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A) Feudal divisions and conflicts B) Geographical barriers and harsh winters C) Economic competition and trade disputes D) Religious differences and foreign invasions
A) Foreign language influences B) Dialectal differences C) Literacy rates among peasants D) The use of Church Slavonic
A) The 13th and 14th centuries B) The 17th and 18th centuries C) The 15th and 16th centuries D) The 18th and 19th centuries
A) The re-emergence of a common political, economic, and cultural space B) The demands of the peasant population C) Decrees issued by the church D) Pressure from Western European nations
A) The government bureaucracy B) The intellectual elite C) Foreign merchants D) The Russian Orthodox Church
A) The inability to translate foreign texts into Russian B) The lack of a reliable communication tool in administrative, legal, and judicial affairs C) High rates of illiteracy among nobles D) Disputes over Church Slavonic grammar
A) Northern peasant dialects B) Pure Church Slavonic C) Western European trade jargon D) Moscow official or chancery language
A) The 12th to 14th centuries B) The 18th to 20th centuries C) The 17th to 19th centuries D) The 15th to 17th centuries
A) The church used Church Slavonic B) Mongol was the official court language C) Latin was preferred by the government D) French was spoken by the nobility
A) By the 15th century B) By the 19th century C) By the 17th century D) By the 18th century
A) Replacing regional alphabets with Latin script B) Reducing dialectical barriers between ethnic Russians C) Eliminating foreign loan words completely D) Enforcing a strict grammar code for peasants
A) Translating all world literature into Russian B) Creating a universal global language C) Mandating Russian instruction in all foreign schools D) Expanding the use of Russian alongside or in favour of other languages
A) Old East Slavic B) Contemporary Standard Russian C) Classical Church Slavonic D) Imperial Court Russian
A) At the end of the 15th century B) At the beginning of the 18th century C) During the mid-19th century D) After the Bolshevik Revolution
A) Ivan the Terrible B) Nikolai Karinsky C) Peter the Great D) Mikhail Lomonosov
A) The Church Slavonic tradition B) The southern peasant dialect C) The St. Petersburg court dialect D) The Moscow dialect substratum
A) A southern dialectal base B) An eastern dialectal base C) A northern dialectal base D) A western dialectal base
A) Government decrees moving populations B) Foreign invasions and resettlements C) The attraction of southern dialectal speakers after Moscow became the center of a unified state D) The influence of Church Slavonic scholars
A) To appease the peasant majority B) To make Russian the global language of trade C) To eliminate the influence of the church entirely D) For the development of a modern system of government, education, and science
A) Latin B) Old Norse C) French D) Church Slavonic
A) L. P. Yakubinsky B) Nikolai Karinsky C) Mikhail Lomonosov D) A. M. Ivanov
A) A new Cyrillic alphabet B) A translation of the Bible C) A theoretical system of stylistic registers D) A comprehensive peasant dictionary
A) New administrative legal codes B) Scientific terminology for physics C) Several new literary genres D) New printing press methods
A) Modern Russian B) Church Slavonic revival C) Peasant dialects D) Marxist linguistics
A) Unmodified peasant dialects B) Pure Church Slavonic C) Exclusive French D) The spoken form of the Russian language of that social group
A) Their own dialects B) Contemporary Standard Russian C) Church Slavonic D) Urban slang
A) The government banned the study of dialects B) Peasants refused to speak to scholars C) It was considered identical to the Moscow dialect D) It was regarded as simply a source of folklore and an object of curiosity
A) Mikhail Lomonosov B) Nikolai Karinsky C) L. P. Yakubinsky D) A. M. Ivanov
A) Lexical material and folklore B) Etymology and foreign influences C) Syntax and vocabulary D) Phonetics and morphology
A) Comprehensive national grammars B) Political manifestos C) Local dictionaries D) Religious texts
A) As an essential element of modern industry B) As the true foundation of the future national language C) As a rich source of scientific terminology D) As a relic of the rapidly disappearing past not worthy of scholarly attention
