene on the frieze?
A) A variety of different perspectives are used to reveal more
B) Only aerial perspectives are used
C) No perspective is used at all
D) Strict linear perspective is always maintained
  • 33. Which military campaigns are portrayed on the lower half of the relief?
A) The Parthian War
B) The first campaign (101–102)
C) The Gallic Wars
D) The second campaign (105–106)
  • 34. Which military campaigns are portrayed on the top half of the relief?
A) The first campaign (101–102)
B) The Germanic Wars
C) The second campaign (105–106)
D) The civil wars
  • 35. What was the relationship in time between the portrayed campaigns and the column's construction?
A) They were purely fictional future wars
B) They occurred centuries before construction
C) They happened during the Republic
D) They were contemporary to the time of construction
  • 36. Which of the following is a standardized scene repeated on the frieze?
A) Senate debate
B) Imperial address (adlocutio)
C) Gladiatorial combat
D) Naval defeat
  • 37. Which standardized scene involving sacrifice is repeated on the frieze?
A) Supplicatio
B) Sacrificio
C) Lustratio
D) Consecratio
  • 38. What is the standardized scene of the army setting out called?
A) Profectio
B) Expeditio
C) Triumphus
D) Reditus
  • 39. What is the status of battle scenes on the column?
A) They are very much a minority
B) They are completely absent
C) They take up exactly half of the column
D) They make up the majority of the frieze
  • 40. Instead of battle, what does the column emphasize?
A) Political negotiations in the Senate
B) Panicked retreats and chaotic skirmishes
C) Triumphal parades through Rome
D) Orderly soldiers carrying out ceremony and construction
  • 41. What was the aim of the Dacian campaigns?
A) To completely annihilate the local population
B) To establish a temporary trading outpost
C) To incorporate and integrate Dacia into the Roman Empire as a province
D) To exact a one-time monetary tribute
  • 42. What is true about depictions of violent action towards foreign women and children on the column?
A) They are limited to the background
B) They are shown in great detail
C) They appear only in the upper half
D) They are nonexistent
  • 43. Who was the primary audience meant to be addressed by the lack of battle scenes and high number of construction scenes?
A) Foreign ambassadors visiting the capital
B) The conquered Dacian nobility
C) The Roman legionaries stationed abroad
D) The urban population of Rome
  • 44. What fear and distrust among the Roman urban population was the column's imagery likely addressing?
A) Their fear of foreign naval invasions
B) Their distrust of the Senate
C) Their fear of grain shortages
D) Their fear and distrust of the army
  • 45. What image of himself might Trajan have been supporting by portraying the Roman army as relatively gentle?
A) A religious prophet and reformer
B) A man of justice, clemency, moderation, and restraint
C) An austere and unyielding dictator
D) A ruthless conqueror of nations
  • 46. What do some scholars argue the numerous tree-felling scenes and the bridging of the Danube mean?
A) A peaceful commercial partnership
B) A more total conquest of the province than had previously been achieved
C) An ecological disaster caused by the Romans
D) The construction of a temporary road network
  • 47. How many trees on the column are being felled out of a total number of trees?
A) 5 of the 500 trees
B) 100 of the 200 trees
C) 48 of the 224 trees
D) 10 of the 50 trees
  • 48. What separates the two war sections on the column?
A) A large portrait of Emperor Trajan
B) An inscription dedicated to Jupiter
C) A personification of victory writing on a shield flanked by trophies
D) A carving of a sacrificial bull
  • 49. Which key specific event is portrayed at the base of the second war?
A) The signing of the initial peace treaty
B) The assassination of Decebalus
C) The burning of the Dacian capital
D) The great sacrifice by the Danube bridge
  • 50. Whose death is portrayed as a key specific event on the column?
A) Apollodorus of Damascus
B) The Dacian king Decebalus
C) Emperor Trajan
D) King Burebista
  • 51. What military equipment detail is visible in the relief?
A) Greek fire siphons
B) A ballista or catapult
C) Steel crossbows
D) Gunpowder cannons
  • 52. How many types of individually stylised trees are identified on the column by scholars?
A) 37 types
B) 10 types
C) 50 types
D) 12 types
  • 53. What artistic style is Emperor Trajan depicted in?
A) Veristic style
B) Idealized classical style
C) Gothic style
D) Abstract style
  • 54. Where do women for the most part appear on the column?
