Machu Picchu - Quiz
Machu Picchu
  • 1. What is the approximate altitude range of Machu Picchu?
A) 3,000 metres to 3,500 metres above sea level
B) 1,500 metres to 2,000 metres above sea level
C) 2,500 metres to 3,000 metres above sea level
D) 2,200 metres to 2,500 metres above sea level
  • 2. What type of climate does Machu Picchu have?
A) Subtropical highland climate
B) Desert climate
C) Temperate oceanic climate
D) Tropical rainforest climate
  • 3. What is the average annual precipitation at Machu Picchu?
A) 2,010 millimetres
B) 2,500 millimetres
C) 1,500 millimetres
D) 1,000 millimetres
  • 4. What is the annual mean temperature at Machu Picchu?
A) Approximately 10 °C
B) Approximately 25 °C
C) Approximately 30 °C
D) Approximately 18 °C
  • 5. What is the typical humidity level at Machu Picchu?
A) 30–40%
B) 50–60%
C) 80–90%
D) 60–70%
  • 6. What type of vegetation is typical in the area around Machu Picchu?
A) Tundra vegetation
B) Dense vegetation
C) Desert vegetation
D) Sparse vegetation
  • 7. How many main sectors is Machu Picchu divided into?
A) Three
B) Four
C) Two
D) One
  • 8. What is the agricultural sector of Machu Picchu composed of?
A) Mountains
B) Plains
C) Terraces (andenes)
D) Forests
  • 9. What does the urban sector of Machu Picchu contain?
A) Only warehouses
B) Residences, places of worship, and warehouses
C) Only residences
D) Only places of worship
  • 10. What are the two parts of the urban sector?
A) East town and west town
B) Central town and outer town
C) North town and south town
D) Upper town (Hanan) and lower town (Hurin)
  • 11. What is the Sacred Plaza known for?
A) Being the residential area
B) Hosting the main market
C) Incorporating the Main Temple and the Temple of the Three Windows
D) Being the largest plaza in Machu Picchu
  • 12. What is the Intihuatana?
A) A stone bridge
B) A ceremonial fountain
C) A large stone door
D) A pyramid-like stone platform
  • 13. What is the style of the three-sided buildings in Machu Picchu?
A) Rectangular style
B) Wayrona style
C) Trapezoidal style
D) Circular style
  • 14. What was the purpose of the Torreón?
A) It was used as a marketplace
B) It was used as a library
C) It was used as a prison
D) It may have been used as an observatory
  • 15. What is the Popular District also known as?
A) Commercial District
B) Ceremonial District
C) Religious District
D) Residential District
  • 16. What is the Guardian's house known for?
A) It is a single-story building
B) It is a three-sided building
C) It is a circular building
D) It is a multi-story building
  • 17. What was the purpose of the detailed laser scans made by the University of Arkansas?
A) For entertainment purposes
B) For commercial purposes
C) For educational purposes
D) For research purposes
  • 18. What is the Temple of the Condor known for?
A) It includes ritual caves and a large carved stone often interpreted as a condor
B) It is used as a storage building
C) It is the only temple with a roof
D) It is the largest temple in Machu Picchu
  • 19. How are the buildings at Machu Picchu adapted to the terrain?
A) They are arranged on wide parallel terraces
B) They are built on flat plains
C) They are built underground
D) They are constructed on steep cliffs
  • 20. What is the purpose of the kanchas at Machu Picchu?
A) They are circular compounds for defense
B) They are long and narrow compounds to exploit the terrain
C) They are triangular compounds for ceremonies
D) They are square compounds for storage
  • 21. What is the function of the sophisticated channeling systems at Machu Picchu?
A) Provided water for cooking
B) Provided irrigation for the fields
C) Provided water for drinking
D) Provided water for bathing
  • 22. What is the purpose of the stone stairways at Machu Picchu?
A) Allowed access to the different levels across the site
B) Were used for defense
C) Served as decorative elements
D) Were used for ceremonial purposes
  • 23. What is the primary function of the western section of the city?
A) Agricultural purposes
B) Commercial purposes
C) Residential purposes
D) Religious and ceremonial purposes
  • 24. What are the primary archaeological treasures at Machu Picchu?
