 - 1. Which Thai governmental agency is responsible for groundwater?
A) The Ministry of Interior
B) The Department of Water Resources
C) The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
D) The Department of Groundwater Resources
- 2. What is the main source of groundwater recharge in Thailand?
A) Rainfall and seepage streams
B) River inflow
C) Desalination plants
D) Imported water
- 3. Which region in Thailand has the largest source of groundwater?
A) The southern region
B) The northeastern region
C) The northern region
D) The lower central region, particularly the Bangkok Metropolitan Region
- 4. What is the annual growth rate of water demand in Thailand?
A) 15%
B) 5%
C) 20%
D) 10%
- 5. What environmental issue has been exacerbated by the depletion of the water table around Bangkok?
A) Deforestation
B) Land subsidence which has exacerbated flooding
C) Wildlife extinction
D) Air pollution
- 6. What are some sources of groundwater pollution in Thailand?
A) Natural gas extraction
B) Solar radiation and wind erosion
C) Rainwater harvesting and recycling
D) Agricultural run-off, coastal aquaculture, industrial effluents, and domestic sewage
- 7. What is a consequence of the lack of an appropriate pricing policy for groundwater in Thailand?
A) Increased groundwater purity
B) Over-exploitation of groundwater beyond sustainable yield
C) Decreased water demand
D) Stable water table levels
- 8. In which province did villagers complain about toxic wastewater from an industrial waste treatment plant?
A) Nakhon Ratchasima Province
B) Ratchaburi Province
C) Phuket Province
D) Chiang Mai Province
- 9. What is the name of the industrial waste treatment plant involved in the pollution case in Ratchaburi Province?
A) Bangkok Waste Management Plant
B) Wax Garbage Recycle Centre
C) Chiang Mai Recycling Facility
D) Phuket Industrial Waste Plant
- 10. Which heavy metals were found in excess in the contaminated water in Ratchaburi Province?
A) Iron, copper, and zinc
B) Sodium, chlorine, and sulfur
C) Lead, nickel, and barium
D) Magnesium, calcium, and potassium
- 11. Which volatile organic compounds were detected in high levels in the polluted water?
A) Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide
B) Methane, ethane, and propane
C) Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and methane
D) Toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene, and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene
- 12. How many letters ordering the plant to improve its operation were sent by the Department of Industrial Works and Ratchaburi's Industry Office since 2002?
A) 19
B) 30
C) 25
D) 10
- 13. What is a failing of Thai environmental governance highlighted in the text?
A) High levels of public environmental awareness
B) Excessive environmental regulations
C) Lack of balance in regulatory power among authorities
D) Over-reliance on renewable energy
- 14. Which department has no power to revoke the plant's operating licences?
A) The Department of Industrial Works
B) The Department of Groundwater Resources
C) The Pollution Control Department
D) The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
- 15. Which department actually holds the power to revoke the plant's operating licences?
A) The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
B) The Pollution Control Department
C) The Department of Industrial Works
D) The Department of Groundwater Resources
- 16. What has been the response of state agencies towards industrial economics compared to the environment?
A) They disregard both industrial economics and environmental protection
B) They place greater importance on industrial economics than the environment
C) They balance industrial economics and environmental protection equally
D) They prioritize environmental protection over industrial economics
- 17. In 2003, what percentage of coastal water monitoring stations in Thailand were in 'very good' and 'good' quality?
A) 68 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 3 percent
- 18. What was the DO level found in the Klong 12 Thanwa area?
A) 5.0 mg/L
B) 1.8 mg/L
C) 0.3 mg/L
D) 3.5 mg/L
- 19. What was the mercury level status in the Chao Phraya estuary?
A) Far exceeded normal standards
B) Slightly above normal standards
C) Within normal standards
D) Below normal standards
- 20. How many Bruda whales were reported dead in the Gulf of Thailand in early 2017?
A) Two
B) Four
C) Three
D) One
- 21. What is the estimated number of whale sharks remaining in the Gulf of Thailand as of 2017?
A) About 150
B) About 200
C) About 100
D) About 50
- 22. What percentage of coral reefs in Thai seas was 'in a sorry state' as of 2017?
A) 50 percent
B) 90 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 77 percent
- 23. What percentage of polluted water is returned to coastal waters untreated in Thailand?
