Bone tumor - Quiz

1. What is a bone tumor?

A) A skin condition.
B) An abnormal growth of tissue in bone.
C) A type of blood cell.
D) A muscle abnormality.

2. Where can cancerous bone tumors originate from?

A) Only from the bone itself.
B) From cancers in another part of the body such as lung, breast, thyroid, kidney, and prostate.
C) From the liver.
D) From the brain.

3. What might a bone tumor present with?

A) A pathologic fracture.
B) A sprained ankle.
C) A dislocated shoulder.
D) A broken rib.

4. What are some symptoms of a bone tumor?

A) Fatigue, fever, weight loss, anemia, and nausea.
B) Blurred vision.
C) Hearing loss.
D) Coughing and sneezing.

5. How is a bone tumor generally diagnosed?

A) By urine color analysis.
B) By blood pressure measurement.
C) By a physical exam alone.
D) By X-ray and other radiological tests such as CT scan, MRI, PET scan, and bone scintigraphy.

6. What might blood tests for bone tumor diagnosis include?

A) Hemoglobin A1c.
B) Blood sugar levels.
C) Cholesterol levels.
D) Complete blood count, inflammatory markers, serum electrophoresis, PSA, kidney function, and liver function.

7. What is tested in urine for bone tumor diagnosis?

A) Protein levels.
B) Glucose.
C) Urea.
D) Bence Jones protein.

8. What is required for confirmation of a bone tumor diagnosis?

A) A blood transfusion.
B) A physical therapy session.
C) A dietary consultation.
D) A biopsy for histological evaluation.

9. What is the most common bone tumor?

A) Osteosarcoma.
B) Chondrosarcoma.
C) Non-ossifying fibroma.
D) Ewing sarcoma.

10. What is the average five-year survival rate in the United States after being diagnosed with bone and joint cancer?

A) 85%.
B) 68%.
C) 90%.
D) 50%.

11. Where was the earliest known bone tumor discovered?

A) In a rib bone in India.
B) In a foot bone in South Africa.
C) In a skull bone in China.
D) In a hand bone in Egypt.

12. What are primary bone tumors?

A) Tumors that originate in the lungs.
B) Tumors that originate in the liver.
C) Tumors that originate in the brain.
D) Tumors that originate in bone or from bone-derived cells and tissues.

13. What are secondary bone tumors?

A) Tumors that originate in the skin.
B) Tumors that originate in other sites and spread to the skeleton.
C) Tumors that originate in the kidneys.
D) Tumors that originate in the heart.

14. Which carcinomas most commonly metastasize to bone?

A) Skin, brain, and ovaries.
B) Prostate, breasts, lungs, thyroid, and kidneys.
C) Stomach, colon, and bladder.
D) Lungs, liver, and pancreas.

15. What is an example of a benign bone tumor?

A) Osteochondroma.
B) Osteosarcoma.
C) Chondrosarcoma.
D) Ewing sarcoma.

16. What is a malignant primary bone tumor called?

A) Benign tumor.
B) Metastatic tumor.
C) Hamartoma.
D) Bone sarcoma.

17. What is a common location for primary tumors?

A) Distal femur and proximal tibia.
B) Spine and pelvis.
C) Shoulder and elbow.
D) Chest and abdomen.

18. What is a hematologic cancer that presents as bone lesions?

A) Thrombocytopenia.
B) Multiple myeloma.
C) Leukemia.
D) Lymphoma.

19. Where do germ cell tumors often originate?

A) In the midline of the sacrum, coccyx, or both.
B) In the lungs.
C) In the liver.
D) In the kidneys.

20. What is the current trend for classifying undifferentiated tumors?

A) Using only blood tests.
B) Using specialized studies like genetic and immunohistochemical tests.
C) Using only physical exams.
D) Using only X-rays.

21. What is a rare primary bone malignancy that can spread to other bones?

A) Ewing sarcoma
B) Fibrosarcoma
C) Chondrosarcoma
D) Osteosarcoma

22. What might be a neurological sign if a bone tumor presses a nerve?

A) Improved reflexes
B) Increased muscle tone
C) Neurological signs
D) Enhanced coordination

23. What might be a reason for not performing a biopsy in cases of widely metastatic carcinomas?

A) They are always benign
B) They are rarely ever curable
C) They do not require diagnosis
D) They are easily treated with medication

24. What is the best-reported survival protocol for chemotherapy in bone tumors?

A) Oral chemotherapy
B) Topical chemotherapy
C) Intra-arterial protocol with serial arteriogram
D) Intravenous chemotherapy

25. When is surgical intervention planned in the intra-arterial chemotherapy protocol?

A) Immediately after chemotherapy starts
B) When tumor response is <50% necrosis
C) When tumor response has reached >90% necrosis
D) After 6 months of treatment

26. Which medication helps increase bone strength and is taken once a week?

A) Strontium-89 chloride
B) Radiotherapy
C) Chemotherapy drugs
D) Non-hormonal bisphosphonates

27. Which surgical reconstruction option involves using a vascularized fibula graft?

A) Radiotherapy
B) Joint preservation surgical reconstruction
C) Chemotherapy
D) Limb amputation

28. What is the standard of care for localized bone pain due to metastatic disease?

A) Surgical resection
B) External beam radiation therapy
C) Chemotherapy
D) Pain medication

29. What is the expected prognosis for individuals with noncancerous (benign) bone tumors?

A) The outcome is generally good.
B) The outcome is always fatal.
C) The outcome is poor.
D) The outcome is uncertain.

30. Can benign bone tumors become cancerous?

A) Yes, all benign tumors become cancerous.
B) Yes, some types may eventually become malignant.
C) No, they remain benign forever.
D) No, they never become cancerous.

31. What is the cure rate for malignant bone tumors that have not spread?

A) Cure is impossible.
B) All patients are cured.
C) Cure rate is independent of tumor type, location, and size.
D) Most patients achieve a cure, but it depends on various factors.

32. What percentage of all tumors are bone tumors originating from bone?

A) Around 0.2%.
B) Around 10%.
C) Around 50%.
D) Around 5%.

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