A) Mikhail Lomonosov and Nikolai Karinsky B) Foreign Marxist theorists C) A. M. Ivanov and L. P. Yakubinsky D) Peter the Great and his ministers
A) A unified grammar system B) A strict standardization C) A strong bureaucratic structure D) A motley diversity
A) Standard literary Russian B) Advanced technical skills C) Knowledge of Church Slavonic D) Their local peasant dialects
A) The adoption of Western European literary genres B) The widespread study of dialectal syntax C) The revival of feudal divisions D) The liquidation of peasant inheritance by way of leveling local dialects
A) A revived Church Slavonic B) An aristocratic court dialect C) A refined peasant literary language D) The general language of the working class
A) Creating the general urban language of a given society B) Reverting to church-dominated languages C) Promoting multiple competing standard languages D) Preserving regional peasant dialects
A) Finno-Ugric B) Romance C) Turkic D) Indo-European
A) Hellenic B) Germanic C) Balto-Slavic D) Celtic
A) Four B) Two C) Three D) Five
A) Austro-Hungarian Empire B) Russian Empire C) Soviet Union D) Yugoslavia
A) Finland B) Mongolia C) Kazakhstan D) Poland
A) Latvia B) Belarus C) Lithuania D) Ukraine
A) Uzbekistan B) Turkmenistan C) Tajikistan D) Azerbaijan
A) Lingua franca B) Sacred language C) Secret code D) Dead language
A) Exactly 100 million B) Over 210 million C) Under 50 million D) Over 1 billion
A) South America B) Asia C) Europe D) North America
A) Least spoken B) Most complex grammar C) Most geographically widespread D) Oldest
A) Eleventh B) Third C) Seventh D) First
A) Second B) Eleventh C) Twentieth D) Seventh
A) Five B) Six C) Four D) Seven
A) Greek script B) Arabic script C) Latin script D) Cyrillic script
A) Palatal secondary articulation B) Velar secondary articulation C) Dental secondary articulation D) Glottal secondary articulation
A) Lengthening B) Reduction C) Capitalization D) Deletion
A) Always on the first syllable B) Often unpredictable C) Completely regular D) Always on the last syllable
A) Grave accent B) Tilde C) Acute accent D) Circumflex
A) Window B) Lock C) Castle D) Hammer
A) Door B) Castle C) Lock D) Key
A) Multiple grammatical features B) Its English translation C) The word's origin D) A single isolated sound
A) Less actively B) Identically C) Not at all D) More actively
A) Foreign loanwords B) Numeric codes C) Descriptive phrases D) Abbreviations
A) stalnaya doroga B) tverdiy put C) zhelezny put D) zheleznaya doroga
A) cesta B) železný C) železnice D) železná dráha
A) sovetsky yazyk B) slavyansky yazyk C) russky yazyk D) rossiysky yazyk
A) Kiev B) Rus C) Novgorod D) Moscow
A) German influence B) Greek influence C) Latin influence D) Turkic influence
A) russky B) rossiysky C) vostochny D) slaviansky
A) High style B) Low style C) Slang D) Colloquial style
A) Archaic B) Slang C) Modern D) Foreign
A) sovetsky B) slaviansky C) ross D) russky
A) Polish B) Belarusian C) Bulgarian D) Czech
A) Church Slavonic B) Old Novgorod C) Trasianka D) Surzhyk
A) Trasianka B) Old Novgorod C) Surzhyk D) Cyrillic
A) Hebrew B) Dutch C) Bulgarian D) Arabic
A) 1492 B) 1453 C) 1900 D) 1850
A) Kiev B) Constantinople C) Moscow D) Novgorod
A) Dutch B) English C) Hebrew D) Latin
A) Level II B) Level IV C) Level I D) Level III
A) Moscow, Russia B) London, England C) Monterey, California D) Washington, D.C.
A) 300 hours B) 2,000 hours C) 1,100 hours D) 500 hours
A) Fifth-largest B) Sixth-largest C) Seventh-largest D) Eighth-largest
A) Spanish B) Portuguese C) Arabic D) Mandarin
A) 2024 B) 2026 C) 2025 D) 2030
A) 74.8% B) 24.9% C) 55.0% D) 71.1%
A) Polish B) English C) German D) French
A) 14.5% B) 5.0% C) 29.6% D) 7.2%
A) 5,094,928 B) 14,400,000 C) 137,500,000 D) 29,000,000
A) 82% B) Almost 60% C) 30% D) 9%
A) 50% B) 26% C) 30% D) 2%
A) 15% B) 5% C) 30% D) 26%
A) 26% B) 5% C) 2% D) 7%
A) Abkhaz B) Russian C) English D) Georgian
A) Russian B) Abkhaz C) Azerbaijani D) Armenian
A) 1,854,700 B) 482,200 C) 10,309,500 D) 54,460
A) 2006 B) 1996 C) 2005 D) 2023
A) 50% B) 100% C) 84.8% D) 70%
A) 54,460 B) 10,309,500 C) 482,200 D) 1,854,700
A) 2009 B) 1991 C) 2005 D) 1996
A) 84.8% B) 12% C) 30% D) 14.2%
A) 1996 B) 2023 C) 2005 D) 2006 |