Public housing - Quiz
Public housing
  • 1. What is another term for public housing?
A) Commercial housing
B) Private housing
C) Luxury housing
D) Social housing
  • 2. Who typically owns and manages public housing?
A) Local government, central government, or nonprofit organizations
B) Real estate companies
C) Foreign governments
D) Private landlords
  • 3. How is the right to rent public housing generally rationed?
A) By lottery
B) Through means-testing or administrative measures of housing needs
C) Based on employment status
D) First-come, first-served
  • 4. What percentage of national housing stock does social housing represent on average in the OECD as of 2020?
A) 50%
B) 7%
C) 25%
D) 15%
  • 5. Which country has the highest percentage of social housing in the OECD?
A) Netherlands (~34%)
B) Canada
C) Germany
D) United States
  • 6. What is the classification of public housing developments in the United States and Canada?
A) Luxury apartments
B) Private villas
C) Commercial buildings
D) Housing projects owned by a housing authority or low-income property
  • 7. What does PBV stand for in the context of public housing?
A) Private Building Venture
B) Permanent Budget Voucher
C) Public Benefit Voucher
D) Project-Based Voucher
  • 8. What is the main difference between PBV and PBRA?
A) PBV is for high-income families, PBRA is for low-income families
B) PBV is only in rural areas, PBRA is only in urban areas
C) PBV is administered by state and local housing agencies, while PBRA involves property owners contracting directly with HUD
D) PBV is for temporary housing, PBRA is for permanent housing
  • 9. How can affordable housing goals be achieved besides public housing?
A) By limiting housing to certain demographics
B) By reducing housing construction
C) By increasing rent prices
D) Through subsidies to private owners
  • 10. What was the oldest still-in-use social housing project mentioned?
A) The 16th-century Fuggerei in Augsburg, Bavaria
B) The 18th-century Port Sunlight village
C) The 19th-century Boundary Estate in London
D) The 20th-century Saltaire village
  • 11. What was a significant consequence of the Industrial Revolution on housing?
A) Decrease in urban population
B) Improvement in housing conditions
C) Dramatic urban population increase leading to squalor and overcrowding
D) Stabilization of housing markets
  • 12. Who were some social commentators reporting on urban housing conditions in the 19th century?
A) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
B) Octavia Hill and Charles Booth
C) John Locke and Adam Smith
D) Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau
  • 13. What did Henry Mayhew report about Bethnal Green?
A) Spacious homes and excellent sanitation
B) Luxurious housing and clean streets
C) Well-paved roads and modern infrastructure
D) Unmade roads, small houses without foundations, and lack of drainage
  • 14. What was the first large-scale housing project in London?
A) The Port Sunlight village
B) The Farringdon Road tenements
C) The Boundary Estate
D) The Old Nichol
  • 15. What was the infant mortality rate in the Old Nichol slum?
A) One child in four died before his or her first birthday
B) One child in ten died before his or her first birthday
C) No infant deaths were reported
D) One child in fifty died before his or her first birthday
  • 16. What sparked a public outcry leading to the construction of the Boundary Estate?
A) : A Child of the Jago by Arthur Morrison
B) The construction of Saltaire village
C) The report from a royal commission
D) The Housing of the Working Classes Act 1885
  • 17. What architectural movement influenced early 20th-century public housing in London?
A) The Baroque movement
B) The Modernist movement
C) The Gothic Revival movement
D) The Arts and Crafts movement and Ebenezer Howard's garden city ideas
  • 18. What was the campaign called that led to the 1919 Housing Act?
A) Homes fit for heroes
B) Housing for the working class
C) Build homes for the nation
D) Homes for all
  • 19. What percentage of conscripts were unfit to serve in the British Army in 1916?
A) 25%
B) 60%
C) 41%
D) 10%
  • 20. When did public housing projects become widespread globally?
A) Before the First World War
B) During the Industrial Revolution
C) In the 1930s
D) After the Second World War
  • 21. Which political party primarily runs the government in South Africa that focuses on building public housing?
A) Democratic Alliance
B) African National Congress
C) Freedom Front Plus
D) Economic Freedom Fighters
  • 22. What is the constitutional status of the right to housing in South Africa?
A) Temporary measure
B) Policy recommendation
C) Optional guideline
D) Constitutionally-enshrined right
  • 23. What was the budget for the Department of Human Settlements for the 2024/2025 fiscal year?
