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Brown v. Board of Education - Quiz
Brown v
  • 1. What was the title of the memo written by William Rehnquist in 1952?
A) The Brown Decision and its Consequences
B) Legal Principles of Desegregation
C) A Defense of the Fourteenth Amendment
D) A Random Thought on the Segregation Cases
  • 2. In his 1952 memo, which case did Rehnquist argue was right and should be reaffirmed?
A) Plessy v. Ferguson
B) Missouri v. Jenkins
C) Hirabayashi v. United States
D) Dred Scott v. Sandford
  • 3. At his 1971 confirmation hearings, to whom did Rehnquist attribute the authorship of his 1952 memo?
A) Justice Jackson
B) Felix Frankfurter
C) Earl Warren
D) Himself
  • 4. Who criticized Chief Justice Warren for assuming the role of a third legislative chamber?
A) Learned Hand
B) Herbert Wechsler
C) Michael W. McConnell
D) Raoul Berger
  • 5. In Missouri v. Jenkins, what did Justice Clarence Thomas argue about Brown I?
A) It should be overturned.
B) It has been misunderstood by the courts.
C) It relied too heavily on originalism.
D) It was decided incorrectly.
  • 6. According to Clarence Thomas, what kind of segregation was the harm in Brown I tied to?
A) De jure segregation
B) Social segregation
C) De facto segregation
D) Economic segregation
  • 7. Which author argued that the Fourteenth Amendment cannot be defended by the original understanding of its framers?
A) Raoul Berger
B) Drew S. Days III
C) Philip Elman
D) Michael W. McConnell
  • 8. What evidence did Raoul Berger cite to argue that the Fourteenth Amendment permitted segregated schools?
A) The 1875 Civil Rights Act banned segregation.
B) Congress voted to segregate schools in DC during the same period.
C) The Supreme Court had already ruled segregation legal.
D) State constitutions explicitly demanded segregation.
  • 9. What argument did Michael W. McConnell make regarding the Fourteenth Amendment?
A) Radical Reconstructionists were in favor of desegregated southern schools.
B) The framers explicitly ignored school segregation.
C) The Amendment was intended to be colorblind.
D) The Amendment was never intended to apply to education.
  • 10. According to Drew S. Days III, why was reliance on psychological criteria in Brown unnecessary?
A) Psychological data was flawed and outdated.
B) The Constitution explicitly forbids segregated schools.
C) Racial classifications are odious to a free people by nature.
D) Social science is not a proper basis for legal rulings.
  • 11. Who claimed in 1987 that he and Justice Frankfurter were mostly responsible for the Brown decision?
A) William Rehnquist
B) Earl Warren
C) Philip Elman
D) Drew S. Days III
  • 12. According to Thomas Sowell, what school was a living refutation of the claim that racially separate schools were inherently unequal?
A) Howard University
B) Dunbar High School
C) The Washington District School
D) Central High School
  • 13. What did Rehnquist argue in his 1952 memo regarding the determination of minority rights?
A) Rights are fixed and cannot be changed by the majority.
B) The majority determines what the rights of minorities are.
C) The Supreme Court is the ultimate protector of minority rights.
D) Minorities must fight for their own rights.
  • 14. How did Rehnquist characterize his 1952 memo during his 1986 hearings?
A) It was a satirical piece.
B) It was a formal legal opinion for the Court.
C) It was a mistake of youth.
D) It was not an accurate reflection of his views at the time.
  • 15. What was Herbert Wechsler's critique of the Brown decision?
A) It was impossible to justify based on neutral principles.
B) It was overly political.
C) It focused too much on the Fourteenth Amendment.
D) It lacked sufficient historical evidence.
  • 16. Which Texas official organized a campaign to create legal obstacles to desegregation?
A) George Wallace
B) John Ben Shepperd
C) LeRoy Collins
D) Orval Faubus
  • 17. Who was the Arkansas governor who blocked the Little Rock Nine from entering Central High School?
A) Orval Faubus
B) J. Lindsay Almond
C) John Ben Shepperd
D) Thomas Stanley
  • 18. Which military unit did President Eisenhower deploy to Little Rock to ensure the safety of black students?
A) Arkansas National Guard
B) 82nd Airborne Division
C) 101st Airborne Division
D) Alabama National Guard
  • 19. What did Florida's legislature pass to denounce the Brown decision?
A) Education Amendment
B) Interposition Resolution
C) Civil Rights Act
D) Massive Resistance Act
  • 20. Why did Florida Governor LeRoy Collins refuse to sign the Interposition Resolution?
A) He was a staunch integrationist.
B) He argued efforts should be made through legal methods.
C) He believed the resolution was too lenient.
D) He was ordered by the President not to sign.
  • 21. In what year was Byron De La Beckwith finally convicted of murdering Medgar Evers?
A) 1971
B) 1957
C) 1994
D) 1963
  • 22. Who assisted tribal leaders in resolving the bus segregation issue?
