Epic of Gilgamesh - Quiz
Epic of Gilgamesh
  • 1. What is the Epic of Gilgamesh?
A) A collection of Greek myths compiled during the Hellenistic period
B) An epic from ancient Mesopotamia that is the world's oldest surviving example of narrative literature
C) A Roman historical chronicle written in Latin
D) A religious text from ancient Egypt focusing on the afterlife
  • 2. How many Sumerian poems about Gilgamesh form the beginning of his literary history?
A) Five
B) Three
C) Seven
D) Ten
  • 3. Gilgamesh was the king of which ancient city?
A) Nineveh
B) Uruk
C) Babylon
D) Ur
  • 4. To which time period might some of the original Sumerian poems date?
A) Neo-Assyrian Empire (c. 700 BCE)
B) First Babylonian Dynasty (c. 1750 BCE)
C) Third Dynasty of Ur (c. 2100 BCE)
D) Akkadian Empire (c. 2300 BCE)
  • 5. What is the title of the 'Old Babylonian' version of the epic based on its incipit?
A) Izdubar
B) Athra-Hasis
C) Shūtur eli sharrī
D) Sha naqba īmuru
  • 6. During which century does the 'Old Babylonian' version date?
A) 21st century BCE
B) 18th century BCE
C) 12th century BCE
D) 7th century BCE
  • 7. Who compiled the later Standard Babylonian version of the epic?
A) Sîn-lēqi-unninni
B) Paul Haupt
C) Austen Henry Layard
D) George Smith
  • 8. What is the incipit of the Standard Babylonian version?
A) Athra-Hasis
B) Sha naqba īmuru
C) Shūtur eli sharrī
D) Izdubar
  • 9. How many tablets make up the Standard Babylonian version?
A) 12 tablets
B) 20 tablets
C) 5 tablets
D) 8 tablets
  • 10. Approximately how much of the Standard Babylonian version has been recovered?
A) About one-half
B) Almost all of it
C) Only a few fragments
D) About two-thirds
  • 11. In which king's library ruins were some of the best copies of the epic discovered?
A) Hammurabi
B) Ashurbanipal
C) Sargon
D) Nebuchadnezzar
  • 12. What kind of man was Enkidu upon creation by the gods?
A) A wise scribe
B) A wild man
C) A divine priest
D) A mighty king
  • 13. Why did the gods create Enkidu?
A) To stop Gilgamesh from oppressing his people
B) To guard the Cedar Forest
C) To build the walls of Uruk
D) To help Gilgamesh conquer foreign lands
  • 14. How does Enkidu become civilized?
A) By learning to read cuneiform
B) Through a battle with Gilgamesh
C) By drinking sacred water from a temple
D) Through sexual initiation with Shamhat
  • 15. What does Enkidu do after traveling to Uruk?
A) Challenges Ishtar to combat
B) Challenges Gilgamesh to a test of strength
C) Destroys the city walls in anger
D) Begins ruling the city alongside Gilgamesh
  • 16. How long is the journey to the Cedar Forest made by Gilgamesh and Enkidu?
A) Twelve days
B) Three days
C) Six days
D) Forty days
  • 17. Who is the guardian of the Cedar Forest?
A) Enmebaragesi
B) Humbaba
C) Utnapishtim
D) Izdubar
  • 18. What tree do Gilgamesh and Enkidu cut down in the Cedar Forest?
A) The sacred cedar
B) The royal palm
C) The immortal cypress
D) The holy oak
  • 19. Which goddess sends the Bull of Heaven to punish Gilgamesh?
A) Shamhat
B) Inanna
C) Tiamat
D) Ishtar
  • 20. Why does Ishtar send the Bull of Heaven?
A) Because Gilgamesh killed Humbaba
B) Because Enkidu entered Uruk
C) Because Gilgamesh spurned her advances
D) Because the cedar forest was destroyed
  • 21. How do the gods decide to punish Enkidu after he and Gilgamesh kill the Bull of Heaven?
