Analytic philosophy - Quiz
Analytic philosophy
  • 1. Analytic philosophy is a branch of philosophy that emphasizes clarity, rigor, and logical analysis in the examination of concepts and arguments. It originated in the early 20th century and is characterized by its focus on language, logic, and the philosophy of mind. Analytic philosophers often seek to clarify and analyze the meanings of concepts through the use of logic and language, aiming for precise and well-defined arguments. Key figures in analytic philosophy include Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and Gottlob Frege.

    Who formulated the famous 'philosophical zombie' argument?
A) John Dewey
B) David Chalmers
C) Ludwig Wittgenstein
D) Søren Kierkegaard
  • 2. Who is known for his work on logic and philosophy of mathematics in analytic philosophy?
A) Friedrich Nietzsche
B) Jean-Paul Sartre
C) Gottlob Frege
D) Jacques Derrida
  • 3. Which school of thought is closely associated with analytic philosophy?
A) New Age spirituality
B) Nihilism
C) Structuralism
D) Logical positivism
  • 4. Who famously presented the 'Gettier problem' in epistemology within analytic philosophy?
A) David Hume
B) Edmund Gettier
C) Henri Bergson
D) Friedrich Hayek
  • 5. Who is known for his work on the theory of descriptions in analytic philosophy?
A) Michel de Montaigne
B) Simone Weil
C) Bertrand Russell
D) Karl Marx
  • 6. Analytic philosophy originated primarily in which country?
A) Greece
B) United Kingdom
C) France
D) Germany
  • 7. Who introduced the concept of 'language games' in analytic philosophy?
A) Martin Heidegger
B) Michel Foucault
C) Ludwig Wittgenstein
D) Simone de Beauvoir
  • 8. What is the primary language of analytic philosophy?
A) Latin
B) English
C) German
D) French
  • 9. Which school of thought is characterized by an emphasis on analysis, clear prose, and formal logic?
A) Analytic philosophy
B) Existentialism
C) Phenomenology
D) Continental philosophy
  • 10. What is the linguistic turn in analytic philosophy primarily concerned with?
A) Language and meaning
B) Metaphysics and ontology
C) Aesthetics and art
D) Ethics and morality
  • 11. Which philosopher is known for introducing the problem of intentionality?
A) Franz Brentano
B) Gottlob Frege
C) Bertrand Russell
D) Ludwig Wittgenstein
  • 12. What does intentionality refer to in the context of mental phenomena?
A) An ethical judgment
B) A physical phenomenon's properties
C) The 'aboutness' or directedness towards an object
D) A mental state's intensity
  • 13. Which school of thought did Franz Brentano influence through his work?
A) Logical positivism
B) Existentialism
C) Hegelianism
D) The School of Brentano, including Husserl and Meinong
  • 14. Who founded the Graz School known for its unique ontology?
A) W. V. O. Quine
B) Saul Kripke
C) Wilfrid Sellars
D) Alexius Meinong
  • 15. What is the term used to describe Meinong's ontology of real, nonexistent objects?
A) Meinongianism
B) Analytic realism
C) Logical empiricism
D) Continental idealism
  • 16. Which philosopher emphasized 'small philosophy' and detailed analysis of specific problems?
A) David Lewis
B) Rudolf Carnap
C) G. E. Moore
D) Kazimierz Twardowski
  • 17. Which philosopher is associated with the decline of logical positivism?
A) Alexius Meinong
B) Wilfrid Sellars
C) Gottlob Frege
D) Franz Brentano
  • 18. What did Franz Brentano mean by 'intentional in-existence'?
A) A physical phenomenon's existence
B) The characteristic of mental phenomena to include an object within themselves
C) An ethical principle
D) A mathematical proof
  • 19. What is the term for objects like flying pigs or golden mountains in Meinong's ontology?
A) Physical phenomena
B) Logical constructs
C) Real, nonexistent objects
D) Empirical observations
  • 20. What is a key characteristic that distinguishes mental phenomena from physical phenomena according to Brentano?
A) Intentional in-existence
B) Physical presence
C) Empirical evidence
D) Logical consistency
  • 21. What is the main contrast between analytic and continental philosophy?
A) Analytic emphasizes ethics, while continental emphasizes logic
B) Analytic focuses on metaphysics, while continental focuses on science
C) Analytic is concerned with aesthetics, while continental is concerned with mathematics
D) Analytic focuses on technical analysis, while continental is more literary
  • 22. What philosophical project did Frege advocate for reducing arithmetic to pure logic?
A) Rationalism
B) Phenomenology
C) Logicism
D) Empiricism
  • 23. Which book by Frege introduced modern mathematical and predicate logic with quantifiers?