A) R33.6 billion
B) R25 billion
C) R40 billion
D) R50 billion
  • 24. What is the maximum household income for individuals applying for social housing in South Africa?
A) R3,500 per month
B) R5,000 per month
C) R4,000 per month
D) R2,500 per month
  • 25. For how many years is a government-provided home in South Africa not allowed to be sold?
A) 5 years
B) 8 years
C) 12 years
D) 10 years
  • 26. What amount of free water is provided per household per month by the South African government?
A) 8 kl
B) 6 kl
C) 10 kl
D) 5 kl
  • 27. What percentage of South Africans resided in social housing as of 2022?
A) 29.9%
B) 35%
C) 40%
D) 20%
  • 28. What is one of the goals of the Master Spatial Plan (MSP) in South Africa?
A) Social exclusion
B) Economic isolation
C) Environmental degradation
D) Spatial equity
  • 29. What is the minimum number of bedrooms specified by the National Housing Code 2009 for houses?
A) 3 bedrooms
B) 4 bedrooms
C) 2 bedrooms
D) 1 bedroom
  • 30. What is the minimum amount of free electricity provided per household per month by the South African government?
A) 60 kwh
B) 40 kwh
C) 70 kwh
D) 50 kwh
  • 31. Which policy provides for the facilitation of a sustainable housing development process in South Africa?
A) Urban Development Policy
B) Sustainable Living Policy
C) BNG 2004 policy
D) Housing Improvement Policy
  • 32. What is the minimum size of the combined living area and kitchen space required by the National Housing Code 2009?
A) Includes a dining table
B) Includes a refrigerator
C) Includes a wash basin
D) No specific size
  • 33. What is the minimum number of employees in the Department of Human Settlements as of the 2022/2023 financial year?
A) Under 300 employees
B) Exactly 400 employees
C) Over 500 employees
D) Over 700 employees
  • 34. What is the minimum requirement for an electrical installation in houses where electricity supply is available?
A) A solar panel
B) A battery backup
C) A generator
D) An electrical installation
  • 35. What is the purpose of the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act (SPLUMA Act) in South Africa?
A) Controls agricultural land use
B) Guides spatial development programs
C) Manages urban traffic
D) Regulates housing prices
  • 36. Did the housing programs fully meet the demand for housing?
A) They exceeded demand
B) Yes, they fully met demand
C) Demand was not an issue
D) No, they did not fully meet demand
  • 37. What is the Department of Human Settlements aiming to transition to?
A) A focus solely on housing construction
B) An exclusive focus on rural housing
C) A reduction in housing development
D) A holistic view including services
  • 38. When was the Minha Casa Minha Vida program launched in Brazil?
A) March 2008
B) March 2010
C) March 2009
D) March 2011
  • 39. Which bank financed the Minha Casa Minha Vida program?
A) Santander
B) Itaú
C) Caixa Econômica Federal
D) Bradesco
  • 40. In which Canadian city did the definition of social housing change in 2014?
A) Calgary
B) Montreal
C) Toronto
D) Vancouver
  • 41. What percentage of dwelling units must be occupied by households that cannot pay market rents for housing to be considered social housing in Vancouver?
A) 30 percent
B) 40 percent
C) 20 percent
D) 50 percent
  • 42. Who was the architect responsible for Mexico's first large-scale public housing project?
A) Mario Pani Darqui
B) Porfirio Díaz
C) Adolfo López Mateos
D) Le Corbusier
  • 43. What was the name of the first large-scale public housing project built in Mexico City?
A) Barrio of Loreto
B) Conjunto Habitacional Independencia
C) Centro Urbano Benito Juárez
D) Centro Urbano Presidente Alemán
  • 44. Which urban design ideas were introduced into the Centro Urbano projects?
A) Modernist architecture
B) Art Deco
C) Le Corbusier's Ville Radieuse
D) Gothic architecture
  • 45. Which public housing complex suffered major damage during the 1985 earthquake?
A) Nonoalco-Tlaltelolco
B) Centro Urbano Presidente Alemán
C) Barrio of Loreto
D) Conjunto Habitacional Independencia
  • 46. What happened to most of the Multifamiliar Benito Juárez complex after the earthquake?
A) It was fully restored
B) It was demolished
C) It was abandoned
D) It was converted into a museum
  • 47. During whose regime did Mexico first experience housing projects?