A) Sentence him to death by giving him a fatal illness
B) Exile him to the ends of the earth
C) Turn him back into a wild beast
D) Strip him of his civilization and memories
  • 22. What prompts Gilgamesh to undertake a journey to discover the secret of eternal life?
A) Fear of Ishtar's revenge
B) Distress over Enkidu's death
C) The loss of his kingdom in Uruk
D) A prophecy given by the gods in a dream
  • 23. Who are the only humans to survive the flood triggered by the gods whom Gilgamesh meets?
A) Ashurbanipal and his queen
B) Utnapishtim and his wife
C) Enmebaragesi and his daughter
D) Sîn-lēqi-unninni and his family
  • 24. What does Utnapishtim tell Gilgamesh about life and death?
A) Only those who defeat the gods may live forever
B) Eternal life can be attained by drinking from a secret spring
C) Life is easily preserved through wisdom and good deeds
D) Life will never be found because death is man's share set by the gods
  • 25. Which later Greek hero is mentioned as having Gilgamesh as a prototype?
A) Perseus
B) Heracles (Hercules)
C) Achilles
D) Odysseus
  • 26. Whose epics did the Epic of Gilgamesh serve as an influence for?
A) Virgil's epics
B) Roman epics
C) Sumerian epics
D) Homeric epics
  • 27. Who discovered about 15,000 fragments of Assyrian cuneiform tablets in Nineveh?
A) George Smith, Paul Haupt, and Peter Jensen
B) Theodore Kwasman and Samuel Noah Kramer
C) Austen Henry Layard, Hormuzd Rassam, and W. K. Loftus
D) R. Campbell Thompson and Hobby Lobby
  • 28. In what decade were the cuneiform tablets discovered in the Library of Ashurbanipal?
A) Early 1890s
B) Early 1850s
C) Late 1870s
D) Late 1930s
  • 29. Who was hired by the British Museum in the late 1860s to study the discovered fragments?
A) George Smith
B) Paul Haupt
C) Theodore Kwasman
D) Samuel Noah Kramer
  • 30. In what year did George Smith read translated fragments before the Society of Biblical Archaeology?
A) 1900
B) 1891
C) 1852
D) 1872
  • 31. What was the title of George Smith's 1876 fuller translation publication?
A) The Epic of Izdubar
B) Sha naqba īmuru
C) Shūtur eli sharrī
D) The Chaldaean Account of Genesis
  • 32. What name was initially used to reintroduce the central character of Gilgamesh before his name could be pronounced accurately?
A) Enmebaragesi
B) Athra-Hasis
C) Izdubar
D) Ashurbanipal
  • 33. Who collected the cuneiform text in 1891?
A) Paul Haupt
B) R. Campbell Thompson
C) George Smith
D) Peter Jensen
  • 34. Who provided a comprehensive edition of the text nine years after Paul Haupt's collection?
A) Theodore Kwasman
B) Samuel Noah Kramer
C) Peter Jensen
D) Austen Henry Layard
  • 35. Who updated the work of Paul Haupt and Peter Jensen in 1930?
A) George Smith
B) Hormuzd Rassam
C) R. Campbell Thompson
D) W. K. Loftus
  • 36. Over the two decades following 1930, who reassembled the Sumerian poems?
A) Paul Haupt
B) Theodore Kwasman
C) Samuel Noah Kramer
D) Peter Jensen
  • 37. Who discovered a piece believed to have contained the first lines of the epic in the British Museum storeroom in 1998?
A) George Smith
B) Theodore Kwasman
C) Hormuzd Rassam
D) Samuel Noah Kramer
  • 38. Between which years is the fragment discovered by Theodore Kwasman dated?
A) 2100 BCE and 1800 BCE
B) 1300 BCE and 1000 BCE
C) 600 BCE and 100 BCE
D) 1850 CE and 1900 CE
  • 39. In what year was the fragment found that Theodore Kwasman later examined in 1998?