A) 30 percent
B) 70 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 90 percent
- 24. What was the percentage of degraded coral reefs in Thailand in 2008?
A) 70 percent
B) 90 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 50 percent
- 25. What was a major source of pollution affecting Thailand's marine biodiversity?
A) Invasive species
B) Heavy metals
C) Oil spills
D) Red tides
- 26. What was the condition of overall coastal water quality in the Andaman Sea as of the text?
A) Fair
B) Very good
C) Good
D) Poor
- 27. What was the condition of water quality in most areas of the eastern seaboard?
A) Good
B) Fair
C) Poor
D) Very good
- 28. What action did the European Commission threaten Thailand with in April 2015 regarding illegal fishing?
A) A warning
B) A trade ban
C) A fishing quota
D) A fine
- 29. Which organization is the world's largest importer of fish products?
A) The European Union (EU)
B) Japan
C) China
D) The United States
- 30. What was the value of fish products imported by the EU from Thailand in 2014?
A) €500 million
B) €642 million
C) €800 million
D) €700 million
- 31. What percentage of marine animal deaths in 2017 in Thailand were sea turtles?
A) 57%
B) 38%
C) 100%
D) 5%
- 32. What was the primary ingredient in shark fin soup, signifying wealth and privilege in a Chinese dish?
A) Crab meat
B) Shark fins
C) Fish meat
D) Prawn meat
- 33. What was the average daily amount of solid waste produced per Thai person according to the Pollution Control Department (PCD)?
A) 3 kg
B) 2.5 kg
C) 1.15 kg
D) 0.5 kg
- 34. What was the Thai government's goal for reducing plastic ocean waste by 2027?
A) To reduce it by 25%
B) To eliminate it completely
C) To halve the amount
D) To maintain current levels
- 35. Which marine animal died after ingesting 80 plastic bags in southern Thailand in 2018?
A) A dolphin
B) A juvenile pilot whale
C) A dugong
D) A sea turtle
- 36. What was the percentage of organic waste in Thailand's total waste output in 2017?
A) 30%
B) 50%
C) 64%
D) 80%
- 37. How many single-use plastic bags does the average Thai use per day?
A) Ten
B) Eight
C) Five
D) Twelve
- 38. What was the proposed national day to honor dugongs in Thailand?
A) 17 August as National Dugong Day
B) 1 January as National Dugong Day
C) 5 June as National Dugong Day
D) 25 December as National Dugong Day
- 39. What percentage of Thailand's plastic waste was recycled in 2018?
A) 50%
B) 25%
C) 75%
D) 10%
- 40. What was the primary reason for the decline in the shark population in Thai waters?
A) Climate change
B) Overfishing by local fishermen
C) Bycatch when other species were targeted
D) Pollution in the waters
- 41. What was the amount of plastic garbage Thailand imported from abroad in 2018?
A) 600,000 tonnes
B) 480,000 tonnes
C) 200,000 tonnes
D) 300,000 tonnes
- 42. What was the estimated number of dugongs living in Thai waters?
A) Around 1,000
B) Around 100
C) Around 500
D) Around 250
- 43. What was the amount of waste Bangkok produced each day in 2016?
A) 10,000 tonnes
B) 11,500 tonnes
C) 12,000 tonnes
D) 9,500 tonnes
- 44. What percentage of Bangkok's waste was plastic in 2016?
A) At least three tonnes
B) At least four tonnes
C) At least one tonne
D) At least two tonnes
- 45. What was the annual growth rate of plastic waste in Thailand as of 2015?
A) 12%
B) 10%
C) 8%
D) 15%
- 46. How many single-use plastic bags did Thais throw away per year?
A) 30 billion
B) 50 billion
C) 60 billion
D) 45 billion
- 47. What was the amount of plastic water bottles consumed in Thailand per year?
A) 4.4 billion
B) 6.0 billion
C) 3.5 billion
D) 5.5 billion
- 48. What was the weight of the plastic bags found in the stomach of a juvenile pilot whale in 2018?
A) Ten kilograms
B) Twelve kilograms
C) Five kilograms
D) Eight kilograms
- 49. What was the amount of plastic garbage Thailand was set to import before September 2020?
