Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve - Quiz
Wrangell St
  • 1. What percentage of glacial ice in Alaska is accounted for by the mountain ranges of Wrangell–St. Elias?
A) 50 percent
B) 40 percent
C) 60 percent
D) 75 percent
  • 2. Which glacier is the largest piedmont glacier in North America?
A) Nabesna Glacier
B) Tyndall Glacier
C) Malaspina Glacier
D) Hubbard Glacier
  • 3. What is the longest tidewater glacier in Alaska?
A) Hubbard Glacier
B) Nabesna Glacier
C) Malaspina Glacier
D) Guyot Glacier
  • 4. Which glacier is recognized as the world's longest valley glacier?
A) Malaspina Glacier
B) Tyndall Glacier
C) Hubbard Glacier
D) Nabesna Glacier
  • 5. What significant geological feature did a glacial dam in the Copper River valley create during the Wisconsin glaciation?
A) Lake Atna
B) Bremner Lake
C) Copper Lake
D) Valdez Lake
  • 6. When was gold first discovered in the Bremner district of Wrangell–St. Elias?
A) 1890
B) 1913
C) 1901
D) 1925
  • 7. Which mineral was primarily sourced from the Kennecott lode next to the Kennicott Glacier?
A) Gold
B) Molybdenum
C) Nickel
D) Copper
  • 8. What was the copper sulfide ore at Kennecott lode initially assayed to contain?
A) 60% copper
B) 70% copper
C) 80% copper
D) 50% copper
  • 9. Which people settled near the mouth of the Copper River on the Gulf of Alaska?
A) Eyak people
B) Upper Tanana speakers
C) Tlingit people
D) Ahtna people
  • 10. Who was the first European known to have explored the lower Copper River?
A) George Holt
B) John Bremner
C) Vitus Bering
D) Lieutenant William Abercrombie
  • 11. Which company established a permanent trading post at Port Etches in 1793?
A) Shelikov Company
B) Hudson's Bay Company
C) Lebedev-Lastochkin Company
D) Northwest Company
  • 12. In what year did the Tlingit and Eyak attack and destroy the Russian post at Yakutat?
A) 1819
B) 1793
C) 1805
D) 1789
  • 13. Who led an expedition that fully explored the Copper and Chitina rivers in 1885?
A) George Holt
B) Frederick Schwatka
C) John Bremner
D) Lieutenant Henry Tureman Allen
  • 14. Which expedition noted the use of copper by native peoples along the Copper River?
A) Schwatka expedition
B) Abercrombie expedition
C) Allen expedition
D) Bremner expedition
  • 15. What was the fate of a party that started from Taral in 1848 with the intention of reaching the Yukon River?
A) They successfully reached the Yukon River
B) They were killed by the Ahtna
C) They returned to Taral without incident
D) They established a new trading post
  • 16. When are most park facilities open?
A) From June to August
B) Only during winter
C) From May to September
D) All year round
  • 17. What is unique about the Kendesnii campground?
A) It's accessible only by air
B) It has over 100 sites
C) It's located near Icy Bay
D) It's the only Park Service-managed campground in the park
  • 18. Is a permit required for backcountry camping?
A) Permits are only required for overnight stays
B) Yes, a special permit is needed
C) No, it is allowed without a permit
D) Only during winter months
  • 19. What limits mountain biking in the park?
A) Strict regulations by the Park Service
B) The presence of dangerous wildlife
C) Lack of designated trails
D) Prevailing boggy conditions in the summer
  • 20. How many of the 70 tallest mountains in Alaska are located in the park?
A) 10
B) 35
C) 50
D) 25
  • 21. What is required to use off-road vehicles (ORVs) in the preserve?
A) A special license from the Park Service
B) No restrictions or requirements
C) An air taxi service reservation
D) Specific routes and permits
  • 22. Where is sport hunting allowed?
A) Only within the preserve lands
B) Throughout the entire park and preserve
C) Anywhere in the park as long as it's not during peak tourist season
D) In designated areas of the visitor centers
  • 23. Who manages hunting regulations?
A) Local residents' committees
B) Alaska's Department of Wildlife Conservation
C) Only the National Park Service
D) The National Park Service and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game
  • 24. In which year was Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve established?