A) Harry F. Byrd
B) Martin Luther King Jr.
C) John F. Kennedy
D) George Wallace
  • 23. What city was the first in the South to announce its intent to comply with the Brown decision?
A) Jackson, Mississippi
B) Little Rock, Arkansas
C) Arlington, Virginia
D) Greensboro, North Carolina
  • 24. Who chaired the Greensboro school board and pushed for the initial compliance announcement?
A) Garland Gray
B) D. E. Hudgins Jr.
C) J. Lindsay Almond
D) Thomas Stanley
  • 25. What was the name of the movement led by Senator Harry F. Byrd to resist desegregation in Virginia?
A) The Southern Manifesto
B) Massive Resistance
C) The Compliance Initiative
D) The Gray Commission
  • 26. Which Virginia county chose to close all its public schools rather than desegregate?
A) Charlottesville
B) Norfolk
C) Arlington County
D) Prince Edward County
  • 27. What phrase did white Southerners use to describe the day of the Brown decision?
A) A day of liberation
B) A peaceful transition
C) A victory for equality
D) A Black Monday
  • 28. To what historical event did white Southerners compare the impact of the Brown decision?
A) The Louisiana Purchase
B) Pearl Harbor
C) The signing of the Declaration of Independence
D) The Boston Tea Party
  • 29. What did Southerners prioritize while creating systems of integrated schools?
A) White leadership
B) Resource equality
C) Qualified teaching staff
D) Student achievement scores
  • 30. According to historian Michael Fultz, what did the South do faster than desegregating schools?
A) Displacing Black educators
B) Improving school busing
C) Building new schools
D) Providing free textbooks
  • 31. In what year did the Supreme Court first hear the case of Brown v. Board of Education?
A) 1952
B) 1953
C) 1954
D) 1950
  • 32. Who was appointed Chief Justice after the death of Fred M. Vinson?
A) Robert H. Jackson
B) Earl Warren
C) Hugo Black
D) Felix Frankfurter
  • 33. What was the final vote count of the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education?
A) 8-1
B) 9-0
C) 7-2
D) 5-4
  • 34. Which Justice was the last holdout before finally agreeing to the unanimous decision?
A) Sherman Minton
B) Harold Hitz Burton
C) Tom C. Clark
D) Stanley F. Reed
  • 35. In what year was the final Supreme Court decision issued?
A) 1952
B) 1953
C) 1955
D) 1954
  • 36. Who wrote the opinion for the three-judge District Court panel?
A) Walter Huxman
B) James P. McGranery
C) Paul Wilson
D) Thurgood Marshall
  • 37. How many cases were combined into the Brown v. Board of Education case heard by the Supreme Court?
A) Ten
B) Five
C) Seven
D) Three
  • 38. Who organized the 450-student walkout at Moton High School?
A) Barbara Rose Johns
B) Walter Reuther
C) Paul Wilson
D) Thurgood Marshall
  • 39. Which organization sponsored all five cases combined into the Supreme Court hearing?
A) NAACP
B) Department of Justice
C) American Civil Liberties Union
D) United Auto Workers
  • 40. How much money did the United Auto Workers donate to the NAACP's efforts?
A) $75,000
B) $50,000
C) $25,000
D) $100,000
  • 41. Who served as the chief counsel for the plaintiffs before the Supreme Court?
A) Paul Wilson
B) Thurgood Marshall
C) Walter Huxman
D) James P. McGranery
  • 42. Who conducted the state's defense in the Brown case?
A) Thurgood Marshall
B) Dean Acheson
C) Walter Reuther
D) Paul Wilson
  • 43. What kind of brief did the Justice Department file in December 1952?
A) Stare decisis
B) Amicus curiae
C) Writ of certiorari
D) Habeas corpus
  • 44. The Justice Department brief emphasized that segregation hurt the United States in what geopolitical context?
A) World War I
B) Colonial expansion
C) The Great Depression
D) The Cold War
  • 45. Who stated that racial discrimination provided material for Communist propaganda?
A) Walter Reuther
B) James P. McGranery
C) Dean Acheson
D) Anthony Lester
  • 46. Which Secretary of State lamented that the U.S. was under attack in the foreign press due to discrimination?
A) Paul Wilson
B) Walter Huxman
C) James P. McGranery
D) Dean Acheson
  • 47. In what year was Thurgood Marshall appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court?
A) 1952
B) 1967
C) 1960
D) 1954
  • 48. In what year was the class-action lawsuit filed against the Topeka Board of Education?
A) 1955
B) 1949
C) 1951
D) 1954
  • 49. How many Topeka parents were plaintiffs in the lawsuit?
A) Thirteen
B) Fifty
C) Ten
D) Twenty
  • 50. Who was the only student plaintiff to testify about the challenges of reaching her school?
A) Zelma Henderson
B) Linda Carol Brown
C) Vivian Scales
D) Katherine Carper Sawyer
  • 51. What was Oliver Brown's occupation?