A) 1930
B) 1891
C) 1852
D) 1878
  • 40. What is the father of one of Gilgamesh's adversaries mentioned in the legends, whose associated artifacts lend credibility to Gilgamesh's historical existence?
A) Utnapishtim of Shuruppak
B) Sîn-lēqi-unninni of Uruk
C) Enmebaragesi of Kish
D) Ashurbanipal of Nineveh
  • 41. Into which country was the Gilgamesh Dream Tablet imported illegally in the early 2000s?
A) France
B) Germany
C) United Kingdom
D) United States
  • 42. In what year was the Gilgamesh Dream Tablet purchased by a US antiquities dealer while encrusted with dirt and unreadable?
A) 2014
B) 1998
C) 2003
D) 2007
  • 43. When was the Gilgamesh Dream Tablet sold with a false letter regarding its provenance?
A) 2007
B) 2019
C) 2014
D) 2003
  • 44. Which organization privately purchased the Gilgamesh Dream Tablet in 2014 for display at the Museum of the Bible?
A) The Society of Biblical Archaeology
B) The Fragmentarium project
C) The British Museum
D) Hobby Lobby
  • 45. In which city is the Museum of the Bible located?
A) New York
B) Washington, D.C.
C) London
D) Nineveh
  • 46. In what year was the Gilgamesh Dream Tablet seized by US officials?
A) 2019
B) 2021
C) 2014
D) 2003
  • 47. To which country was the Gilgamesh Dream Tablet returned in September 2021?
A) Iraq
B) Iran
C) Turkey
D) Syria
  • 48. In what year was the Fragmentarium project established?
A) 2014
B) 1998
C) 2015
D) 2003
  • 49. What technology has been used by the Fragmentarium project since 2015 to add additional epic segments?
A) Machine learning analysis
B) Infrared photography
C) Carbon dating scanners
D) Digital translation algorithms
  • 50. By what date had machine learning analysis led to new segments of the epic being included in English translations?
A) December 2019
B) September 2021
C) January 2015
D) August 2024
  • 51. In which years were the print English translations containing new segments from the Fragmentarium project published?
A) 2014 and 2019
B) 1891 and 1900
C) 2020 and 2021
D) 1872 and 1875
  • 52. What is the geographic origin of the Epic of Gilgamesh?
A) Ancient Egypt
B) Ancient Mesopotamia
C) Ancient Greece
D) The Indus Valley
  • 53. In what language were the independent Sumerian stories of Gilgamesh later combined into an epic?
A) Babylonian
B) Assyrian
C) Akkadian
D) Sumerian
  • 54. What does the incipit Sha naqba īmuru translate to literally?
A) Surpassing All Other Kings
B) He Who Sees the Unknown
C) He Who Saw the Deep(s)
D) The Foundation of the Land
  • 55. Who was Shamhat in relation to Enkidu?
A) The queen of Uruk
B) The guardian of the Cedar Forest
C) The woman of his sexual initiation
D) The goddess who created him
  • 56. What did Gilgamesh and Enkidu do in the Cedar Forest besides cutting down the cedar?
A) Found the secret of eternal life
B) Killed the Bull of Heaven
C) Built a temple for Ishtar
D) Slew its guardian, Humbaba
  • 57. Which of the following characters is associated with a flood narrative similar to Utnapishtim?
A) Enmebaragesi
B) Sîn-lēqi-unninni
C) Humbaba
D) Athra-Hasis
  • 58. What publication did George Smith release in 1875 and 1876?
A) Fuller translations of the discovered fragments
B) A comprehensive edition of Sumerian poems
C) A machine learning analysis of cuneiform
D) The first translation of the Old Babylonian version
  • 59. How are the earliest Sumerian poems now generally considered?
A) A collection of letters
B) A historical chronicle
C) A single complete epic
D) Distinct stories
  • 60. What term is used in the text to describe gaps in the texts?
