A) Monoculture planting B) Soil erosion C) Animal overgrazing D) Road construction
A) Seismic activity B) Thermal degradation C) Volcanic ash deposition D) Water erosion
A) By promoting plant growth B) By increasing impermeable surfaces C) By reducing soil temperature D) By increasing soil aeration
A) Drip irrigation B) Crop rotation C) Organic composting D) Overgrazing of animals
A) About 10% B) About 75% C) About 50% D) About 38%
A) About 4 billion people B) About 1 billion people C) More than 6 billion people D) More than 2 billion people
A) Reduced by 50% B) Reduced by over 75% C) Reduced by 10% D) Reduced by 5%
A) 1–5% B) 80–100% C) 10–50% D) 50–80%
A) Less than 10% B) Exactly 25% C) Between 5% and 20% D) More than 50%
A) Developing countries B) North America C) Western Europe D) Developed countries
A) 50.0% B) 8.2% C) 40.5% D) 2.1%
A) Mud flows and floods B) Tsunamis and wildfires C) Tornadoes and hurricanes D) Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
A) Glacial melting B) Eutrophication C) Soil alkalization D) Desalination
A) Agricultural inputs and industrial, urban, and road pollutants B) Fish nutrients C) Only natural organic matter D) Pure mineral deposits
A) US$44 billion B) US$400 billion C) US$700 million D) US$915 million
A) About US$400 billion B) About US$1 trillion C) About US$10 billion D) About US$44 billion
A) 1994 B) 1974 C) 1984 D) 2004
A) Central America B) Densely populated South Asia C) Northern Europe D) Eastern Australia
A) Agroforestry B) Permaculture gardening C) Monoculture planting D) Crop rotation
A) Sustainable forestry B) Hydroponic farming C) Urban planning D) Improper agriculture practices
A) Mulching B) Tilling or plowing C) Cover cropping D) No-till farming
A) Soil erosion acceleration B) Increased crop yield C) Enhanced biodiversity D) Soil nutrient enrichment
A) It improves food security B) It has no impact on food security C) It reduces food security D) It eliminates food shortages
A) Floods can degrade soil, and soil degradation can cause floods B) Floods improve soil, and soil repairs floods C) Soil prevents floods, and floods create soil D) There is no relationship between floods and soil
A) Freshwater and oxygen B) Dissolved calcium and magnesium C) Plankton and algae D) Pesticides and fertilizers
A) Because they are completely natural B) Because they have no ecological effect C) Because they disappear instantly D) Because of the multiplicity of the products and their broad spectrum of action
A) Stabilization B) Enhancement C) Multiplication D) Perturbation
A) Disappearance B) Mutation C) Duplication D) Flourishing
A) Increased species adaptation B) Animal migration and population boom C) Expansion of ecosystems D) Biodiversity loss and animal extinction
A) Climax B) Humification C) Retrogression D) Pedolysis
A) Climax B) Retrogression C) Succession D) Pedolysis
A) Vegetation B) Pioneer species C) Original rock D) Bare rock outcrops
A) Lichens and mosses B) Pioneer species C) Secondary communities D) Herbaceous vegetation
A) Pioneer species B) Secondary communities C) Climax vegetation D) Mineral horizons
A) Human activity B) Pioneer species C) Natural physical states D) Climax vegetation
A) 23% B) 50% C) 25% D) 33%
A) 25% B) 50% C) 33% D) 23%
A) 33% B) 23% C) 50% D) 25%
A) Secondary communities B) Shrubs C) Climax vegetation D) Pioneer species
A) Herbaceous vegetation B) Bare rock outcrops C) B horizons D) Peat bogs
A) Lichens B) Bare rock C) Forest D) Mosses
A) The bedrock B) The A horizon C) The B horizon D) The C horizon
A) Primary plant communities B) Pioneer horizons C) Climax vegetation horizons D) Mineral horizons (B horizons)
A) Climax B) Pioneer stage C) Retrogression D) Pedolysis
A) "Humus horizon" B) "Secondary community" C) "Natural potential" D) "Bare rock outcrop"
A) The removal of mineral nutrients B) The erosion of the A horizon C) The process of soil degradation D) The evolution towards climax
A) Always exactly one hundred years B) Strictly uniform across all biomes C) Very variable D) Consistently over a million years
A) The peat bogs of Washington B) The International Food Policy Research Institute soil map C) The Pygmy forest sequence in Mendocino County, California D) The University of Bonn pastureland
A) Naturally B) Through intensive human activity C) Via rapid soil erosion D) Through the creation of peat bogs
A) Soils dominated by pioneer species B) Younger soils with only an A horizon C) Soils in the earliest stages of succession D) Older soils
A) Pedolysis B) Peat bog C) Climax D) Biome
A) Continental drift B) Natural selection C) Biorhexistasy D) Plate tectonics
A) Mechanically B) Thermally C) Radioactively D) Chemically
A) Catastrophism B) Homeostasis C) Biostasy D) Rhexistasy
A) Dense vegetation mats B) Fine clay particles C) Coarse detrital materials D) Rich organic humus
A) Biostasy B) Synthesis C) Rhexistasy D) Metamorphosis
A) Horizontal displacement B) Descending leaching C) Stagnant pooling D) Ascending circulation
A) Yes B) No, it is always total C) No, it is always partial D) Neither, it is always stable
A) Humus layers B) The upper horizons C) Leafy tree roots D) Nothing
A) Planting grasses B) Clearing C) Building root barriers D) Establishing biostasy
A) Abusive cuts B) Pioneer condition avoidance C) Natural avalanche prevention D) Water barrier maintenance
A) Humus addition B) Wind barrier construction C) Litters raking D) Ascending circulation support
A) High financial costs B) Long-term goals C) Government regulations D) Short-term benefits
A) Northern Thailand B) Northeast India C) Central Vietnam D) Southern Cambodia
A) Sand and gravel mixtures B) Synthetic chemical fertilizers C) Organic matter from termite mounds D) Crushed limestone and volcanic ash
A) Bentonite B) Kaolinite C) Illite D) Chlorite
A) Mica B) Quartz C) Smectite D) Kaolin
A) Thailand Science Research Council B) Chiang Mai University C) Bangkok Agricultural Institute D) Khon Kaen University
A) 50 kg B) 100 kg C) 500 kg D) 200 kg
A) 100% B) 50% C) 18% D) 73%
A) 1998 B) 2005 C) 2008 D) 2010
A) Three years B) Ten years C) Five years D) One year
A) 100 farmers B) 500 farmers C) 250 farmers D) 1,000 farmers
A) 5% higher B) 73% higher C) 18% higher D) 35% higher
A) Corn B) Rubber trees C) Rice D) Vegetables
A) 250 farmers B) 200 farmers C) 20,000 farmers D) 400 farmers
A) A further 200 farmers B) A further 20,000 farmers C) A further 250,000 farmers D) A further 400 farmers |