A) 1965
B) 1990
C) 1978
D) 1980
  • 25. Who designated Wrangell–St. Elias as a national monument in 1978?
A) President Ronald Reagan
B) President Richard Nixon
C) President Jimmy Carter
D) President George H.W. Bush
  • 26. What is the highest peak within Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve?
A) Mount Blackburn
B) Mount Saint Elias
C) Mount Wrangell
D) Mount Churchill
  • 27. What is the total area of Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve?
A) 13,175,799.07 acres (20,587.19 sq mi; 53,320.57 km2)
B) 15,000,000 acres
C) 10,000,000 acres
D) 8,323,147.59 acres
  • 28. What is the largest single wilderness area in the United States located within Wrangell–St. Elias?
A) Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness
B) Wrangell–St. Elias Wilderness
C) Denali Wilderness
D) Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument
  • 29. Which of the following is not a major river in Wrangell–St. Elias National Park?
A) Nabesna River
B) Chitina River
C) Chisana River
D) Kuskokwim River
  • 30. How many of the 16 highest peaks on U.S. soil are located in Wrangell–St. Elias National Park?
A) Five
B) Nine
C) Sixteen
D) Twelve
  • 31. Which of the following is not a major volcano in the Wrangell Range?
A) Mount Churchill
B) Mount McKinley
C) Mount Wrangell
D) Mount Blackburn
  • 32. What geological process leads to the formation of volcanoes inland from the subduction zone?
A) Subduction
B) Erosion
C) Weathering
D) Sedimentation
  • 33. When did the Alaskan coast reach its modern configuration?
A) 25 million years ago
B) 75 million years ago
C) About 50 million years ago
D) 100 million years ago
  • 34. What is the age of the oldest volcanoes in Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve?
A) 67 million years old
B) 50 million years old
C) 110 million years old
D) About 26 million years old
  • 35. Which terrane is part of the Wrangellia composite terrane?
A) Chugach Terrane
B) Windy or Yukon-Tanana Terrane
C) Prince William Terrane
D) Yakutat Terrane
  • 36. What geological feature is formed by the subduction of the Pacific Plate under Alaska?
A) Deserts
B) Mountain ranges
C) Oceans
D) Plains
  • 37. What type of volcano is Mount Wrangell primarily classified as?
A) Shield volcano
B) Stratovolcano
C) Lava dome
D) Cinder cone
  • 38. What is the height of Mount Wrangell?
A) 16,390 feet (5,000 m)
B) 13,421 feet (4,091 m)
C) 9,040 feet (2,760 m)
D) 14,163 feet (4,317 m)
  • 39. What geological feature is Mount Zanetti?
A) A large cinder cone
B) A stratovolcano
C) A lava dome
D) A shield volcano
  • 40. What type of eruptions does Mount Wrangell's summit produce occasionally?
A) Plinian eruptions
B) Hawaiian eruptions
C) Strombolian eruptions
D) Phreatic eruptions
  • 41. What type of volcanic activity is associated with the arrival of the Yakutat terrane?
A) Lava dome formation
B) Rift zone volcanism
C) Subduction-related volcanism
D) Hotspot volcanism
  • 42. What is the height of Mount Sanford, the tallest of the western Wrangell volcanoes?
A) 16,237 feet (4,949 m)
B) 9,040 feet (2,760 m)
C) 14,163 feet (4,317 m)
D) 13,421 feet (4,091 m)
  • 43. What type of volcanoes are the majority of the Wrangell volcanoes classified as?
A) Lava domes
B) Cinder cones
C) Stratovolcanoes
D) Shield volcanoes
  • 44. Who was sent by the U.S. Geological Survey to find the source of copper ore in Kennicott Glacier?
A) Oscar Rohn
B) Clarence Warner
C) Stephen Birch
D) Jack Smith
  • 45. What was the length of the railway constructed for Kennecott mine?
A) 100 miles (160 km)
B) 195 miles (314 km)
C) 250 miles (402 km)
D) 300 miles (482 km)
  • 46. In which year was the Kennecott operation finally shut down?