A) They appear only on the top viewing platform
B) They occupy the central heroic positions
C) They are completely absent from all scenes
D) They occupy and define the margins of the scenes
  • 55. Why is the inclusion of mortal females in the column's relief remarkable?
A) Dacian women did not wear clothes
B) Women were forbidden from entering Rome
C) Female figures were reserved only for coins
D) Mortal females in Roman state art are so rare
  • 56. In the male discourse of warfare, what is the visual trope of women used to develop?
A) The importance of agricultural labor
B) The idea of subjugation by feminizing the foreign conquered
C) The idea of democratic political alliances
D) The strength of Dacian military resistance
  • 57. What is described as 'one of the most unusual, disturbing, and violent depictions of women in Roman art'?
A) The abduction of the Sabine women
B) The torture scene
C) The mass suicide scene
D) The mourning of fallen soldiers
  • 58. Who is depicted in the unusual torture scene on the column?
A) Roman soldiers torturing Dacian captives
B) Roman women defending a burning fort
C) Four Dacian women torturing two naked men
D) Dacian priests sacrificing animals
  • 59. What effect do the precise details on the column create?
A) An abstract allegorical effect
B) A humorous caricature effect
C) A strong effect of verisimilitude
D) A surreal mythological effect
  • 60. How does the designer present the images on the column?
A) As objective historical truth
B) As prophetic visions of the future
C) As mythological fiction
D) As theatrical stage performances
  • 61. What role does Trajan play as the central hero among his troops?
A) He is depicted as a giant god making 100 appearances
B) He is depicted realistically making 58 appearances
C) He appears only once at the very top
D) He is hidden among the crowd in disguise
  • 62. What kind of information does the relief provide a valuable source for?
A) Roman and barbarian arms, methods of warfare, and costume
B) Greek theatrical scripts and music
C) Early Christian religious rituals
D) Roman culinary recipes and dining habits
  • 63. Which of the following is specifically mentioned as being shown in the relief's details?
A) Gladiatorial arenas
B) Forts, ships, and weapons
C) Agricultural windmills
D) Chariot race tracks
  • 64. What was the Dacica?
A) A legal code written by Apollodorus
B) A collection of poetry about Rome
C) A map of the Danube river
D) Trajan's lost commentary on the Dacian Wars
  • 65. What did most scholars agree the Dacica was intended to do?
A) Serve as a textbook for Roman children
B) Be buried inside the column's pedestal
C) Be echoed in the spiralling, sculpted narrative design of the column
D) Be read aloud during Senate meetings
  • 66. What was the purpose of the Ulpian Library's wall niches?
A) To burn oil lamps for lighting
B) To hold wooden bookcases for scrolls
C) To display marble busts of conquered kings
D) To store military weapons
  • 67. Which Italian city is Trajan's Column located in?
A) Florence
B) Milan
C) Rome
D) Naples
  • 68. In what language is the column known as 'Columna Traiani'?
A) Greek
B) Spanish
C) Latin
D) Italian
  • 69. In what language is the column known as 'Colonna Traiana'?
A) Italian
B) Latin
C) German
D) French
  • 70. Where is Trajan's Forum located relative to the Roman Forum?
A) South
B) West
C) North
D) East
  • 71. What specific landmark does the column's design have a history of inspiring?
A) Medieval clock towers
B) Numerous victory columns, both ancient and modern
C) Roman triumphal arches
D) Egyptian obelisks
  • 72. What structural feature provides access to the viewing deck?
A) A wooden ladder
B) A spiral staircase
C) An external stone ramp
D) A system of pulley ropes
  • 73. What height had the heavy capital block to be lifted to during construction?
A) About 15 metres (49 feet)
B) About 34 metres (112 feet)
C) About 20 metres (66 feet)
D) About 50 metres (164 feet)
  • 74. What metal figure was placed on top of the column by Pope Sixtus V?
A) A gold figure of an angel
B) A bronze figure of Saint Peter
C) A silver figure of an eagle
D) A bronze figure of Trajan
  • 75. What was contained within the Greek and Latin chambers of the Ulpian Library?
A) Statues of gods
B) Gold coins
C) Scrolls
D) Armour and shields
  • 76. How many figures total are crowded into the scenes, according to a specific reference in the text?
