A) 1927 B) 1926 C) 1925 D) 1928
A) Friedrich Hund B) George Gamow C) Leonid Mandelstam D) Erwin Schrödinger
A) An infinite potential well B) A semiconductor diode C) A single-well potential D) A double-well potential
A) Lothar Nordheim B) Yakov Frenkel C) Ralph Fowler D) Leonid Mandelstam
A) J. Robert Oppenheimer B) Walter Schottky C) Ralph Fowler D) Brian Josephson
A) Alpha decay half-lives B) Scanning tunnelling microscopy C) Superconducting energy gaps D) Thermionic emission and reflection of electrons from metals
A) 0% B) Variable C) 50% D) 100%
A) 1931 B) 1928 C) 1926 D) 1927
A) Thermionic emission B) Alpha decay C) Superconductivity D) Field emission
A) Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever B) Friedrich Hund and Leonid Mandelstam C) Lothar Nordheim and Ralph Fowler D) George Gamow, Ronald Gurney, and Edward Condon
A) Between magnetic field and superconductivity B) Between barrier width and current voltage C) Between the half-life of the particle and the energy of emission D) Between temperature and electrical resistance
A) Tunnelierung B) Tunneleffekt C) Quantenbarriere D) Wellenmechanischer Tunneleffekt
A) George Gamow B) Yakov Frenkel C) Lothar Nordheim D) Walter Schottky
A) Penetration of, or leaking through, a barrier B) Wave-particle duality C) Reflection of electrons from metals D) Atomic imaging
A) Gerd Binnig B) Brian Josephson C) Leo Esaki D) Ivar Giaever
A) A diode B) A superconductor circuit C) A thermionic emitter D) A scanning tunnelling microscope
A) Brian Josephson B) Heinrich Rohrer C) Ivar Giaever D) Leo Esaki
A) The half-life of alpha particles B) The superconducting energy gap C) Atomic resolution images D) Macroscopic quantum states
A) John Clarke B) Brian Josephson C) Ivar Giaever D) Leo Esaki
A) Esaki, Giaever, and Josephson B) Binnig, Rohrer, and Esaki C) Clarke, Martinis, and Devoret D) Gamow, Gurney, and Condon
A) Friedrich Hund and Walter Schottky B) Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever C) John Clarke and John M. Martinis D) Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer
A) Observing macroscopic quantum circuits B) Imaging surfaces at the atomic level C) Measuring semiconductor diode resistance D) Detecting alpha decay half-lives
A) 1986 B) 1981 C) 1973 D) 2025
A) John Clarke, John M. Martinis, and Michel H. Devoret B) Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, and Lothar Nordheim C) George Gamow, Ronald Gurney, and Edward Condon D) Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer, and Brian Josephson
A) 1981 and 1986 B) 1984 and 1985 C) 1927 and 1928 D) 1957 and 1960
A) Two superconductors separated by a thin non-conducting layer of material B) Two semiconductor diodes separated by a nanometre barrier C) A double-well potential and an electron emitter D) A scanning tip and an atomic surface
A) As separate Cooper pairs with independent tunnelling rates B) Individually with a 100% reflection probability C) In unison, as if a single particle filling the entire circuit D) As classical electrons with random thermal motion
A) Energy gaps B) Charged particles C) Electrical resistance D) Magnetic fields
A) Lothar Nordheim B) George Gamow C) Ronald Gurney D) Edward Condon
A) J. Robert Oppenheimer B) Friedrich Hund C) Erwin Schrödinger D) Walter Schottky
A) Thermal radiation B) Classical relativity C) Quantum indeterminacy D) Magnetic attraction
A) Maxwell's equations B) Einstein's field equation C) Newton's second law D) Schrödinger equation
A) It increases linearly B) It fluctuates randomly C) It decreases exponentially D) It remains constant
A) Low-mass particles B) High-density particles C) Charged macroscopic objects D) Neutral heavy elements
A) Neutron stars B) Photons C) Molecules of water D) Atoms
A) Copper wiring B) Resistors C) Flash memory D) Vacuum tubes
A) Atomic force microscope B) Electron transmission microscope C) Light phase-contrast microscope D) Scanning tunnelling microscope
A) Mechanical friction B) Optical diffraction C) Thermal expansion D) Tunnelling
A) Thinner than about 1 nm B) Around 1 millimeter C) Thicker than 10 nm D) Exactly 5 micrometers
A) Mid-19th century B) Late 19th century C) Early 21st century D) Early 20th century
A) The 21st century B) Mid-century C) Early 20th century D) Late 20th century
A) Acoustics B) Quantum mechanics C) Classical mechanics D) Thermodynamics
A) A ball trying to roll over a hill B) A pendulum swinging in a vacuum C) A car driving through a tunnel D) A wave crashing on a shore
A) It rolls back down B) It tunnels through the hill C) It teleports to the other side D) It stops and floats
A) Wave collapse B) Particle annihilation C) Tunnelling effect D) Quantum entanglement
A) The WKB approximation B) The potential barrier C) The Schrödinger equation D) The wave function
A) Optical prisms B) Semiclassical barriers C) Most complex problems D) Rectangular barriers
A) Critical angle calculations B) Exact analytical formulas C) Numerical solutions D) Visual animations
