CLJ2 HREDUC - Quiz
  • 1. A person was dismissed from government service without being informed of the charges. Which constitutional right was violated?
A) Substantive due process
B) Right to speedy disposition
C) Procedural due process
D) Equal protection clause
  • 2. A law prohibits only journalists from criticizing the government. This violates:
A) Equal protection
B) Police power
C) Substantive due process
D) Procedural due process
  • 3. Police arrested a suspect without a warrant and denied him access to counsel. Which is violated?
A) Equal protection clause
B) . Bill of Attainder
C) Procedural due process
D) Substantive due process
  • 4. A city ordinance increases taxes only on students from private universities. This is unconstitutional because:
A) Substantive due process is upheld
B) Due process is denied
C) Free speech is restricted
D) Equal protection is violated
  • 5. Which situation BEST demonstrates substantive due process?
A) Denial of appeal
B) Unfair trial procedure
C) Lack of notice before hearing
D) A law punishing a lawful activity
  • 6. Applying a law only to individuals with a specific surname violates:
A) Substantive due process
B) Procedural due process
C) Ex post facto limitation
D) Equal protection
  • 7. A court admitted evidence obtained illegally. The violation involved:
A) Procedural due process
B) Equal protection
C) Substantive due process
D) Judicial review
  • 8. A suspect claims he was not allowed to defend himself during trial. Which constitutional safeguard supports his claim?
A) Equal protection
B) Procedural due process
C) Habeas corpus
D) Substantive due process
  • 9. . A law allows imprisonment without trial. This shows absence of:
A) Equal protection
B) Delegated legislation
C) Judicial review
D) Due process
  • 10. Government creates a rule that applies equally to all groups unless a valid distinction exists. This reflects:
A) Administrative discretion
B) Substantive due process
C) Equal protection of laws
D) Reverse discrimination
  • 11. To be valid, classification under the equal protection clause must:
A) Be based on reasonable distinction
B) Promote executive power
C) Be arbitrary
D) Favor majority
  • 12. Authorities closed a business without a hearing. What was violated?
A) Bill of Rights
B) Substantive due process
C) Procedural due process
D) Equal protection
  • 13. Law punishing crimes committed before its passage violates:
A) Due process only
B) Substantive due process
C) Equal protection
D) Ex post facto prohibition
  • 14. Equal protection is satisfied when:
A) Majority approves
B) Classification is reasonable and applies equally to those similarly situated
C) . It applies the same to foreigners only
D) . It favors the rich
  • 15. The essence of procedural due process in criminal cases is:
A) Executive intervention
B) Right to fair hearing
C) Special privilege
D) Equal protection
  • 16. A law allows detention based solely on suspicion without hearing. Unconstitutional because it violates:
A) Both procedural & substantive due process
B) Substantive due process
C) Equal protection
D) Police power
  • 17. Which illustrates equal protection in criminal justice?
A) All accused are entitled to the same defenses and penalties
B) Only locals are penalized; tourists are exempt
C) Only wealthy accused receive counsel
D) Penalties differ for same crime based on religion
  • 18. Before license cancellation, the government must notify and hear the driver. This is:
A) Equal protection
B) Procedural due process
C) Substantive due process
D) Police power
  • 19. A law increasing penalties only for a particular ethnic group is invalid due to violation of:
A) Police power
B) Equal protection
C) Separation of powers
D) Procedural due process
  • 20. Substantive due process primarily focuses on:
A) Burden of proof
B) Court procedure
C) Reasonableness of the law itself C. Court procedure
D) Equality of treatment
  • 21. A suspect is interrogated without being informed of his rights. What is the status of his signed confession?
A) Admissible if voluntary
B) Valid only if witnessed by two civilians
C) Inadmissible as evidence
D) Acceptable if notarized
  • 22. Police threaten a suspect with harm unless he confesses. This violates:
A) RA 7438 only
B) Neither; threat is allowed
C) RA 9745 only-begotten
D) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
  • 23. A suspect requests to talk privately with his lawyer, but officers insist to stay nearby. Is this compliant?
A) No; consultation must be private
B) Yes, for security reasons
C) No; unless recorded
D) Yes, if lawyer agrees
  • 24. Officers must inform the suspect of his rights in a language he:
A) Understands
B) Prefers but must pay for B. Understands
C) Was taught formally
D) Is fluent in only
  • 25. A foreign national is arrested. Which is required?