A) Lacunae
B) Steles
C) Stanzas
D) Cuneiform
  • 61. Despite several revised versions based on new discoveries, what is the status of the epic?
A) It is fully restored
B) It has been lost again
C) It remains incomplete
D) It is completely deciphered
  • 62. What is the most recent Akkadian version also referred to as?
A) Standard Babylonian version
B) Ur Dynasty version
C) Deep River version
D) Original Sumerian version
  • 63. How many main versions of the epic have been partially reconstructed from diverse sources?
A) Five
B) Two
C) Twelve
D) Three
  • 64. What is an alternative title for the Old Babylonian version?
A) Lord of the Epic
B) He who saw the deep
C) Surpassing all other kings
D) The Twelve Tablets
  • 65. In what year was the Standard Babylonian version discovered?
A) 1300
B) 1853
C) 1835
D) 1000
  • 66. Who compiled the Standard Babylonian version?
A) Sin-leqi-unninni
B) Lins Brandão
C) Utnapishtim
D) Hormuzd Rassam
  • 67. What major issue did Sin-leqi-unninni bring to the foreground?
A) Agriculture
B) Warfare
C) Wealth
D) Mortality
  • 68. Which scholar viewed the standard version as 'sapiential literature'?
A) Lins Brandão
B) Sin-leqi-unninni
C) Ashurbanipal
D) Hormuzd Rassam
  • 69. Brandão's idea of the work as 'sapiential literature' comes from which region?
A) Europe
B) Middle East
C) Asia Minor
D) North Africa
  • 70. With whom did Gilgamesh meet to learn mysteries about Ea?
A) Uta-Napishti
B) Ashurbanipal
C) Enkidu
D) Sin-leqi-unninni
  • 71. Who is Ea associated with in the context of the fountain of wisdom?
A) Warfare
B) The Underworld
C) Agriculture
D) Wisdom
  • 72. In which other Babylonian epic can the story of Utnapishtim be found?
A) Atra-Hasis
B) Gilgāmeš
C) Erra
D) Enuma Elish
  • 73. What is another name for the Standard version of the epic?
A) iškar Gilgāmeš
B) Surpassing all other kings
C) ša naqba īmuru
D) Sapiential literature
  • 74. How many tablets comprise the well-crafted epic excluding the sequel?
A) 7
B) 10
C) 11
D) 12
  • 75. In Tablet 12, who does Gilgamesh send to the Underworld?
A) Utnapishtim
B) Ea
C) Sin-leqi-unninni
D) Enkidu
  • 76. In what form does Enkidu return from the Underworld in Tablet 12?
A) Spirit
B) Monster
C) Animal
D) God
  • 77. What poetic feature is extensively used across sets of two or three adjacent lines?
A) Alliteration
B) Rhyme
C) Parallelism
D) Metaphor
  • 78. The poetic parallelism in the epic is similar to that found in what texts?
A) Ashurbanipal's library records
B) Sumerian flood tales
C) Epic of Atra-Hasis
D) Hebrew Psalms
  • 79. Who translated the text and insisted on its relationship to Genesis by giving it the title 'Izdubar-Nimrod'?
A) Martin Litchfield West
B) Alfred Jeremias
C) George Smith
D) Neil MacGregor
  • 80. Who stated in 1966 that 'Greek literature is a Near East literature'?
A) Martin Litchfield West
B) Lins Brandão
C) Alfred Jeremias
D) George Smith
  • 81. What term does Lins Brandão use to describe how the poem would have been placed on a stele?
A) Narû
B) Misanthrope
C) Izdubar
D) Antediluvian
  • 82. What responsibility did the reader or scribe have regarding the 'narû' text?
A) Translate it into Greek heroic poetry
B) Destroy the stele after reading
C) Add new adventures of Gilgamesh
D) Pass the text on without omitting or adding anything
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