A) Begriffsschrift (Concept-script)
B) Grundgesetze der Arithmetik (Basic Laws of Arithmetic)
C) The Foundations of Arithmetic
D) Philosophie der Arithmetik
  • 24. What philosophical stance did Frege oppose in the philosophy of mathematics?
A) Logicism
B) Rationalism
C) Empiricism
D) Psychologism
  • 25. Who simplified Dedekind's work to systematize mathematics with Peano arithmetic?
A) Gottlob Frege
B) Richard Dedekind
C) Giuseppe Peano
D) Georg Cantor
  • 26. What principle did Dummett trace the linguistic turn to in Frege's work?
A) The analytic-synthetic distinction
B) The transcendental deduction
C) The categorical imperative
D) The context principle
  • 27. In Frege's example, what is the reference of 'the Morning Star' and 'the Evening Star'?
A) Two distinct celestial bodies.
B) A morning star and an evening star.
C) Two different stars.
D) The planet Venus.
  • 28. Who is credited with starting a revival of logic in British philosophy during the nineteenth century?
A) George Boole
B) F. H. Bradley
C) William Hamilton
D) Richard Whately
  • 29. Who were the major figures in the revival of logic in British philosophy?
A) F. H. Bradley, T. H. Green
B) Richard Whately, George Boole
C) Hugh MacColl, Charles Sanders Peirce
D) Bertrand Russell, G. E. Moore
  • 30. Which movement dominated British philosophy in the late nineteenth century?
A) Pragmatism
B) British idealism
C) Logical atomism
D) Empiricism
  • 31. Who exemplified the British idealist school with 'Appearance and Reality'?
A) T. H. Green
B) Bertrand Russell
C) F. H. Bradley
D) G. E. Moore
  • 32. What did Bertrand Russell and G. E. Moore reject in their philosophical approach?
A) Pragmatism
B) Hegelianism for being obscure
C) Empiricism
D) Logical atomism
  • 33. What did Russell and Moore revert to in their philosophical stance?
A) Logical holism
B) Internal relations
C) Common sense realism
D) Neo-Hegelianism
  • 34. In what year did Bertrand Russell discover the paradox in Basic Law V?
A) 1910
B) 1905
C) 1903
D) 1901
  • 35. According to Russell, what can proper names be replaced with?
A) Universal terms
B) Abstract concepts
C) Disguised definite descriptions
D) Demonstratives like this or that
  • 36. What philosophical puzzle does Russell present his own version of in 'On Denoting'?
A) Descartes' evil demon
B) The liar paradox
C) Frege's second puzzle
D) Zeno's paradoxes
  • 37. What does denying 'The present King of France is bald' illustrate?
A) Scope ambiguity
B) Identity theory
C) Quantifier ambiguity
D) Predicate logic
  • 38. Who co-authored 'Principia Mathematica' with Bertrand Russell?
A) Gottlob Frege
B) John Stuart Mill
C) Alfred North Whitehead
D) Ludwig Wittgenstein
  • 39. What did Alfred North Whitehead develop in 'Process and Reality' (1929)?
A) Process metaphysics
B) The theory of types
C) Logical atomism
D) Ideal language philosophy
  • 40. 'Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus' is also known as:
A) Logical Atomism
B) Process and Reality
C) Principia Mathematica
D) The Tractatus
  • 41. Who is recognized as one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century?
A) W. V. O. Quine
B) Carnap
C) Kant
D) Sellars
  • 42. What did Ryle criticize in 'The Concept of Mind'?
A) Austrian realism
B) Russell's theory of descriptions
C) Cartesian dualism
D) Sense-data theories
  • 43. What concept did Isaiah Berlin define as the absence of coercion or interference in private actions?
A) 'Proletarian unfreedom'
B) 'Negative liberty'
C) 'Distributive justice'
D) 'Positive liberty'
  • 44. What was Carnap's approach to solving philosophical problems called?
A) Epistemic ascent
B) Logical ascent
C) Semantic ascent
D) Metaphysical ascent
  • 45. What method did the 'Tractatus' introduce philosophers to?
A) Theory of types.
B) Truth table method.
C) Predicate logic.
D) Process metaphysics.
  • 46. What does the KK thesis relate to in epistemology?
A) Logical pluralism
B) The principle of sufficient reason
C) Justified true belief
D) Knowledge about knowledge
  • 47. Which philosopher was Quine a student of?
A) Russell
B) Wittgenstein
C) Carnap
D) Sellars
  • 48. Which philosopher criticized utilitarianism with the utility monster argument?
A) Robert Nozick
B) Thomas Nagel
C) John Rawls
D) Henry Sidgwick
  • 49. Which philosopher contributed the 'trolley problem' into ethical discourse?