A) The Torreón and the Temple of the Condor
B) The Intihuatana, the Temple of the Sun, and the Temple of the Three Windows
C) The Guardian's house and the Popular District
D) The Main Square and the Sacred Plaza
  • 25. In which century was Machu Picchu built?
A) 16th century
B) 17th century
C) 15th century
D) 14th century
  • 26. Which river is Machu Picchu located along?
A) Urubamba River
B) Apurímac River
C) Amazon River
D) Madre de Dios River
  • 27. Who is believed to have used Machu Picchu as an estate?
A) Inca emperor Manco Inca
B) Inca emperor Pachacuti
C) Inca emperor Huayna Capac
D) Inca emperor Atahualpa
  • 28. Who brought Machu Picchu to international attention in 1911?
A) French archaeologist Jacques de Mahieu
B) Peruvian explorer Agustín Lizárraga
C) American historian Hiram Bingham III
D) British explorer Sir Richard Francis Burton
  • 29. When was Machu Picchu designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
A) 1983
B) 1978
C) 2007
D) 1990
  • 30. What is the meaning of 'Machu' in Quechua?
A) 'Young'
B) 'Mountain'
C) 'Sun'
D) 'Old' or 'old person'
  • 31. What does 'Picchu' refer to in Quechua?
A) 'Valley'
B) 'Summit', 'peak', or 'pyramid'
C) 'Temple'
D) 'River'
  • 32. What is the likely original name of Machu Picchu?
A) 'Machu Pichu'
B) 'Cusco'
C) 'Huayna Picchu'
D) 'Inti Watana'
  • 33. What is the name of the mountain that shares its name with the likely original name of Machu Picchu?
A) Wayna Picchu
B) Machu Picchu
C) Inti Watana
D) Huayna Picchu
  • 34. When was Machu Picchu named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World?
A) 2010
B) 2015
C) 2007
D) 2005
  • 35. How many visitors does Machu Picchu receive annually as of 2025?
A) Over 1 million
B) Over 2 million
C) Over 500,000
D) Over 1.5 million
  • 36. What is the name of the province where Machu Picchu is situated?
A) Puno Province
B) Arequipa Province
C) Urubamba Province
D) Cusco Province
  • 37. What is the name of the valley near Machu Picchu?
A) Mystic Valley
B) Hidden Valley
C) Lost Valley
D) Sacred Valley
  • 38. What was Machu Picchu primarily used as during its occupation?
A) A permanent capital city
B) A seasonal royal retreat
C) A military fortress
D) A trading hub
  • 39. What disease is suggested to have affected the inhabitants of Machu Picchu before the Spanish arrival?
A) Malaria
B) Cholera
C) Smallpox
D) Tuberculosis
  • 40. What type of site is Machu Picchu considered to be?
A) A royal estate
B) A commoner village
C) A religious temple
D) A trade center
  • 41. What type of measurements were used in the 2021 study to date Machu Picchu's occupation?
A) Thermoluminescence dating
B) Dendrochronology
C) Potassium-argon dating
D) AMS radiocarbon measurements
  • 42. Who led the 2021 study that provided new insights into Machu Picchu's chronology?
A) Hiram Bingham
B) Richard L. Burger
C) John H. Rowe
D) Gordon Willey
  • 43. What was the primary reason for the reduced staffing during winter?
A) Trade expeditions
B) Religious festivals
C) The harsher season
D) Increased agricultural activities
  • 44. What does the lower level of arthritis and bone fractures in skeletal remains suggest?
A) More frequent military service
B) Less heavy physical labor
C) Higher levels of physical activity
D) More heavy physical labor
  • 45. What role did guinea pigs play at Machu Picchu?
A) Agricultural work
B) Companionship
C) Transportation
D) Funerary rituals
  • 46. What was the estimated maximum population that the agricultural output of Machu Picchu could support?
A) 1500 people.
B) 500 people.
C) 3000 people.
D) 750 people.
  • 47. Why was routine irrigation generally unnecessary for the terraces at Machu Picchu?
A) Because the area received ample rainfall.