A) Algebraic formulations B) Total internal reflection C) Semiclassical methods D) Single photon counting
A) Important macroscopic physical phenomena B) Macroscopic gravitational waves C) Only subatomic particle decay D) Macroscopic thermodynamic equilibrium
A) Increased signal speed B) Perfect electrical insulation C) Enhanced magnetic shielding D) Current leakage
A) How long their battery life lasts B) How high their operating voltage can be C) How fast their clock speed runs D) How small they can be made
A) Increasing depletion layer thickness B) Cooling semiconductor junctions C) Programming floating gates D) Enhancing thermionic emission
A) Some electron microscopes B) Incandescent light bulbs C) Magnetic compasses D) Standard alkaline batteries
A) The multijunction solar cell B) The standard relay switch C) The incandescent light bulb D) The cathode ray tube
A) When they are cooled to absolute zero B) When the barrier thickness exceeds 3 nm C) When a magnetic field is applied D) When they are heavily doped
A) When no voltage bias is present B) When a large reverse bias is applied C) When the temperature is raised significantly D) When a small forward bias is applied
A) Long-range radio transmitters B) Low frequency audio amplifiers C) High power heating elements D) High speed devices
A) Superconducting state B) Reverse bias C) Open wire state D) Cold emission state
A) Like an exponential current leakage B) Like an open wire C) Like a thermionic emission D) Like a blocked insulator
A) Drude-Binnig model B) Bohr model C) Drude-Lorentz model D) Standard model
A) Temperature B) Time C) Distance D) Mass
A) Hydraulic micro-pistons B) Piezoelectric rods C) Magnetic levitation springs D) Thermal expansion wires
A) Radioactive decay B) Enzymatic catalysis C) Photosynthesis D) Proton decay
A) Neutron scattering B) Electron capture C) Proton decay D) Nuclear fusion
A) Hydrogen ions with hydrogen molecules B) Deuterium with helium nuclei C) Oxygen ions with free electrons D) Formaldehyde with water ice
A) Tritium B) Helium-3 C) Deuterium D) Carbon-14
A) Zero-point vibrational energies B) Coulomb barrier heights C) Wave function amplitudes D) Event horizon temperatures
A) Per-Olov Lowdin B) Albert Einstein C) Erwin Schrödinger D) R. P. Bell
A) Molecular hydrogen B) Water ice C) Deuterium hydride D) Formaldehyde
A) Enzymatic catalysis B) Proton decay C) Cellular division D) Spontaneous DNA mutation
A) Enzymatic catalysis B) Photosynthesis C) Cellular respiration D) Spontaneous DNA mutation
A) A hydrogen bond B) An ionic salt bridge C) A van der Waals interaction D) A covalent peptide bond
A) Tunnel into the deepest core of the nucleus B) Absorb a photon from interstellar clouds C) Tunnel into the shallower well D) Escape the DNA molecule completely
A) An isotopic substitution B) Electron capture C) Evanescent coupling D) A tautomeric transition
A) Erwin Schrödinger B) R. P. Bell C) Per-Olov Lowdin D) Max Planck
A) Black holes B) Subsurface oceans C) Interstellar clouds D) Stellar cores
A) Radiation B) Electrons for capture C) Deuterium molecules D) Heavy hydrogen ions
A) The Schrödinger wave function B) The reduced Planck constant C) The potential energy D) The particle mass
A) Travelling waves B) Stationary bound states C) Rising and falling exponentials D) Evanescent waves
A) An event horizon B) Medium B C) A potential barrier D) Medium A
A) A travelling wave medium B) Medium A C) A circumstellar habitable zone D) Medium B
A) Their ideas have not been incorporated into physics textbooks B) They completely replaced the Schrödinger equation C) They form the foundation of all modern quantum chemistry chapters D) They were proven entirely mathematically false
A) Complex-valued functions with zero real parts B) Real-valued functions C) Purely imaginary constants D) Dimensionless scaling parameters
A) ħ-1 B) ħ2 C) ħ0 D) ħ1
A) Infinite potential well confinement B) Quantum tunnelling C) Classical motion D) Wave packet dispersion
A) Near the classical turning points B) At the exact center of a rectangular barrier C) Far away from the potential hill D) Where the particle energy is extremely high
A) E < V(x) B) E = 0 C) E = V(x) D) E > V(x)
A) Legendre polynomials B) Gaussian functions C) Spherical harmonics D) Airy functions
A) Φ(x) B) Ψ(x) C) R(E) D) T(E)
A) A. M. Steinberg B) Herbert Winful C) Günter Nimtz D) Francis E. Low
A) Herbert Winful B) Francis E. Low C) A. M. Steinberg D) Günter Nimtz
A) Non-locally B) Instantly C) Randomly D) Locally
A) No B) Yes C) Only in integrable systems D) Only for photons
A) Harmonic oscillators B) Linear magnetic fields C) Electrostatic potential wells D) Nonlinear resonances
A) The Navier-Stokes equation B) Maxwell's wave-equation C) The heat equation D) The Schrödinger equation
A) Non-linear diffusion equation B) Dispersive quantum equation C) Stochastic differential equation D) Non-dispersive wave-equation
A) Quartz B) Vacuum C) Glass D) Water
A) Air B) Vacuum C) Glass D) Free space
A) Vacuum B) Solid C) Gas D) Liquid |