PES SS1 Economics (OBJ) 3rd Term Exam 2025/2026
  • 1. Cost means the amount of __ spent to produce goods or services.
A) Time
B) Money
C) Machines
D) People
  • 2. The total cost of producing a good is the sum of --- and ---cost.
A) Good and Bad cost
B) Old and New cost
C) Fixed and Variable cost
D) Big and Small cost
  • 3. Cost that does not change with level of output is called __.
A) Variable cost
B) Average cost
C) Total cost
D) Fixed cost
  • 4. Example of fixed cost is __.
A) Fuel for machines
B) Raw materials
C) Rent of factory
D) Wages of workers
  • 5. Cost that changes directly with output is called ---.
A) Opportunity cost
B) Social cost
C) Fixed cost
D) Variable cost
  • 6. Example of variable cost is ---.
A) Cost of raw materials
B) Insurance premium
C) License fee
D) Salary of manager
  • 7. Total cost is calculated as ---.
A) TC=Fixed cost + Variable cost
B) TC= Fixed cost * Variable cost
C) TC= Fixed cost - Variable cost
D) TC= Fixed cost / Variable cost
  • 8. The cost of the next best alternative forgone is called ---.
A) Marginal cost
B) Average cost
C) Opportunity cost
D) Private cost
  • 9. The cost of producing one additional unit of output is ---.
A) Marginal cost
B) Average cost
C) Fixed cost
D) Total cost
  • 10. Average Cost is equal to ---.
A) TC - Quantity
B) TC / Quantity
C) TC * Quantity
D) FC + VC
  • 11. An economic system is the way a country organizes and manages its ---.
A) Schools
B) Religion
C) Sports
D) Resources and production of goods and services
  • 12. In a capitalist economy, the means of production are owned by ---.
A) Private individuals
B) The community
C) The government
D) Foreigners only
  • 13. A major feature of capitalism is ---.
A) Equal distribution of wealth
B) Profit motive
C) Government controls everything
D) No competition
  • 14. Which country practices capitalism?
A) North Korea
B) China before 1978
C) Cuba
D) United States of America
  • 15. In socialism, the major means of production are owned by ---.
A) Private individuals
B) No one
C) The state or government
D) Religious leaders
  • 16. A feature of socialism is ---.
A) Private ownership of factories
B) Equal distribution of wealth
C) Profit maximization
D) Competition
  • 17. Socialism aims to reduce ---.
A) Education
B) Food production
C) Inequality and exploitation
D) Jobs
  • 18. A mixed economy combines features of ---.
A) Capitalism and Socialism
B) Capitalism and Communalism
C) Socialism and Communalism
D) None of the above
  • 19. Nigeria operates a --- economic system.
A) Pure Socialism
B) Mixed Economy
C) Pure Capitalism
D) Communalism
  • 20. A feature of communalism is ---.
A) Self-help and cooperation
B) Competition
C) Profit motive
D) Private ownership
  • 21. A practical example of diminishing marginal utility is ---.
A) Eating more and more rice at a sitting
B) Working more hours
C) Saving more money
D) Buying more cars
  • 22. The law of diminishing marginal utility helps to explain ---.
A) Cost of production
B) The law of supply
C) Government revenue
D) The law of demand
  • 23. If TU from 3 oranges = 30 utils and TU from 4 oranges = 36 utils, then MU of the 4th orange = ---.
A) 30 utils
B) 36 utils
C) 9 utils
D) 6 utils
  • 24. The formula for Marginal Utility is ---.
A) MU = TU * Quantity
B) MU = Change in TU / Change in Quantity
C) MU = TU - Quantity
D) MU = TU + Quantity
  • 25. Utility can be measured in units called ---.
A) Naira
B) Dollars
C) Utils
D) Kilos
  • 26. When Marginal Utility becomes negative, Total Utility ---.
A) Becomes zero
B) Decreases
C) Increases
D) Remains constant
  • 27. When Marginal Utility becomes zero, Total Utility is at its ---.
A) Zero
B) Negative
C) Maximum
D) Minimum
  • 28. Which of these best explains the law of diminishing marginal utility?
A) All cups give equal satisfaction
B) Water has no utility
C) The 5th cup of water gives more satisfaction than the 1st cup
D) The 1st cup of water gives more satisfaction than the 5th cup
  • 29. If TU increases at a decreasing rate, MU is ---.
A) Increasing
B) Negative
C) Zero
D) Decreasing
  • 30. The two main types of utility are ---.
A) Private and Social Utility
B) Total Utility and Marginal Utility
C) Fixed and Variable Utility
D) Cost and Revenue Utility
  • 31. Price determination in a free market is done through the interaction of __.
A) Government and firms
B) Demand and Supply
C) Buyers and sellers
D) Cost and Revenue
  • 32. The price at which quantity demanded equals quantity supplied is called __.
A) Market price
B) Fixed price
C) Equilibrium price
D) Controlled price
  • 33. At equilibrium price, there is __.
A) Surplus
B) Shortage
C) High inflation
D) No excess demand or supply
  • 34. If demand increases and supply remains constant, equilibrium price will __.
A) Fall
B) Remain the same
C) Become zero
D) Rise
  • 35. If supply increases and demand remains constant, equilibrium price will __.
A) Remain the same
B) Rise
C) Fall
D) Double
  • 36. A situation where quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied leads to __.
A) Shortage
B) Glut
C) Surplus
D) Equilibrium
  • 37. A situation where quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded leads to __.
A) Shortage
B) Price control
C) Equilibrium
D) Surplus
  • 38. The forces that bring the market back to equilibrium are __.
A) Price mechanism
B) Advertising
C) Government policy
D) Taxation
  • 39. In the diagram of demand and supply, equilibrium is where the __ curves intersect.
A) Cost and Revenue
B) Fixed and Variable
C) Private and Social
D) Demand and Supply
  • 40. If the price is above equilibrium price, there will be __.
A) Shortage
B) Black market
C) Excess supply
D) Excess demand
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