A) Disjunction B) Nondisjunction C) Segregation D) Aneuploidy
A) Meiosis I, meiosis II, or mitosis B) Only mitosis C) Only meiosis I D) Only meiosis II
A) Turner syndrome B) Down syndrome C) Patau syndrome D) Edwards syndrome
A) XXX B) X0 C) XYY D) XXY
A) Increased metabolic rate B) Presumed loss of cohesin over time C) Decrease in cytoplasm volume D) Reduced temperature
A) Luteinizing hormone B) Natriuretic peptide type C (NPPC) C) Cdc25B D) Cyclin B
A) Cyclin B B) Protein kinase A (PKA) C) Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) D) Adenylyl cyclase
A) Activates PDE3A B) Spurs oocyte maturation C) Increases cAMP levels D) Induces meiotic arrest
A) Exo1 B) Spo11 C) Sae2 D) Mre11
A) Inhibits APC/C B) Activates Cdc25 C) Represses IME1 D) Major meiotic regulator
A) PKA B) Anaphase-promoting complex (APC) C) Cdc25B D) WEE2
A) Down syndrome B) Edwards syndrome C) Jacobs syndrome D) Klinefelter syndrome
A) Ubiquitin-dependent pathway B) Double Holliday junction (dHJ) pathway C) Synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) D) CSF pathway
A) Trisomy of chromosome 13 B) Monosomy of X chromosome C) Trisomy of chromosome 21 D) Trisomy of chromosome 18
A) Reduce cGMP transport B) Stabilize gap junctions C) Promote NPPC production D) Increase cGMP transport
A) Parabasalids and oxymonads B) Humans and primates C) Yeast and mice D) Wood-feeding cockroaches
A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae B) Mus musculus C) Cryptocercus D) Homo sapiens
A) 1 B) 10 C) 46 D) 23
A) 3-fold B) 2-fold C) 1.2-fold D) 1.6-fold
A) At the nucleolus B) At the mid-point of the chromosome C) At the centromeres D) At the telomeres
A) At the telomeres B) At the centromeres C) At the heterochromatin D) At the kinetochores
A) 100% B) 1% C) 0.1% D) 10%
A) 1,000 bp B) 1 million bp C) 100,000 bp D) 10 million bp
A) At least 200 B) Exactly 23 C) Fewer than 50 D) Exactly 100
A) 27 times B) 42 times C) 200 times D) 10 times
A) 42 times B) 50 times C) 27 times D) 15 times
A) 50–100% B) 5–30% C) 90–100% D) 1–2%
A) 100–200 B) 5–10 C) 20–30 D) 1–2
A) They disappear B) They shorten C) They lengthen D) They stabilize
A) It is protected B) It is degraded C) It is synthesized D) It is doubled
A) Yes, twice B) Yes, once C) Only in plant cells D) No
A) Tetraploid B) Triploid C) Diploid D) Haploid
A) Four B) Six C) Two D) Eight
A) Rotated by 180 degrees B) Identical C) Rotated by 90 degrees D) Parallel
A) They fuse B) They segregate C) They replicate D) They condense
A) Homologous pairs B) Centrosomes C) Tetrads D) Sister chromosomes
A) Two daughter cells B) One diploid cell C) Four daughter cells D) DNA replication
A) Nuclear envelopes B) Cytoplasmic bridges C) Centrosomes D) Spindle fibers
A) They lengthen B) They shorten C) They dissolve D) They replicate
A) It reforms B) It doubles C) It grows D) It disappears
A) Two poles B) Crossing over C) Moving through D) Sister separation
A) Diakinesis B) Metaphase I C) Anaphase I D) Prometaphase
A) Centrosomes B) Cohesin complexes C) Nuclear membrane D) Chiasmata
A) Independent assortment finishes B) Bipolar attachments dissolve C) Cohesin is cleaved D) Nucleoli disappear
A) Chromosomes B) Centrosomes C) Kinetochores D) Microtubules
A) Approximately 80 B) Exactly 2 C) Over 200 D) About 40
A) Linear B) Spherical C) Barrel shaped D) Circular
A) An aster B) A nuclear envelope C) A centrosome D) A kinetochore plate