B) Because the terraces were built on a plateau.
C) Because the terraces were close to a river.
D) Because of advanced irrigation technology.
  • 48. What was the main ceremonial crop grown at Machu Picchu?
A) Barley.
B) Maize.
C) Potatoes.
D) Quinoa.
  • 49. What type of animal remains were commonly found at Machu Picchu, indicating ritual sacrifice?
A) Llamas.
B) Guinea pigs.
C) Camelids.
D) Alpacas.
  • 50. Which Spanish conquistador documented a visit to a mountain fortress with majestic buildings?
A) Francisco Pizarro
B) Baltasar de Ocampo
C) Hernando de Soto
D) Diego de Almagro
  • 51. What material were the lintels of the doors at the mountain fortress made of?
A) Limestone
B) Granite
C) Sandstone
D) Marble
  • 52. Who is suggested to have rediscovered and exploited Machu Picchu in the late 19th century?
A) T. H. Holmes
B) Hiram Bingham
C) Augusto Berns
D) J. M. von Hassel
  • 53. Which engineer is suggested to have arrived at Machu Picchu earlier than Augusto Berns, though without solid evidence?
A) Hiram Bingham
B) T. H. Holmes
C) Augusto Berns
D) J. M. von Hassel
  • 54. In what year is Machu Picchu first referenced on maps?
A) 1850
B) 1920
C) 1874
D) 1904
  • 55. Who led the expedition that first reached the stone structures of Machu Picchu in 1902?
A) Carlos Romero
B) Hiram Bingham
C) Melchor Arteaga
D) Agustín Lizárraga
  • 56. In what year did Hiram Bingham visit Machu Picchu?
A) 1922
B) 1911
C) 1912
D) 1902
  • 57. Which villager led Hiram Bingham to Machu Picchu?
A) Pablito
B) Sergeant Carrasco
C) Richarte
D) Melchor Arteaga
  • 58. Who was the chief historian in Lima that Bingham consulted?
A) Melchor Arteaga
B) Carlos Romero
C) Agustín Lizárraga
D) Father Antonio de la Calancha
  • 59. What did Bingham find at the top of Huayna Picchu?
A) A modern village
B) Excellent ruins
C) A treasure trove of gold
D) A lost manuscript
  • 60. What did Bingham name the ruins at Espíritu Pampa?
A) Rosaspata
B) Machu Picchu
C) Trombone Pampa
D) Vilcabamba Viejo
  • 61. Who further explored the ruins at Espíritu Pampa in 1964?
A) Gene Savoy
B) Agustín Lizárraga
C) Melchor Arteaga
D) Hiram Bingham
  • 62. What did Gene Savoy identify Espíritu Pampa as?
A) Choqquequirau
B) Machu Picchu
C) Rosaspata
D) Vilcabamba Viejo
  • 63. What did Bingham compare his discovery of Machu Picchu to?
A) The discovery of the New World by the Norsemen
B) The French fishermen visiting North America
C) The exploration of the Amazon River
D) Columbus discovering America
  • 64. What was the name of the old Inca capital that Bingham rediscovered?
A) Huayna Picchu
B) Choqquequirau
C) Machu Picchu
D) Vitcos
  • 65. Who accused Yale of profiting from Peru's cultural heritage?
A) Eliane Karp
B) The National Geographic Society
C) The Prefect of Cusco
D) Hiram Bingham
  • 66. When was the third and final batch of artifacts delivered to Peru?
A) November 2006
B) November 2007
C) November 2012
D) November 2010
  • 67. Who led the international team that investigated the Principal Plaza of Machu Picchu between 2017 and 2019?
A) Hiram Bingham
B) Nicola Masini
C) John Hemming
D) Luis Valcarcel
  • 68. What was the initial form of the Principal Plaza before it was expanded?
A) A large open field
B) A stone-paved market area
C) A smaller sunken plaza (plaza hundida)
D) A residential complex
  • 69. In which year was the area surrounding Machu Picchu declared a 'Historic Sanctuary' by Peru?
A) 1987
B) 1985
C) 1981
D) 1983
  • 70. How many square kilometers is the area declared as a 'Historic Sanctuary' around Machu Picchu?