A) 1925
B) 1950
C) 1938
D) 1940
  • 47. How much copper did the Kennecott mine yield?
A) 700,000 tons
B) 600,000 tons
C) 800,000 tons
D) 500,000 tons
  • 48. Which oilfield produced oil near Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve from 1903 to 1933?
A) Nabesna
B) Kushtaka
C) Katalla
D) Copper River
  • 49. Who first proposed a national park in the Chitina Valley?
A) Bob Marshall
B) Harold L. Ickes
C) Ernest Gruening
D) Frank Been
  • 50. What was the name of the 1964 study advocating development and promotion of Alaska parks?
A) Operation Great Land
B) National Park Expansion Study
C) Alaska's Future
D) Great Alaskan Adventure
  • 51. Who introduced the first version of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act in 1977?
A) Mike Gravel
B) Morris K. Udall
C) Walter J. Hickel
D) Ernest Gruening
  • 52. What year did relations between local residents and the Park Service worsen due to testimony before Congress?
A) 1994
B) 1979
C) 1985
D) 2000
  • 53. Which organization claimed that the UNESCO World Heritage Site designation was part of a UN plan to control U.S. parks?
A) Alaska State Government
B) The John Birch Society
C) United Nations
D) National Park Service
  • 54. In what year was the transborder park system, including Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve, declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
A) 1995
B) 1979
C) 1967
D) 1980
  • 55. What is the average annual extreme minimum temperature at Kennecott Visitor Center according to USDA?
A) -37.8 °F
B) -45.0 °F
C) -40.0 °F
D) -30.0 °F
  • 56. Which month marks the beginning of summer in Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve?
A) August
B) July
C) June
D) May
  • 57. How many months during winter can temperatures remain below freezing in the park's interior?
A) Two months
B) Five months
C) Seven months
D) Three months
  • 58. Which of these animals is NOT mentioned as important to the habitat within the UNESCO World Heritage Site designation?
A) Caribou
B) Grizzly bears
C) Wolves
D) Dall sheep
  • 59. What is the Plant Hardiness zone at Kennecott Visitor Center?
A) 4b
B) 5a
C) 3a
D) 2c
  • 60. Which of the following is NOT one of the five major environmental categories in Wrangell–St. Elias National Park?
A) Lowlands
B) Desert
C) Uplands
D) Wetlands
  • 61. What type of forest dominates the drier upland regions in Wrangell–St. Elias?
A) Temperate rainforest
B) Boreal forest (taiga)
C) Savanna
D) Tropical rainforest
  • 62. Which tree species is better adapted to fire conditions in the park's upland regions?
A) Quaking aspen
B) White spruce
C) Paper birch
D) Black spruce
  • 63. Which plant is NOT typically found in the wetland areas of Wrangell–St. Elias?
A) Grasses
B) Cacti
C) Spikerush
D) Sedges
  • 64. Which type of ground cover is common in the lowland regions with permafrost?
A) Desert shrubs
B) Ground mosses
C) Cacti
D) Tropical ferns
  • 65. What type of riverbeds are found in the park's glacial valleys?
A) Straight riverbeds
B) Circular riverbeds
C) Meandering riverbeds
D) Braided riverbeds
  • 66. Which plant is NOT typically found in the subalpine environment?
A) Low shrubs
B) Tropical orchids
C) Forbs
D) Graminoids
  • 67. Which endangered sea lion species may be observed along the park’s coastal waters?
A) California sea lion
B) Harbor seal
C) Steller sea lion
D) Dall's porpoise
  • 68. How many species of fish have been documented in the fresh waters of Wrangell–St. Elias National Park?
A) 15
B) 21
C) 10
D) 30
  • 69. Which bird is not listed as one of the most common in Wrangell–St. Elias National Park?
A) Raven
B) Bald eagle
C) Canada goose
D) Willow ptarmigan
  • 70. How many bird species remain in the park during winter?
A) 75
B) 50
C) 24
D) 93
  • 71. Which owl is not mentioned as inhabiting Wrangell–St. Elias National Park?
A) Northern hawk owl
B) Great horned owl
C) Boreal owl
D) Snowy owl
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