A) Mario Pani Darqui
B) Porfirio Díaz
C) Adolfo López Mateos
D) Le Corbusier
  • 48. Where is the Conjunto Habitacional Independencia located?
A) In Colonia Roma
B) In Colonia del Valle
C) In Santiago Tlatelolco
D) Near Tizapán neighborhood
  • 49. When did the Conjunto Habitacional Independencia transition from public housing to private ownership?
A) 1960
B) 1947
C) 1959
D) 1982
  • 50. How many official geographic areas are barrios divided into in Puerto Rico?
A) 50.
B) 200.
C) 100.
D) 901.
  • 51. What is a common feature of traditional public housing complexes in Puerto Rico?
A) All exterior grounds are shared areas.
B) They are located in urbanizaciones.
C) Each unit has its own private garden.
D) They consist of single-family homes.
  • 52. Which city was home to the nation's first public housing project, Techwood Homes?
A) Atlanta, Georgia
B) New York City, New York
C) Chicago, Illinois
D) Los Angeles, California
  • 53. What basis is usually used for subsidizing housing units?
A) Rent-geared-to-income (RGI)
B) Flat-rate subsidies
C) Income-based grants
D) Market-rate adjustments
  • 54. What percentage of a tenant's income was set as rent after the Brooke Amendment?
A) 15%
B) 30%
C) 20%
D) 25%
  • 55. What challenge did the housing voucher program face in terms of availability?
A) Long wait times
B) Immediate availability
C) Excessive funding
D) Overabundance of housing units
  • 56. When was the Home Ownership Scheme (HOS) launched in Hong Kong?
A) 1973
B) 1980
C) 1976
D) 1985
  • 57. What is the name of the public housing initiative started by Kerala?
A) Kerala Housing Mission
B) Housing for All
C) Life
D) Urban Renaissance
  • 58. Under which mission is Kerala's public housing initiative Life a part?
A) Urban Renewal Mission
B) Nava Kerala Mission
C) Smart Cities Mission
D) Housing for All
  • 59. In which year did Indonesia start its One Million Houses program?
A) 2015
B) 2017
C) 2014
D) 2016
  • 60. What is the Japanese term for a large cluster of apartment buildings or houses typically built as public housing?
A) Kamikaze
B) Sakura
C) Shogun
D) Danchi
  • 61. Who manages the day-to-day operations of public housing communities in Singapore?
A) Ministry of National Development
B) Housing and Development Board
C) Urban Redevelopment Authority
D) Town Councils
  • 62. What type of public housing in Taiwan is aimed at replacing deteriorating military housing?
A) Housing for Civil Servants
B) Rebuilt Military-Dependent Villages
C) Social Housing
D) Public Housing for Private Purchase
  • 63. What suffix is commonly used for rebuilt military-dependent villages in Taiwan?
A) New Village
B) Modern Village
C) New Town
D) Old Village
  • 64. How many housing units were built in Taiwan starting in 1976?
A) Approximately 600,000
B) Approximately 390,000
C) Approximately 250,000
D) Approximately 500,000
  • 65. What percentage of the EU population lived in households spending 40% or more of their disposable income on housing in 2015?
A) 20%
B) 15%
C) 11.3%
D) 5%
  • 66. Who is responsible for social housing in Belgium?
A) The federal government
B) Private landlords
C) Non-profit organizations
D) The regions
  • 67. As of 2018, how many social houses are managed by Flanders, Wallonia, and Brussels?
A) 150,000
B) 400,000
C) 500,000
D) 280,687
  • 68. What is the term for public housing in Denmark?
A) Community housing
B) Alment boligbyggeri
C) Public rental
D) Social housing
  • 69. When was the Ministry of Housing, Urban and Rural Affairs re-opened in Denmark?
A) 2020
B) October 2011
C) 2001
D) 2015
  • 70. What is the percentage of the total housing stock formed by public housing in Denmark?
A) 40%
B) 30%
C) 10%
D) 20%
  • 71. What is the role of the State of Denmark in public housing?
A) Directly owning
B) Financing
C) Strongly regulating
D) Managing
  • 72. How are rents for public housing apartments in Finland compared to market-rate housing?
A) Higher
B) The same
C) Slightly lower
D) Significantly lower
  • 73. On what basis is eligibility for public housing determined in Finland?
A) Employment status
B) Need-based evaluation
C) Family size
D) Income level
  • 74. When was the earliest public housing project in Finland built?