A) About 2,500 figures
B) Exactly 1,000 figures
C) 500 figures
D) Over 5,000 figures
  • 77. What professions are explicitly mentioned as crowding the scenes on the column?
A) Gladiators, actors, musicians and poets
B) Doctors, lawyers, architects and builders
C) Sailors, soldiers, statesmen and priests
D) Farmers, merchants, artists and slaves
  • 78. Which specific river crossing is portrayed as a key event on the column?
A) Crossing the Rubicon
B) Crossing the Rhine into Germania
C) The first crossing of the Danube by the Roman legion
D) Crossing the Euphrates in the East
  • 79. What type of voyage by Trajan is portrayed as a key specific event?
A) Trajan's voyage down the Tiber
B) Trajan's voyage to Britain
C) Trajan's voyage across the Mediterranean
D) Trajan's voyage up the Danube
  • 80. Whose surrender is portrayed at the close of the first war?
A) The surrender of the Parthians
B) The surrender of the Carthaginians
C) The surrender of the Dacians
D) The surrender of the Gauls
  • 81. What specific assault is highlighted as a key event portrayed on the column?
A) The assault on Jerusalem
B) The assault on the Dacian capital
C) The assault on Alesia
D) The assault on Carthage
  • 82. Where was the column placed within Trajan's Forum?
A) At the southern entrance
B) Toward the northernmost point
C) In the exact geographic center
D) Outside the main gates
  • 83. Which French archaeologist noted that the relief could be read vertically from below?
A) Gaston Boissier
B) Paul Veyne
C) Jean-Pierre Champollion
D) Victor Duruy
  • 84. Whose figure can be picked up scene after scene on the Colonne Vendôme?
A) Julius Caesar
B) Charlemagne
C) Augustus
D) Napoleon
  • 85. What practice during this time period involved emperors becoming gods?
A) Manumission
B) Exile
C) Deification
D) Ostracism
  • 86. When did Trajan die?
A) 98
B) 138
C) 117
D) 110
  • 87. What material were the urns holding the ashes made of?
A) Bronze
B) Gold
C) Marble
D) Silver
  • 88. What practice demanded of onlookers is evocative of Roman funerary practice?
A) Fastings
B) Circumambulation
C) Chanting
D) Genuflection
  • 89. How are numerals marked in the inscription?
A) With Roman square capitals
B) With manuscript lettering
C) With a titulus
D) With a dot
  • 90. Who designed the typeface Trajan in 1989?
A) Edward Gibbon
B) Carol Twombly
C) Frederic Goudy
D) Warren Chappell
  • 91. Whose research did Carol Twombly work from when designing the Trajan typeface?
A) Warren Chappell
B) Edward Catich
C) Edward Gibbon
D) Antoninus Pius
  • 92. How many window slits illuminate the ascent of the spiral stair?
A) 29 window slits
B) 6 window slits
C) 43 window slits
D) 185 window slits
  • 93. Which large building was located immediately next to Trajan's Column?
A) Basilica Ulpia
B) Place Vendôme
C) Capitoline Temple
D) Trajan's Market
  • 94. How many blocks of Luni marble make up the column?
A) 185 blocks
B) 29 blocks
C) 14 blocks
D) 19 blocks
  • 95. Out of how many blocks was the spiral stair carved?
A) 19 blocks
B) 29 blocks
C) 43 blocks
D) 185 blocks
  • 96. What victory did the column in the Place Vendôme in Paris commemorate?
A) Germany
B) Dacia
C) The Capitoline Hill
D) Austerlitz
  • 97. How many capstans were needed to hoist the 55 t base block according to modern calculations?
A) Four
B) Two
C) Twelve
D) Eight
  • 98. Which Renaissance architect later used a similar lifting tower to relocate obelisks in Rome?
A) Filippo Brunelleschi
B) Donato Bramante
C) Domenico Fontana
D) Michelangelo Buonarroti
  • 99. Where can individual casts of the frieze be seen, for example, in the Museum for Ancient Navigation?
A) Rome
B) Mainz
C) Bucharest
D) London
  • 100. Who published a complete monochrome survey of the column between 1896 and 1900?
A) The German Archaeological Institute
B) A team from the Victoria and Albert Museum
C) An anonymous Roman historian
D) Conrad Cichorius
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