Space-based solar power - Quiz
Space based solar power
  • 1. In what year did NASA initiate the Space Solar Power Exploratory Research and Technology program?
A) 1999
B) 1995
C) 1989
D) 2005
  • 2. What kind of structure did SERT propose for the solar power satellite?
A) Inflatable photovoltaic gossamer structure
B) Solid-state silicon disk
C) Rigid carbon-fiber frame
D) Liquid metal reflector
  • 3. Which orbits did the SERT program examine for solar power systems?
A) Sun-synchronous and geosynchronous
B) High Earth orbit and elliptical orbit
C) Geostationary and lunar orbit
D) Low Earth orbit and polar orbit
  • 4. What is the primary function of the proposed gigawatt space power system?
A) Reflect sunlight to warm the Earth
B) Store energy for space stations
C) Convert sunlight and beam energy to Earth
D) Power deep space exploration probes
  • 5. What is the required launch cost range for space solar power to be economically viable?
A) $50–$100 per kilogram
B) $1,000–$2,000 per kilogram
C) $100–$200 per kilogram
D) $500–$1,000 per kilogram
  • 6. According to SERT, what is a primary limitation of many terrestrial renewable energy sources?
A) Inherent land and water requirements
B) High maintenance costs
C) Lack of sunlight consistency
D) Regulatory hurdles
  • 7. What technology was proposed to help convert sunlight in the SERT model?
A) Hydrogen fuel cells
B) Nuclear fission reactors
C) Concentrator lenses or solar heat engines
D) Kinetic energy harvesters
  • 8. What does SERT stand for in the context of NASA's program?
A) Sustainable Solar Power Exploration
B) Solar Energy Research and Technology
C) Space Satellite Power and Engineering
D) Space Solar Power Exploratory Research and Technology
  • 9. What is a key requirement for the economic viability of space solar power mentioned by SERT?
A) Lower cost access to space
B) Government subsidies
C) Global carbon taxes
D) Private sector partnerships
  • 10. What did SERT conclude about the initial investment required for solar power satellites?
A) They must be fully funded by international governments
B) They require trillion dollar upfront investments
C) The infrastructure cost is negligible
D) They should not require unimaginably large initial investments
  • 11. Why was the early space-based solar power project discontinued?
A) The sun became less efficient for energy collection.
B) A major accident occurred in space.
C) The change in US administrations after the 1980 elections.
D) The technology was deemed illegal by international law.
  • 12. What equipment is used on Earth to receive the energy transmitted from space?
A) An underwater turbine.
B) A large-scale solar thermal evaporator.
C) Microwave rectenna.
D) A satellite relay dish.
  • 13. What is a major land-use concern regarding SBSP?
A) Antennas must be built inside protected wilderness areas.
B) The need to build antennas on top of mountain peaks.
C) The vast size required for receiving antennas.
D) The pollution caused by the rectenna materials.
  • 14. Which country passed the Basic Space Law in 2008 establishing solar power as a national goal?
A) India.
B) Russia.
C) Japan.
D) United Kingdom.
  • 15. Where did China start construction of an SBSP testing base in 2019?
A) The Gobi Desert region.
B) Beijing's central research zone.
C) Shanghai's coastal development area.
D) Chongqing's Bishan District.
  • 16. By what year does China plan to launch a 200-tonne SBSP station capable of generating megawatts of electricity?
A) 2050.
B) 2025.
C) 2035.
D) 2030.
  • 17. According to Pete Worden, how does the cost of space-based solar compare to terrestrial desert solar?
A) Two orders of magnitude cheaper.
B) Five orders of magnitude more expensive.
C) Significantly cheaper.
D) Exactly the same.
  • 18. Which entity manages the roadmap for commercial SBSP in Japan?
A) The Ministry of Finance.
B) Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.
C) JAXA.
D) The National Space Committee.
  • 19. Who claimed that space-based solar energy solutions were speculative and not available for decades?
A) Li Ming.
B) The European Space Agency.
C) Pete Worden.
D) The Office of Technology Assessment.
  • 20. What was the budget for the Satellite Power System Concept Development and Evaluation Program?
A) $50 million
B) $100 million
C) $500 million
D) $10 million
  • 21. What type of beams were studied for their meteorological effects on propagation?
A) Infrared beams
B) Microwave beams
C) Laser beams
D) Radio beams
  • 22. Which social factor was considered in the program's feasibility reports?
A) Religious implications
B) Global climate change denial
C) Public Acceptance
D) Private sector profit margins
  • 23. What was one of the specific organizational issues addressed in the reports?
A) Privatization vs Nationalization
B) Unionization of workers
C) Centralization/Decentralization
D) International espionage
  • 24. Into what form is sunlight typically converted for transmission to Earth in SBSP systems?