A) Elizabeth Anscombe
B) Philippa Foot
C) G. E. Moore
D) R. M. Hare
  • 50. What thought experiment does Wittgenstein use to argue against the possibility of a private language?
A) The color-exclusion problem.
B) The linguistic ladder.
C) The duck-rabbit ambiguous image.
D) The beetle-in-a-box thought experiment.
  • 51. Which school applies analytic techniques to the theories of Karl Marx?
A) Analytical Marxism
B) Ordinary language philosophy
C) Legal positivism
D) Liberal egalitarianism
  • 52. Who issued a thought experiment involving fission in 'Reasons and Persons'?
A) John Locke
B) Bernard Williams
C) Derek Parfit
D) David Lewis
  • 53. Who taught at the University of Otago in New Zealand?
A) John Anderson
B) J.N. Findlay
C) Karl Popper
D) David Lewis
  • 54. What is methodism in the context of the problem of the criterion?
A) Answering 'how do we know?' before 'what do we know?'
B) Applying induction to philosophical problems
C) Focusing on particular instances of knowledge
D) Doubting all knowledge claims
  • 55. What term is used to describe the increased interest in virtue ethics?
A) The deontological revival
B) The emotivist shift
C) The 'aretaic turn'
D) The consequentialist resurgence
  • 56. Which theory did Charles Stevenson develop in 'Ethics and Language'?
A) Emotivism
B) Expressivism
C) Error theory
D) Universal prescriptivism
  • 57. Who argued against the closure principle with relevant alternatives theory?
A) Wittgenstein
B) G. E. Moore
C) Robert Nozick
D) Fred Dretske
  • 58. What is the current phase of analytic philosophy in China called?
A) First phase
B) Fourth phase
C) Second phase
D) Third phase
  • 59. Which philosopher lectured at Canterbury University College in Christchurch?
A) David Lewis
B) John Anderson
C) J.N. Findlay
D) Karl Popper
  • 60. Which theory did Austin criticize in 'Sense and Sensibilia'?
A) Sense-data theories
B) Cartesian dualism
C) Austrian realism
D) Russell's theory of descriptions
  • 61. What does Wittgenstein conclude about the propositions in the 'Tractatus'?
A) They express the totality of actual states of affairs.
B) They solve all philosophical problems.
C) All its propositions are ultimately meaningless.
D) They provide a comprehensive system of logical atomism.
  • 62. Who introduced logical positivism to China with The Philosophy of the Vienna Circle?
A) Liang Qichao
B) Zhang Shenfu
C) Tscha Hung
D) Hong Qian
  • 63. Who is considered to have founded Finnish analytic philosophy?
A) Georg Henrik von Wright
B) Axel Hägerström
C) Eino Kaila
D) Ernst Mally
  • 64. Which philosopher used the closure principle in an anti-skeptical argument?
A) G. E. Moore
B) Wittgenstein
C) Chisholm
D) Nelson Goodman
  • 65. Who is credited with reviving theories of essence and identity in philosophy?
A) Ludwig Wittgenstein.
B) Saul Kripke.
C) Willard Van Orman Quine.
D) Bertrand Russell.
  • 66. What does G. A. Cohen's book defend?
A) Liberal egalitarian distributive justice
B) Free-market libertarianism
C) Marx's historical materialism
D) Legal positivism
  • 67. Who succeeded Wittgenstein at Cambridge in 1948?
A) Georg Henrik von Wright
B) Ernst Mally
C) Eino Kaila
D) Axel Hägerström
  • 68. Who led the Vienna Circle?
A) Rudolf Carnap
B) Otto Neurath
C) Moritz Schlick
D) Hans Reichenbach
  • 69. Who introduced the 'box' operator for necessity in modal logic?
A) Ruth Barcan Marcus.
B) Saul Kripke.
C) Carnap.
D) Willard Van Orman Quine.
  • 70. Who defended foundationalism in epistemology?
A) Quine
B) Roderick Chisholm
C) Michael Huemer
D) Alvin Goldman
  • 71. Which philosophical movement saw a revival during the second half of the twentieth century?
A) Empiricism
B) Logical positivism
C) Pragmatism
D) Metaphysical theorizing
  • 72. What political event sidelined research in analytic philosophy during its second phase in China?
A) World War II
B) Cultural Revolution
C) Communist political pressure
D) Economic reforms of the 1970s
  • 73. In which year did Russell visit China?
A) 1945
B) 1920
C) 1956
D) 1970s
  • 74. What does Robert Nozick's Wilt Chamberlain argument relate to?