A) 250.00
B) 500.00
C) 325.92
D) 400.00
  • 71. Which animal is not listed as a resident species in the Machu Picchu sanctuary?
A) Spectacled bear
B) Andean fox
C) Puma
D) Polar bear
  • 72. What type of tree is not mentioned as being found in the Machu Picchu area?
A) Palms
B) Oak
C) Gymnosperms
D) Ferns
  • 73. What is the official name of the town located below the ruins of Machu Picchu?
A) Ollantaytambo
B) Aguas Calientes
C) Cusco
D) Urubamba
  • 74. Which of the following is not a twin town of Machu Picchu?
A) Paris, France
B) Fukushima, Japan
C) Haworth, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
D) Petra, Jordan
  • 75. In which year did tourist numbers at Machu Picchu exceed 1.5 million?
A) 2025
B) 2020
C) 2023
D) 2021
  • 76. Which event led to the temporary closure of Machu Picchu in 2010?
A) Landslide
B) Earthquake
C) Volcanic eruption
D) Severe flooding caused by El Niño
  • 77. In which year was Machu Picchu closed to visitors due to the COVID-19 pandemic?
A) 2021
B) 2020
C) 2022
D) 2019
  • 78. What was the reason for the indefinite closure of Machu Picchu on 22 January 2023?
A) Government policy change
B) Natural disaster
C) Infrastructure failure
D) 2022–2023 Peruvian protests
  • 79. How does the climate of Machu Picchu compare to that of Cusco?
A) Colder
B) Milder
C) Same as Cusco
D) Warmer
  • 80. What type of rock primarily composes the bedrock at Machu Picchu?
A) Marble
B) Granite
C) Limestone
D) Sandstone
  • 81. What unique architectural feature does Inti Mach'ay have?
A) A spiral staircase
B) A water fountain
C) A tunnel-like window
D) A large dome
  • 82. What unique feature do the joints of the Temple of the Three Windows display?
A) Straight lines
B) Zigzag patterns
C) Helical planes
D) Circular patterns
  • 83. What material were the ropes made from to move stones?
A) Flax fibers
B) Hemp fibers
C) Cotton fibers
D) Maguey fibers
  • 84. What was the likely method for moving stones from higher to lower elevations?
A) Using ramps with gentle inclines
B) Using pulleys
C) Using cranes
D) Using elevators
  • 85. What is the name of the pass at the highest altitude on the Inca Trail?
A) Warmi Wañusqa
B) Inti Punku
C) Salkantay Pass
D) Huayna Picchu
  • 86. What is required to hike the Inca Trail?
A) A guide from the local community
B) A special permit from the Peruvian government
C) A letter of recommendation from a travel agency
D) Booking through a tourism agency
  • 87. Why is the road travel route less recommended during the rainy season?
A) Closed roads
B) Lack of transportation services
C) Potential landslide risks
D) Heavy traffic
  • 88. How long is the new paved roadway to Machu Picchu?
A) 30 kilometers (18 miles)
B) 28.41 kilometers (22 miles)
C) 35 kilometers (22 miles)
D) 25 kilometers (15 miles)
  • 89. Which biopic features Machu Picchu prominently and is based on Che Guevara's travel memoir?
A) Che (2008)
B) The Argentine (2005)
C) The Motorcycle Diaries (2004)
D) Guevara (2007)
  • 90. Which Simpsons episode features Machu Picchu?
A) The President Wore Pearls (2003)
B) Lost Verizon (2008)
C) The Mook, the Chef, the Wife and Her Homer (2014)
D) Marge in Chains (2004)
  • 91. Which multimedia artist's series includes footage of Machu Picchu?
A) Banksy's Dismaland
B) Ai Weiwei's Circle of Animals/Zodiac Heads
C) Olafur Eliasson's The Weather Project
D) Kimsooja's Thread Routes series (2010)
  • 92. Which Indian Tamil-language film's song was filmed at Machu Picchu?
A) Enthiran (2010)
B) Baahubali (2015)
C) Kadhalan (1994)
D) 2.0 (2018)
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