A) Visible light lasers
B) Microwaves
C) Radio waves
D) X-rays
  • 25. What group promoted SBSP for civilian energy in the 1970s?
A) Arthur D. Little, Inc.
B) The L5 Society
C) The Vanguard Project
D) The Golden Dome Consortium
  • 26. What military program in the 1980s was influenced by SBSP technology?
A) The 2025 Golden Dome program
B) Strategic Defense Initiative
C) The MAPLE Project
D) The Vanguard I mission
  • 27. Who was a physicist and early L5 member associated with the Strategic Defense Initiative?
A) Peter Glaser
B) Donald Bren
C) Lowell Wood
D) Isaac Asimov
  • 28. What was the EIRP transmitted by the MAPLE project?
A) 100 kilowatts
B) 500 watts
C) 10 watts
D) 3.2 watts
  • 29. Who wrote the 1941 story 'Reason' involving space-based energy transmission?
A) Peter Glaser
B) Donald Bren
C) Isaac Asimov
D) Lowell Wood
  • 30. Which satellite used solar panels for the first time in 1958?
A) L5 Satellite
B) Vanguard I
C) Glaser-1
D) MAPLE
  • 31. In what year was the SBSP concept first described?
A) 1968
B) 2020
C) 1973
D) 1941
  • 32. Who was granted the US patent for transmitting power via microwaves in 1973?
A) Lowell Wood
B) Isaac Asimov
C) Donald Bren
D) Peter Glaser
  • 33. How much electricity did JAXA wirelessly beam in their March 2015 demonstration?
A) 10 kilowatts
B) 1.8 kilowatts
C) 1.8 megawatts
D) 5 kilowatts
  • 34. What is the primary method Aetherflux plans to use for beaming solar power?
A) Microwaves
B) Radio waves
C) Infrared lasers
D) Visible light lasers
  • 35. What is the approximate intensity of sunlight in orbit compared to the Earth's surface?
A) 120%
B) 144%
C) 200%
D) 100%
  • 36. How long, at most, can a satellite be in Earth's shadow per night during equinoxes?
A) 30 minutes
B) 120 minutes
C) 24 hours
D) 72 minutes
  • 37. What is the main hazard of assembling large structures in LEO according to Donald J. Kessler?
A) Solar radiation
B) Atmospheric drag
C) Kessler syndrome
D) Microwave interference
  • 38. How much power did Mitsubishi Heavy Industries transmit in their March 2015 demonstration?
A) 1.8 kilowatts
B) 1 gigawatt
C) 50 kilowatts
D) 10 kilowatts
  • 39. What was the result of Aetherflux's pivot in December 2025?
A) Lunar power mining
B) Dissolution of the company
C) Focus on nuclear fusion
D) Space-based data centers
  • 40. How much more do solar panels in space degrade compared to those on Earth?
A) About eight times
B) About five times
C) About twenty times
D) About twice
  • 41. What is the estimated cost of a receiving station for 5 GW of power according to Keith Henson?
A) Ten billion dollars
B) Five hundred million dollars
C) Fifty million dollars
D) One billion dollars
  • 42. What percentage of the day do Earth-based solar panels typically collect power?
A) 99%
B) 10%
C) 29%
D) 50%
  • 43. Why is the broadcast frequency of microwave downlinks a concern for satellites in GEO?
A) It requires isolating the system from other satellites
B) It is too weak to reach the ground
C) It causes dangerous atmospheric heating
D) It is banned by international law
  • 44. Who demonstrated a microwave-powered model helicopter in 1964?
A) William C. Brown.
B) John C. Mankins.
C) Walter Cronkite.
D) A team at JPL Raytheon.
  • 45. What was the power transmission efficiency of the JPL Raytheon program between 1969 and 1975?
A) 50%.
B) 9.6%.
C) 2.45%.
D) 30%.
  • 46. What phenomenon causes the microwave beam to spread out during transmission?
A) Atmospheric interference.
B) Gravitational lensing.
C) Diffraction.
D) Solar wind.
  • 47. Where were microwave power tests conducted in 1975?
A) Goldstone, California.
B) Reunion Island.
C) JPL headquarters.
D) Maui, Hawaii.
  • 48. When did the SELENE project end?
A) 2010.
B) 1991.
C) 1993.
D) 1989.
  • 49. In the context of SBSP, what does a solar dynamic system use to concentrate light?
A) Mirrors.
B) Lenses.
C) Photovoltaic arrays.
D) Rectennas.
  • 50. Which entity held a special session on electromagnetic wireless systems in 2010?
A) Raytheon.
B) NASA.
C) JPL.
D) IEEE.
  • 51. What distance was involved in the microwave power demonstration between Maui and Hawaii?
A) 92 miles.
B) 1.6 km.
C) 1 mile.
D) 10 km.
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