A) Proceed only after bail posting
B) Notify embassy or consular office
C) Detain until translator is available, no notice
D) Inform him in local language only
  • 26. Under RA 9745, forcing a suspect to watch torture of another person is considered:
A) Administrative misconduct only
B) Valid interrogation strategy
C) Mental/psychological torture
D) Not torture
  • 27. Officers interrogate a suspect whose lawyer arrives but is denied access. Statements obtained:
A) Admissible if voluntarily given
B) Admissible if affirmed in court
C) Valid if recorded
D) Inadmissible
  • 28. A suspect is detained secretly without access to family. This violates:
A) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
B) Neither
C) Only RA 7438
D) Only RA 9745
  • 29. Which can legally waive custodial rights?
A) In writing, in presence of counsel
B) Verbally before investigator
C) By counsel alone
D) By arresting officer certification
  • 30. Officers request the suspect to sign an apology letter admitting guilt. The suspect signs. Is this valid?
A) No; custodial rights violated
B) Yes, if handwritten
C) Valid if signed voluntarily before 2 witnesses
D) Yes, even without counsel
  • 31. Under RA 7438, a suspect has the right to communicate with family. This applies:
A) Only if bail is approved
B) After evidence is gathered
C) From the moment of arrest
D) Only after arraignment
  • 32. A suspect is denied food and water to force disclosure. This is:
A) Adjustment technique
B) Threat only
C) Lawful custodial pressure
D) Physical torture
  • 33. A minor is arrested. What must police ensure?
A) No interview allowed
B) Suspension of rights
C) Presence of a social worker
D) Immediate confession
  • 34. Which scenario shows lawful interrogation?
A) Private consultation with lawyer prior to questioning
B) Suspect interrogated even after invoking right to silence
C) Questioning suspect without counsel but rSuspect interrogated even after ecorded
D) Use of intimidation to avoid delays
  • 35. Under RA 9745, who has primary liability for torture?
A) Law enforcement or persons in authority
B) Family members
C) Witnesses
D) Private institutions only
  • 36. A suspect signed a confession after hours of sleep deprivation. Resulting evidence is:
A) Admissible due to signature
B) Valid if translated properly
C) Valid if lawyer signs
D) Inadmissible due to coercion
  • 37. A suspect invokes silence. Investigators continue questioning, pressuring him. What violation occurs?
A) RA 9745 only
B) None; silence isn't mandatory
C) RA 7438 only
D) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
  • 38. Which best applies the right under RA 7438?
A) Delay counsel to secure confession
B) Advise suspect of rights and allow chosen counsel
C) Limit counsel to state-appointed only
D) Provide any lawyer, regardless of consent
  • 39. For documentation under the Anti-Torture Act, which is required?
A) Verbal report to media
B) Immediate medical examination of victim
C) Permission from arresting officer
D) Signed confession only
  • 40. Police enter a house without a warrant after receiving an anonymous tip. No emergency exists. Evidence found is:
A) Inadmissible due to invalid entry
B) Admissible if homeowner absent
C) Admissible if serious crime
D) Valid if recorded on video
  • 41. During a checkpoint, police search a vehicle’s trunk without consent or probable cause. Resulting evidence is:
A) Valid if the driver looks suspicious
B) Valid if contraband is seen
C) Admissible only if witness present
D) Inadmissible for lack of basis
  • 42. A warrant authorizes search of “Juan’s house.” Police also search the neighboring home. This is:
A) Invalid; beyond warrant scope
B) Valid if related to same suspect
C) Valid if crime is ongoing
D) Allowed if property is adjacent
  • 43. Items not listed in a warrant are seized during search. What is required to validate seizure?
A) Items must be demanded by complainant
B) Items must be tagged immediately
C) Items must be uniquely valuable
D) Items must be in plain view
  • 44. A suspect voluntarily allows police to search his car. The search is valid only if:
A) Consent is free and informed
B) Lawyer is present
C) Signed by barangay officer
D) Daytime
  • 45. Police see illegal drugs on a table through an open window. Entry and seizure without a warrant is:
A) Valid under plain view doctrine
B) Invalid without barangay witness
C) Invalid due to lack of warrant
D) Valid only with consent
  • 46. A search warrant issued for “stolen electronics” is used to seize firearms. This seizure is:
A) Automatically invalid
B) Valid if same room
C) Valid only if in plain view
D) Valid because weapons are dangerous
  • 47. A suspect is arrested for theft. Police then search his house without warrant. The search is:
A) Invalid; arrest doesn’t include home search
B) Valid search incident to arrest
C) Valid only if victim requests
D) Valid if evidence is later found
  • 48. A cellphone is seized during legal arrest. To view messages, police must:
A) Forward to prosecutor
B) Obtain warrant
C) Immediately review
D) Ask informant first
  • 49. Warrant must particularly describe:
A) Type of building
B) Only address of area
C) Reason for search
D) Items OR persons sought
  • 50. A judge issues a search warrant for two crimes. Is it valid?