A) Lawyer
B) Welder
C) Teacher
D) Pastor
  • 52. Which elementary school did Linda Carol Brown attend?
A) Monroe Elementary
B) Capper Elementary
C) Sumner Elementary
D) Buchanan Elementary
  • 53. Who was the last surviving plaintiff of the lawsuit?
A) Lucinda Todd
B) Zelma Henderson
C) Lena Carper
D) Oliver Brown
  • 54. Which school was described as the white school seven blocks from Linda Brown's house?
A) Monroe Elementary
B) Topeka High
C) Sumner Elementary
D) Buchanan Elementary
  • 55. Who was the chairman of the Topeka NAACP?
A) Oliver Brown
B) Lucinda Todd
C) Charles Scott
D) McKinley Burnett
  • 56. How far away was Monroe Elementary from Linda Brown's house?
A) 1 mile
B) 2 miles
C) 7 blocks
D) 6 blocks
  • 57. In what city and state was the lawsuit filed?
A) Topeka, Oklahoma
B) Topeka, Missouri
C) Topeka, Kansas
D) Wichita, Kansas
  • 58. What was Oliver Brown's role in his local church?
A) Deacon
B) Assistant pastor
C) Lead pastor
D) Sunday school teacher
  • 59. Who convinced Oliver Brown to join the lawsuit?
A) McKinley Burnett
B) Lucinda Todd
C) Charles Scott
D) Linda Brown
  • 60. Which amendment did the Supreme Court rule was violated by racial segregation in schools?
A) Fourteenth Amendment
B) Fifth Amendment
C) First Amendment
D) Thirteenth Amendment
  • 61. What was the vote count in the Supreme Court's decision for Brown v. Board of Education?
A) 5–4
B) 8–1
C) 9–0
D) 7–2
  • 62. What phrase did the Court use in Brown II (1955) to describe the timeline for desegregation?
A) Within one year
B) As soon as possible
C) Immediately
D) With all deliberate speed
  • 63. Which scholar wrote 'An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy'?
A) Gunnar Myrdal
B) Earl Warren
C) Harry F. Byrd
D) Thurgood Marshall
  • 64. Which international organization produced the 1950 statement titled 'The Race Question'?
A) The Cold War Council
B) The World Court
C) The United Nations
D) UNESCO
  • 65. Which justice traveled to India and noted that racism harmed America's international image?
A) William O. Douglas
B) Earl Warren
C) Gunnar Myrdal
D) Thurgood Marshall
  • 66. Who was an African-American parent activist in New York who utilized Brown's principles?
A) Mae Mallory
B) McKinley Burnett
C) Thurgood Marshall
D) Zelma Henderson
  • 67. In what year did the school boycott take place in New York?
A) 1956
B) 1959
C) 1941
D) 1953
  • 68. Since what year had junior high schools been integrated in Topeka?
A) 1949
B) 1871
C) 1953
D) 1941
  • 69. When was Topeka High School first integrated?
A) 1941
B) 1871
C) 1953
D) 1949
  • 70. What did Topeka elementary schools become in January 1956?
A) Neighborhood attendance centers
B) Junior high schools
C) Integrated high schools
D) Private religious schools
  • 71. In what year was Monroe Elementary redesignated as a National Historical Park?
A) 1992
B) 2022
C) 1959
D) 2004
  • 72. In what year did the Supreme Court issue the Brown II decision?
A) 1955
B) 1959
C) 1964
D) 1954
  • 73. The phrase 'all deliberate speed' is traceable to which author?
A) Francis Thompson
B) Charles Scott Jr.
C) Richard Jones
D) Linda Brown
  • 74. How did critics view the language 'all deliberate speed'?
A) As legally binding
B) As an immediate mandate
C) As too ambiguous
D) As a precise deadline
  • 75. In what year was the Brown case reopened in Topeka?
A) 1964
B) 1978
C) 1999
D) 1955
  • 76. Who was the plaintiff that reopened the Brown case in 1978?
A) Richard Jones
B) Charles Scott Jr.
C) Joseph Johnson
D) Linda Brown Smith
  • 77. What was the specific Topeka Public Schools policy that prompted the reopening of Brown?
A) Open enrollment
B) Teacher assignment quotas
C) Mandatory integration
D) Forced bussing
  • 78. In what year did Topeka Unified School District No. 501 finally achieve unitary status?
A) 1989
B) 1998
C) 1994
D) 1999
  • 79. Who assisted the Topeka attorneys in reopening the Brown case?
A) Francis Thompson
B) The Supreme Court
C) The Prince Edward County board
D) American Civil Liberties Union
  • 80. On what date did Linda Brown die?
A) March 25, 2017
B) April 1, 2018
C) March 25, 2018
D) January 15, 2018
  • 81. According to the text, what were the names of Linda Brown's playmates?
A) Mona, Guinevere, and Wanda
B) Sarah, Jane, and Emily
C) Alice, Beth, and Carol
D) Mary, Susan, and Linda
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