A) Legal positivism
B) Free-market libertarianism
C) Animal rights
D) Historical materialism
  • 75. Which philosopher is known for the A-theory of time?
A) David Lewis
B) Charlie Broad
C) John McTaggart
D) Arthur Prior
  • 76. Who introduced the concept of open texture?
A) Rudolf Carnap
B) Friedrich Waismann
C) Moritz Schlick
D) Hans Reichenbach
  • 77. Who proposed virtue epistemology in 'The Raft and the Pyramid'?
A) Alvin Goldman
B) Quine
C) Roderick Chisholm
D) Ernest Sosa
  • 78. Who first introduced Russell's ideas to China?
A) Zhang Shenfu
B) Tscha Hung
C) Jin Yuelin
D) Liang Qichao
  • 79. Who influenced Australian philosophy with realism?
A) J.N. Findlay
B) John Anderson
C) Samuel Alexander
D) David Lewis
  • 80. What did Kripke provide for modal logic?
A) A semantics.
B) An algorithm.
C) A syntax.
D) A proof system.
  • 81. 'Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent.' is a conclusion from:
A) Principia Mathematica.
B) Logical Atomism.
C) Process and Reality.
D) The 'Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus'.
  • 82. What happened to Moritz Schlick in 1936?
A) He fled to the United States
B) He became a professor at Oxford University
C) He published a major work on logical positivism
D) He was murdered by his former student, Hans Nelböck
  • 83. Who believed in mereological nihilism except for living beings?
A) David Lewis
B) Nelson Goodman
C) Peter Van Inwagen
D) Stanisław Leśniewski
  • 84. Which book by Peter Singer argues for vegetarianism?
A) Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974)
B) The Open Society and its Enemies (1945)
C) Animal Liberation (1975)
D) A Theory of Justice (1971)
  • 85. What does Isaiah Berlin's 'positive liberty' emphasize?
A) Self-mastery
B) Proletarian unfreedom
C) Absence of coercion
D) Distributive justice
  • 86. What did Ryle argue was similar to asking 'Where is the university?'?
A) Hägerström's idealism
B) Strawson's presupposition of existence
C) Descartes' error
D) Austin's speech acts theory
  • 87. Which philosopher proposed ethical (or normative) legal positivism?
A) Matthew Kramer
B) Karl Popper
C) G. A. Cohen
D) John Rawls
  • 88. What was the title of Wittgenstein's posthumous work published in 1953?
A) Some Remarks on Logical Form
B) Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
C) The Blue Book
D) Philosophical Investigations
  • 89. What is particularism in the context of the problem of the criterion?
A) Answering 'what do we know?' before 'how do we know it?'
B) Focusing on methodological criteria first
C) Doubting that knowledge exists
D) Applying closure principles to knowledge
  • 90. In 'Naming and Necessity', what does Saul Kripke argue proper names are?
A) Synthetic constructs.
B) Analytic terms.
C) Rigid designators.
D) Flexible descriptions.
  • 91. What is a truth-maker contrasted with?
A) A truth-bearer
B) A semantic theory
C) An ontological commitment
D) A redundancy theory
  • 92. Which philosopher's criticisms led to Wittgenstein's first doubts about his early philosophy?
A) John Wisdom
B) Piero Sraffa
C) Frank Ramsey
D) Rush Rhees
  • 93. What argument did Peter van Inwagen introduce in his monograph 'An Essay on Free Will'?
A) The consequence argument
B) The liar paradox
C) The principle of sufficient reason
D) Tense logic
  • 94. What term did van Inwagen use to contrast with compatibilism?
A) Incompatibilism
B) Libertarianism
C) Perdurantism
D) Determinism
  • 95. What type of foundationalism does Michael Huemer defend?
A) Causal theory of knowledge
B) Phenomenal conservatism
C) Coherentism
D) Virtue epistemology
  • 96. What did C. I. Lewis develop to address the paradoxes of material implication?
A) Predicate logic.
B) Quantifier logic.
C) Deontic logic.
D) Modal logic.
  • 97. Which journal did Carnap and Reichenbach start?
A) Erkenntnis
B) Mind
C) Analysis
D) Philosophical Review
  • 98. Which philosopher is credited with providing information about Wittgenstein's later philosophy before the publication of Philosophical Investigations?
A) John Wisdom
B) Frank Ramsey
C) Ludwig Wittgenstein himself
D) Piero Sraffa
  • 99. Who is a pioneer of logical pluralism?
A) Graham Priest
B) Jan Łukasiewicz
C) JC Beall
D) Edmund Gettier
  • 100. Which philosopher developed a causal theory of knowledge?
A) Alvin Goldman
B) Quine
C) Ernest Sosa
D) Roderick Chisholm
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