A) 1918
B) 1920
C) 1930
D) 1909
  • 75. Who designed the earliest public housing project in Helsinki?
A) Eliel Saarinen
B) Alvar Aalto
C) A. Nyberg
D) Gunnar Asplund
  • 76. By how much did homelessness reduce in Helsinki between 2008 and 2019?
A) 35%
B) 20%
C) 50%
D) 10%
  • 77. What percentage of the rental market did HLM represent in France in 2006?
A) 60%
B) 46%
C) 30%
D) 20%
  • 78. According to a 2025 study by the Banque des Territoires, what is the challenge in building new or renovated social housing in France?
A) High rental prices
B) The budgetary equation
C) Insufficient construction companies
D) Lack of political support
  • 79. What was the maximum number of stories for the new German housing estates built in the 1920s?
A) Eight stories
B) Ten stories
C) Three stories
D) Five stories
  • 80. Who designed the Laubenganghäuser in Dessau?
A) Walter Gropius
B) Hannes Meyer
C) Le Corbusier
D) Alvar Aalto
  • 81. Which architect led the New Frankfurt public housing project?
A) Ernst May
B) Frank Lloyd Wright
C) Le Corbusier
D) Mies van der Rohe
  • 82. What principle did Ernst May's public-relations project promote?
A) Art Nouveau
B) Neues Bauen
C) Deutscher Werkbund
D) Bauhaus
  • 83. Who developed the Frankfurt kitchen while working for Ernst May?
A) Eileen Gray
B) Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky
C) Walter Gropius
D) Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
  • 84. What year did the Nazi rise to power bring the era of innovative public housing to an end in Germany?
A) 1935
B) 1940
C) 1929
D) 1933
  • 85. What style of apartment blocks did East Germany predominantly build from the 1960s onward?
A) Brutalism
B) Expressionism
C) Plattenbau
D) Bauhaus
  • 86. What is the short form of Panelház in Hungary?
A) Flat
B) Block
C) Panel
D) Housing
  • 87. During which era were Panelház primarily built in Hungary?
A) Feudal era
B) Capitalist era
C) Modern era
D) Socialist era
  • 88. What type of glass was used to replace the old windows during the renovation program?
A) Laminated glass
B) Multi-layer thermo glass
C) Tempered glass
D) Single-layer glass
  • 89. What was one of the insulation improvements made during the renovation?
A) The buildings were deflated
B) The buildings were left uninsulated
C) The buildings were insulated
D) The buildings were insulated with metal
  • 90. In which decade was large-scale social housing first erected in Ireland?
A) 1970s
B) 1950s
C) 1940s
D) 1930s
  • 91. What role do housing associations play in Ireland's rental social housing provision?
A) Significant role
B) Temporary role
C) Minor role
D) No role
  • 92. What are the low-rent apartments in the Netherlands known as?
A) Sociale huurwoningen
B) Subsidized homes
C) Private rentals
D) Luxury apartments
  • 93. What percentage of total housing in Romania dates from the communist period?
A) 37%
B) 50%
C) 60%
D) 25%
  • 94. Which act initiated mass council house building in the UK around 1920?
A) 1996 'Carter' Act
B) 1919 'Addison' Act
C) 1964 'Wilson' Act
D) 1945 'Butler' Act
  • 95. What was introduced in 1968 to encourage home ownership among low-income buyers?
A) Decent Homes Programme
B) Right to Buy Scheme
C) Choice-Based Lettings
D) Option Mortgage Scheme
  • 96. Since when have non-profit housing associations been known as registered social landlords (RSLs) in the UK?
A) 1996
B) 1980
C) 2002
D) 2010
  • 97. What was abolished for council housing built after 1979?
A) Parker Morris standard
B) Rent re-structuring policy
C) Decent Homes Programme
D) Option Mortgage Scheme
  • 98. What was introduced to ensure social housing was occupied quickly by tenants moving?
A) Large-scale voluntary transfers
B) Right to Buy
C) Rent re-structuring policy
D) Choice-based lettings (CBL)
  • 99. What was the Labour government's initial approach to moving council housing away from local authority management?
A) Rent re-structuring policy
B) Choice-based lettings
C) Large-scale voluntary transfers (LSVT)
D) Decent Homes Programme
  • 100. What is the term for the policy where tenants can swap homes even if their landlords are different?
A) Council swap
B) Rental rotation
C) Affordable exchange
D) Mutual exchange
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