 - 1. Who first established the Praetorian Guard?
A) Constantine I
B) Augustus
C) Domitian
D) Nero
- 2. Who was responsible for the ultimate dissolution of the Praetorian Guard?
A) Claudius
B) Constantine I
C) Augustus
D) Septimius Severus
- 3. What was the name of the sacred center of Rome where only Praetorians could bear arms?
A) Palatine
B) Capitolium
C) Forum
D) Pomerium
- 4. Which guard provided close personal protection for early Roman emperors and was distinct from the Praetorian Guard?
A) Vigiles
B) Urban Cohorts
C) Senate Guard
D) Imperial German Bodyguard
- 5. What was the mandatory service duration for Praetorians in 13 BC?
A) 12 years
B) 20 years
C) 10 years
D) 16 years
- 6. What was the mandatory service duration for regular legionaries in 13 BC?
A) 20 years
B) 12 years
C) 16 years
D) 25 years
- 7. Under Nero, how many times higher was the pay of a Praetorian compared to a regular legionary?
A) Two times
B) One and a half times
C) Five times
D) Three and a half times
- 8. What was the name of the prime additions or bonuses granted to the Guard by new emperors?
A) Stipendum
B) Denarii
C) Pomerium
D) Donativum
- 9. Which emperor increased the pay of the Praetorians to 1,500 denarii per year?
A) Augustus
B) Nero
C) Domitian
D) Constantine I
- 10. Which system refers to the Praetorians receiving pay-and-a-half compared to legionaries?
A) Sesquiplex stipendum
B) Donativum
C) Pomerium
D) Stipendum
- 11. In what months was the 1,500 denarii salary distributed to the Praetorians?
A) January, May, and September
B) February, August, and November
C) January, April, and October
D) March, June, and December
- 12. What famous poet wrote about the sandal of a Praetorian leaving a nail in his foot?
A) Claudius
B) Tacitus
C) Juvenal
D) Nero
- 13. Which failed plot against Claudius led to monetary distributions to the Praetorians?
A) Domitian
B) Messalina
C) Nero
D) Piso
- 14. Which failed plot against Nero led to monetary distributions to the Praetorians?
A) Claudius
B) Augustus
C) Piso
D) Messalina
- 15. What was the Latin name for the Praetorian Guard?
A) praetorium castra
B) miles imperator
C) custodes romani
D) cohortes praetoriae
- 16. What happened to the Praetorian Guard barracks in AD 312?
A) They were expanded
B) They were moved to the countryside
C) They were converted into a palace
D) They were destroyed
- 17. In what year did Augustus designate the Praetorians as his personal security escort?
A) 27 BC
B) 40 BC
C) 32 BC
D) 312 AD
- 18. What was the name of the commander's tent in a Roman camp?
A) cohors
B) castra
C) pomerium
D) praetorium
- 19. Which family is associated with the first historical record of the praetorians in 275 BC?
A) Antony family
B) Julius family
C) Scipio family
D) Augustus family
- 20. How many soldiers did Scipio Aemilianus use as a bodyguard during the Siege of Numantia?
A) 5,400
B) 12
C) 500
D) 6
- 21. Who was the first emperor to garrison troops permanently within the pomerium?
A) Mark Antony
B) Constantine
C) Scipio Aemilianus
D) Octavian
- 22. How many cohorts did Octavian command at the Battle of Actium according to Orosius?
A) Nine
B) Twelve
C) Five
D) Three
- 23. After the civil war, how many cohorts made up the Praetorian force?
A) Twelve
B) Five
C) Nine
D) Three
- 24. During the Republic, who were the Praetorian Guards originally escorts for?
A) Common citizens
B) Gladiators
C) High-ranking political officials
D) Foreign merchants
- 25. What was the maximum number of men in the Praetorian force after the civil war?
A) 500
B) 12,000
C) 1,000
D) 5,400
- 26. Besides bodyguards, what other role did the Praetorians fulfill?
A) Medical surgery
B) Artistic production
C) Counterintelligence
D) Road construction
- 27. What did the Praetorian Guard often do regarding Roman emperors?
A) Write their biographies
B) Elect them via public vote
C) Organize their weddings
D) Overthrow them
- 28. Who issued coins honoring his Praetorian Guard in 32 BC?
A) Augustus
B) Octavian
C) Constantine
D) Mark Antony
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