A) 100,000 tonnes
B) 220,000 tonnes
C) 300,000 tonnes
D) 150,000 tonnes
- 50. What was the amount of plastic waste Thailand imported between 2014 and 2018?
A) 800,000 tonnes
B) 700,000 tonnes
C) 906,521 tonnes
D) 1,000,000 tonnes
- 51. What was the percentage of motorcycles in Bangkok with two-stroke engines in 1999?
A) 50%
B) 90%
C) 80%
D) 70%
- 52. What is the main cause of intense air pollution in the Thai highlands?
A) sea salt particles
B) vehicle emissions
C) industrial emissions from factories
D) wildfires started by local farmers during the dry season
- 53. In which month and year did PM10 levels peak at 383 μg/m3 in Chiang Mai?
A) February 2007
B) January 2007
C) April 2007
D) March 2007
- 54. What was the highest recorded level of PM2.5 in Mae Sai District during the burning season of 2016?
A) 500 μg/m3
B) 300 μg/m3
C) 410 μg/m3
D) 250 μg/m3
- 55. Which city had the highest annual average concentration of PM2.5 from January to July 2016?
A) Bangkok
B) Chiang Mai
C) Khon Kaen
D) Ratchaburi
- 56. What was the PM2.5 level in some areas of Bangkok during the haze in February 2018?
A) 25 micrograms per cubic metre
B) 50 micrograms per cubic metre
C) 94 micrograms per cubic metre
D) 75 micrograms per cubic metre
- 57. What percentage of local residents questioned in a 2020 survey agreed that the Thai government was ineffective at solving Bangkok's air pollution?
A) 25%
B) 81%
C) 50%
D) 10%
- 58. What method did Bangkok authorities employ in January 2019 to ease air pollution?
A) cloud seeding
B) tree planting
C) use of air purifiers
D) water sprinkling
- 59. What is the safe threshold for PM10 levels according to Thailand's standards?
A) 150 μg/m3
B) 120 μg/m3
C) 100 μg/m3
D) 200 μg/m3
- 60. What type of engines did 80% of motorcycles in Bangkok have in 1999?
A) four-stroke engines
B) hybrid engines
C) two-stroke engines
D) electric engines
- 61. What rank did Thailand achieve globally in the 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index?
A) 172nd
B) 88th
C) 50th
D) 1st
- 62. What approach has the Thailand central government taken for mangrove restoration?
A) Stricter, community-based laws promoting conservation
B) Laws focusing solely on economic development
C) Laws allowing unrestricted mangrove removal
D) No laws or regulations
- 63. What is a proposed solution to balance environmental and economic concerns?
A) Complete deforestation
B) Payment for ecosystem services (PES)
C) Ignoring environmental concerns
D) Banning all economic activities
- 64. According to the Sueb Nakhasathien Foundation, what was the forest cover percentage in Thailand in 1961?
A) 53%
B) 31.6%
C) 40%
D) 43%
- 65. How much forest cover did Thailand lose between 1973 and 2009 according to the World Wildlife Fund?
A) 31.6%
B) 9.1%
C) 0.72%
D) 43%
- 66. What percentage of Thailand's total land was covered by forests in 2018?
A) 15%
B) 40%
C) 25%
D) 31.58%
- 67. What event in 1988 was caused by heavy rains washing away soil from newly deforested slopes?
A) Earthquake
B) Wildfire
C) Massive floods
D) Tsunami
- 68. When did the Thai government ban logging?
A) 14 January 1988
B) 1 January 1989
C) 1 January 1988
D) 14 January 1989
- 69. What did Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha attribute the severe drought in northeastern Thailand in June 2015 to?
A) Overfishing
B) Massive deforestation
C) Air pollution
D) Urbanization
- 70. What is one of the valuable hardwood tree species being extracted illegally in Thailand?
A) Bamboo
B) Siamese Rosewood
C) Pine
D) Teak
- 71. To which market is the Siamese Rosewood mostly sold?
A) The European furniture market
B) The Indian furniture market
C) The American furniture market
D) The Chinese furniture market
- 72. Which crop is primarily responsible for the haze problem in Thailand?
A) Sugarcane.
B) Coffee.
C) Maize.
D) Rice.
- 73. What has the Thai government encouraged farmers to cultivate instead of rice?
A) Maize.
B) Coffee.
C) Sugarcane.