A) No; must be for one offense
B) Yes if signed by prosecutor
C) Valid only in daytime
D) Yes if crimes related
  • 51. A hotel room is searched without a warrant while the guest is inside. No emergency exists. This is:
A) Legal with hotel permission
B) Invalid; privacy applies
C) Legal if items are visible
D) Valid if guest is foreign
  • 52. Evidence seized illegally is:
A) Inadmissible
B) Valid if approved by prosecutor
C) Admissible if relevant
D) Admissible if confession follows
  • 53. Which scenario makes a warrantless arrest valid?
A) Crime committed in officer’s presence
B) Anonymous tip reported crime
C) Suspect found near crime hours later
D) Suspect previously convicted
  • 54. The exclusionary rule provides that:
A) Illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible
B) Police must always obtain consent
C) Only stolen items may be seized
D) Evidence legally obtained must be returned
  • 55. Police knock, the resident opens, and illegal items are visible. Seizure without warrant is justified by:
A) General warrant
B) Protective sweep
C) Plain view
D) Hot pursuit
  • 56. A search was done at the correct house but used an expired warrant. Evidence is:
A) Valid if documented
B) Inadmissible
C) Valid if signed by witness
D) Valid due to correct address
  • 57. A warrant is issued by a judge who never personally evaluated evidence. The warrant is:
A) Invalid; no personal determination
B) Valid if prosecutor confirmed
C) Valid if offense is serious
D) Valid if police swore affidavit C. Invalid; no personal
  • 58. A landlord grants police permission to search a tenant’s room. Evidence found is:
A) Valid if crime suspected
B) Valid; landlord owns property
C) Invalid; tenant controls privacy
D) Valid with witness signatures
  • 59. Police trail a suspect and enter his home while in immediate pursuit. Seizure without warrant is:
A) Invalid because house is private
B) Valid only with barangay chief present
C) Valid due to hot pursuit doctrine
D) Valid if suspect is armed
  • 60. A journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
A) Protected speech because official is public figure
B) Allowed due to freedom of information
C) journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
D) Violates right to privacy despite public status
  • 61. Government prohibits a rally due to credible intelligence of imminent violence. Limitation is based on:
A) Prior restraint for national security
B) Speech always unrestricted
C) Seditious liability only
D) Privacy of participants
  • 62. A suspect is forced to answer questions about involvement in a crime. This violates:
A) Right to privacy
B) Right against self-incrimination
C) Freedom of contract
D) Freedom of speech
  • 63. Police search personal files on a phone during arrest without warrant. This violates:
A) Immunity clause
B) Right to privacy
C) Freedom of speech
D) Right to travel
  • 64. A student posts threats online against a classmate. School sanctions are challenged. Decision?
A) Protected by privacy rights
B) Protected speech
C) Not protected; threats unprotected
D) Exempt if done off-campus
  • 65. Which illustrates a valid limitation on freedom of speech?
A) Censoring academic journals
B) Prohibiting media reporting
C) Restricting obscenity distribution
D) Banning criticism of officials
  • 66. A witness refuses to testify about a friend’s criminal act despite not being implicated. Right against self-incrimination:
A) Does not apply
B) Applies only in civil cases
C) Applies
D) Applies only with counsel
  • 67. A homeowner refuses warrantless entry to officers. Officer insists due to “public curiosity.” Decision?
A) Valid; public safety
B) Valid if neighbors complain
C) Valid only at night
D) Invalid; privacy violated
  • 68. A celebrity sues media for photographing him eating in a public plaza. Likely ruling:
A) Protected against self-incrimination
B) Violation of privacy rights
C) No violation; no reasonable expectation of privacy
D) Criminal act against free speech
  • 69. A citizen refuses to provide handwriting sample in a forgery case. This refusal:
A) Protected only with counsel present
B) Protected; testimonial
C) Protected unless with warrant
D) Not protected; physical evidence
  • 70. Government prohibits distribution of pamphlets urging imminent violent uprising. This is based on:
A) Overbreadth doctrine
B) Prior restraint ban
C) Clear and present danger
D) Strict scrutiny
  • 71. A person declines to answer whether he owns a gun, as answer may incriminate him. Validity?