A) Equatorial attachment B) Chiasmata attachment C) Unipolar attachment D) Bipolar attachment
A) Vesicle fusion B) Tension C) Centrosome alignment D) Nucleolar reformation
A) Edouard Van Beneden B) Oscar Hertwig C) Thomas Hunt Morgan D) August Weismann
A) 1890 B) 1911 C) 1876 D) 1883
A) Oscar Hertwig B) August Weismann C) Thomas Hunt Morgan D) J.B. Farmer
A) Ascaris roundworm B) Drosophila melanogaster C) Sea urchin D) Bacteria
A) French B) Greek C) German D) Latin
A) Lessening B) Division C) Doubling D) Replication
A) Flemming B) Koernicke C) August Weismann D) Thomas Hunt Morgan
A) G1 phase B) S phase C) Prophase I D) G2 phase
A) Nucleus B) Chromosome C) Ribosome D) Centromere
A) Prophase B) G1 phase C) S phase D) G2 phase
A) Interkinesis B) Prophase I C) Telophase I D) G2 phase
A) Gamete B) Haploid C) Zygote D) Diploid
A) Sister chromatids B) Spindles C) Homologs D) Polar bodies
A) Spindle apparatus B) Sister chromatids C) Binary fission D) Crossovers
A) None B) Two C) One D) Four
A) Gametes B) Spores C) Ovum D) Polar bodies
A) Bacteria B) Bdelloid rotifers C) Fungi D) Archaea
A) Meiosis B) Spore formation C) Parthenogenesis D) Binary fission
A) Mitosis B) Meiosis C) Binary fission D) Horizontal gene transfer
A) Producing gametes B) Increasing the number of diploid cells C) Replacing damaged tissue D) Creating identical somatic cells
A) Sperm cell B) Polar body C) Ova D) Zygote
A) Aneuploidy B) S-phase duplication C) Excessive recombination D) Sister chromatid cohesion
A) Chromosome deletion B) Sister chromatid synthesis C) Mitotic division D) Homologous recombination
A) Chromatin B) Tetrads C) Haploids D) Diploids
A) Tetrad B) Sister chromatid C) Homologous pair D) Haploid cell
A) Paired threads B) Thick threads C) Double threads D) Thin threads
A) ~100 nm B) ~400 nm C) ~200 nm D) ~800 nm
A) Leptonema B) Diplonema C) Zygonema D) Pachynema
A) Recombination B) Crossing over C) Gene conversion D) Synapsis
A) ~50 nm B) ~1000 nm C) ~100 nm D) ~400 nm
A) Thick threads B) Separated threads C) Thin threads D) Paired threads
A) Zygotene B) Leptotene C) Pachytene D) Diplotene
A) Leptonema B) Pachynema C) Zygonema D) Dictyotene
A) Eukaryotic organisms B) Bacterial organisms C) Viral organisms D) Prokaryotic organisms
A) As exclusively sexual B) As asexual C) As multicellular D) As viral pathogens
A) No genetic exchange B) Facultative sex C) Obligate asexual reproduction D) Binary fission only
A) Volvox carteri B) Homo sapiens C) Schizosaccharomyces pombe D) Bombyx mori
A) Increasing chromosome number B) Repairing DNA damage C) Accelerating cell division D) Preventing mutation
A) Point mutations B) Double-strand breaks C) Chromosomal deletions D) Base pair substitutions
A) Hydrogen peroxide B) Heat shock C) Synaptonemal complexes D) Antioxidants
A) Antioxidants B) Heat shock C) Hydrogen peroxide D) Recombinational enzymes
A) Redundant B) Dictyate C) Achiasmate D) Synaptonemal
A) Sporic B) Haplontic C) Diplontic D) Haplodiplontic
A) During the mitotic phase B) During gamete formation C) Pre-gametic D) Post-zygotic
A) Spores B) Ova C) Spermatozoa D) Zygotes
A) Oocytes B) Spermatogonia C) Germinal vesicles D) Follicle cells
A) Polar body B) Germinal vesicle C) Spindle D) Somatic shell
A) DAZL B) Retinoic acid C) Nanos D) FSH
A) Dictyate stage B) Spermatogenesis C) Atresia D) Folliculogenesis
A) Primitive kidney B) Seminiferous tubules C) Anterior pituitary D) Germinal vesicle |