D) Rice.
- 74. What percentage of sugarcane entering processing mills in 2019 had been burned prior to harvesting?
A) 66%.
B) 80%.
C) 75%.
D) 50%.
- 75. What was Thailand's rank in terms of fish species at risk in 2014?
A) 20th.
B) 1st.
C) 12th.
D) 5th.
- 76. Which international convention does Thailand adhere to that prohibits the transnational movement of hazardous waste?
A) The Paris Agreement
B) The Basel Convention
C) The Montreal Protocol
D) The Kyoto Protocol
- 77. How many electronic waste recycling plants were there in Thailand as of 2018?
A) 539 recycling plants
B) 600 recycling plants
C) 1,000 recycling plants
D) 1,222 recycling plants
- 78. In which year did Thailand ban all imports of foreign e-waste?
A) 2018
B) 2017
C) 2016
D) 2019
- 79. How many new recycling factories dealing with e-waste opened in Chachoengsao Province after the e-waste ban?
A) 50 new recycling factories
B) 15 new recycling factories
C) 40 new recycling factories
D) 28 new recycling factories
- 80. What percentage of Thailand's water demand is accounted for by the agricultural sector?
A) 60%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 80%
- 81. What percentage of Thailand's water is considered unsuitable for human consumption?
A) Nearly one-fourth
B) Nearly one-third
C) Nearly two-thirds
D) Nearly half
- 82. What percentage of wastewater was treated in the residential sector in Thailand?
A) Only 60% effective
B) Only 18% effective
C) Only 75% effective
D) Only 50% effective
- 83. What percentage of Thailand's wastewater was treated according to the Pollution Control Department?
A) Only 52%
B) Only 75%
C) Only 80%
D) Only 60%
- 84. Was any surface water in Thailand categorized as 'very good' quality?
A) Only in the northern region
B) Only in the northeastern region
C) No
D) Yes
- 85. Which of the following diseases is NOT mentioned as a result of water pollution in Thailand?
A) Diarrhea
B) Malaria
C) Typhoid
D) Dysentery
- 86. Which creek in Kanchanaburi Province was found to have dangerous levels of lead?
A) Bang Pakong River
B) Klity Creek
C) Mae Klong River
D) Chao Phraya River
- 87. In which year was the lead separation plant upstream from Klity Creek closed?
A) 1992
B) 2000
C) 2017
D) 1998
- 88. What percentage of the population was supported by treated water in Thailand in 2000?
A) 29%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 65%
- 89. Which of the following is NOT a common water treatment method mentioned?
A) Oxidation ditches
B) Reverse osmosis
C) Aerated lagoons
D) Stabilization ponds
- 90. What is one modern technique the Thai government is investigating for water treatment?
A) UV radiation
B) Constructed wetlands
C) Ozone treatment
D) Chlorination
- 91. What health issue is caused by exposure to toxins and heavy metals in water?
A) Measles
B) Liver cancer
C) Tuberculosis
D) Influenza
- 92. In which year were the environmental laws primarily limiting industrial water contamination passed?
A) 1985
B) 1992
C) 2000
D) 2017
- 93. What was the projected population support percentage upon completion of new treatment plants?
A) 65%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 80%
- 94. What is one of the health effects of water pollution mentioned in the text?
A) Hookworm
B) Diarrhea
C) Typhoid
D) Malaria
- 95. What is one of the health effects of lead exposure mentioned?
A) Measles
B) Chickenpox
C) Birth defects
D) Influenza
- 96. Which health issue is NOT linked to water pollution in the text?
A) Diarrhea
B) Hepatitis
C) Trachoma
D) Typhoid
- 97. What is Thailand's national symbol?
A) The elephant
B) The tiger
C) The bear
D) The dolphin
- 98. Which market in Bangkok is known for the sale of endangered species?
A) Chatuchak
B) Siam Paragon
C) Terminal 21
D) MBK Center
- 99. How does Thailand rank globally in terms of mammal species under threat?
A) Two hundred and fourteen
B) Ninth
C) First
D) Fifty-fifth
- 100. Which organization documented the abuse of a Malayan sun bear named Kwan?
A) Save the Elephants
B) Wildlife Friends Foundation Thailand (WFFT)
C) Greenpeace
D) World Wildlife Fund
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