A) Valid; testimonial link
B) Invalid; not in court
C) Invalid; weapon is property
D) Invalid if witness present
  • 72. A school inspects lockers for prohibited items. No consent needed because:
A) Academic privilege
B) Reduced expectation of privacy
C) Freedom of speech
D) Right against self-incrimination
  • 73. A street protest is allowed but regulated to avoid blocking traffic. This is:
A) Overly restrictive
B) Prior restraint
C) Legitimate time-place-manner regulation
D) Censorship
  • 74. A public servant claims privacy to refuse disclosure of SALN. Decision?
A) Granted if notarized
B) Automatic exemption
C) Granted; personal property
D) Denied; transparency interest
  • 75. A suspect voluntarily confesses at police station. He later claims right against self-incrimination was violated. Valid?
A) Yes; requires three witnesses
B) Yes; counsel always needed
C) No; voluntary statements allowed
D) No; police can compel silence
  • 76. A newspaper exposes tax fraud but includes bank PINs of the subject. Analysis:
A) Protected editorial
B) Legal; public concern
C) Illegal; excessive invasion of privacy
D) Allowed under fair comment
  • 77. The right against self-incrimination protects against:
A) Compelled testimonial evidence
B) Mandatory registration
C) All physical tests
D) All searches
  • 78. A blogger encourages peaceful protests. Authorities arrest him for inciting violence. Decision?
A) Valid arrest
B) Valid; all protests can be banned
C) Valid if online
D) Invalid; no clear danger shown
  • 79. A person claims privacy to block investigation of illegal weapons stored at home. Analysis:
A) Privacy yields to lawful warrant
B) Protected unless public demands
C) Privacy absolute
D) Protected if no confession
  • 80. A man is detained without charges. His family wants immediate release. Which remedy applies?
A) Habeas Data
B) Mandamus
C) Writ of Amparo
D) Writ of Habeas Corpus
  • 81. A woman claims unknown men are surveilling her movements after she criticized officials. She petitions to stop the threat. Which writ is proper?
A) Prohibition
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 82. Police deny possession of a missing person. Family seeks protection and disclosure of his whereabouts. What is the appropriate remedy?
A) Injunction
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus only
D) Habeas Data only
  • 83. A government agency keeps false information about a citizen affecting his security. Which writ can correct or destroy said data?
A) Prohibition
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 84. A detainee is transferred secretly between facilities to avoid inspection. To compel production of the body, family may file:
A) Amparo
B) Certiorari
C) Prohibition
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 85. Which remedy focuses on the right to life, liberty, and security, regardless of detention status?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Habeas Data
C) Amparo
D) Injunction
  • 86. A private corporation stores an individual’s personal files without consent, affecting his privacy. Which writ applies?
A) Prohibition
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 87. A political activist’s location is concealed by authorities. His family wants release and immediate presentation. Which writ is most appropriate?
A) Quo Warranto
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 88. A petitioner seeks to stop harassment and threats despite no detention. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Data only
B) Certiorari
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 89. A wrongfully detained citizen requests the court to examine cause of restraint. This describes:
A) Quo Warranto
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 90. Which writ grants access to personal records held by police and permits correction?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Mandamus
D) Habeas Data
  • 91. A human rights worker fears abduction by state agents. Which remedy protects her security?
A) Habeas Data
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Certiorari
  • 92. A soldier in custody is reported dead, but family doubts the claim. They seek to verify and locate him. Remedy?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Mandamus
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 93. A person under surveillance wants to know what information is being collected by police. Best writ?
A) Mandamus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 94. . A family wants court protection from threats by unknown armed groups. They do not seek release. What writ?
    L
A) Injunction
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Amparo
  • 95. Person held without warrant asks the court to justify the legality of detention.
A) Habeas Data
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Prohibition
D) Amparo
  • 96. A student believes her personal digital files are tampered with by intelligence units. She requests verification and correction.
A) Certiorari
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 97. Which writ may compel government to investigate threats to a witness’s life?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Quo Warranto
D) Habeas Data
  • 98. . A detainee is lawfully restrained but wants access to personal files held by military. Most appropriate writ?
A) Injunction
B) Habeas Data
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Amparo
  • 99. Petitioners allege enforced disappearance by military agents and seek command responsibility. Proper writ?
A) Habeas Corpus only
B) Habeas Data only
C) Injunction
D) Amparo
  • 100. A mother believes her 17-year-old son is being detained in a police substation without charges for more than 48 hours. What is the most appropriate judicial remedy she should immediately pursue?
A) Writ of Habeas Data
B) Writ of Amparo
C) Writ of Habeas Corpus
D) Writ of Kalikasan
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