 - 1. How many groups are cinnamon quills divided into in the Sri Lankan grading system?
A) Five
B) Three
C) Four
D) Two
- 2. What is the maximum diameter of Alba cinnamon quills?
A) Less than 6 mm
B) Less than 19 mm
C) Less than 32 mm
D) Less than 16 mm
- 3. What is the maximum diameter of Continental cinnamon quills?
A) Less than 16 mm
B) Less than 6 mm
C) Less than 19 mm
D) Less than 32 mm
- 4. What is the maximum diameter of Mexican cinnamon quills?
A) Less than 6 mm
B) Less than 19 mm
C) Less than 16 mm
D) Less than 32 mm
- 5. What is the maximum diameter of Hamburg cinnamon quills?
A) Less than 16 mm
B) Less than 19 mm
C) Less than 6 mm
D) Less than 32 mm
- 6. What are pieces of bark less than 106 mm long categorised as?
A) Alba
B) Chips
C) Featherings
D) Quillings
- 7. What are featherings defined as?
A) Pieces of bark less than 106 mm long
B) Bark of small twigs
C) The inner bark of twigs and twisted shoots
D) Trimmings of quills
- 8. What are chips of cinnamon?
A) Quills less than 6 mm in diameter
B) Trimmings of quills, inseparable outer and inner bark, or bark of small twigs
C) Bark pieces exactly 106 mm long
D) The inner bark of twigs and twisted shoots
- 9. What was the total world cinnamon production in tonnes in 2023?
A) 123,403
B) 348,203
C) 98,000
D) 238,403
- 10. Which of the following countries was among the top four cinnamon producers in 2023?
A) India
B) Thailand
C) China
D) Brazil
- 11. Which country, alongside China, Vietnam, and Indonesia, was a top cinnamon producer in 2023?
A) Japan
B) Mexico
C) Sri Lanka
D) Malaysia
- 12. True cinnamon from C. verum bark can be mixed with what counterfeit substance?
A) Cardamom
B) Coumarin
C) Cassia
D) Star anise
- 13. What phenolic is typically low in content in true cinnamon but high in counterfeit samples?
A) Coumarin
B) Cassia
C) Cinnamaldehyde
D) Eugenol
- 14. What was the coumarin content range found in authentic Ceylon cinnamon bark in one analysis?
A) 500–1000 mg/kg
B) 12–143 mg/kg
C) 1–10 mg/kg
D) 3462 mg/kg
- 15. What was the highest level of coumarin found in market samples of counterfeit cinnamon?
A) 3462 mg/kg
B) 143 mg/kg
C) 12 mg/kg
D) 50 mg/kg
- 16. Which organization found that a supplement containing the highest amount of coumarin was labeled as Ceylon cinnamon in 2020?
A) ConsumerLab.com
B) WHO
C) USDA
D) FDA
- 17. In the preparation of which food is cinnamon especially employed in Mexico?
A) Bread
B) Cereal
C) Chocolate
D) Soup
- 18. Cinnamon is often used in savoury dishes featuring which meats?
A) Pork and turkey
B) Beef and pork
C) Chicken and lamb
D) Fish and beef
- 19. In the United States and Europe, cinnamon and sugar are often used to flavour fruits, especially which fruit?
A) Pears
B) Bananas
C) Apples
D) Oranges
- 20. Which cuisines use cinnamon for both sweet and savoury dishes?
A) Mexican and American
B) Portuguese and Turkish
C) Chinese and Japanese
D) French and Italian
- 21. In which culinary process involving preservation is cinnamon used?
A) Curing
B) Pickling
C) Fermenting
D) Smoking
- 22. Which Christmas drinks often contain cinnamon?
A) Punch and beer
B) Hot chocolate and cider
C) Tea and coffee
D) Eggnog and mulled wine
- 23. In Persian cuisine, cinnamon powder enhances the flavour of thick soups, sweets, and what else?
A) Salads
B) Drinks
C) Seafood
D) Bread
- 24. In Sephardic cooking, cinnamon is incorporated into vegetable stews and desserts soaked in what?
A) Caramel
B) Honey
C) Milk
D) Syrup
- 25. Which Sephardic desserts are mentioned as incorporating cinnamon and being soaked in honey?
A) Honey cakes and kugels
B) Baklava and halva
C) Tishpishti and travados
D) Churros and flan
- 26. In Ashkenazi cuisine, cinnamon features in dishes like kugels and what else?
A) Chocolate
B) Honey cakes
C) Travados
D) Tishpishti
- 27. Aside from cinnamon, which spice is one of the 'four sibling spices' in Malay cuisine?
A) Nutmeg
B) Clove
C) Vanilla
D) Ginger
- 28. Which spice, along with cinnamon, clove, and cardamom, is part of Malay cuisine's 'four sibling spices'?
A) Star anise
B) Coriander
C) Cumin
D) Black pepper
- 29. Which species is also known as Indonesian cinnamon?
A) Cinnamomum loureiroi
B) Cinnamomum burmanni
C) Cinnamomum citriodorum
D) Cinnamomum verum
- 30. What is another name for Cinnamomum loureiroi?
A) Korintje
B) Malabar cinnamon
C) Saigon cinnamon
D) Ceylon cinnamon
- 31. Which species is known as Sri Lanka cinnamon?
A) Cinnamomum loureiroi
B) Cinnamomum burmanni
C) Cinnamomum cassia
D) Cinnamomum verum
- 32. What is the scientific name for Malabar cinnamon?
A) Cinnamomum burmanni
B) Cinnamomum citriodorum
C) Cinnamomum zeylanicum
D) Cinnamomum cassia
- 33. What colour is Chinese cinnamon generally?
A) Pure white
B) Bright yellow
C) Dark blackish-brown
D) Medium to light reddish-brown
- 34. What colour is Ceylon cinnamon?
A) Greenish-brown
B) Lighter brown
C) Dark reddish-brown
D) Orange-red
- 35. Which type of cinnamon loses much of its flavour during cooking?
A) Saigon cinnamon
B) Indonesian cinnamon
C) Ceylon cinnamon
D) Chinese cinnamon
- 36. Which cinnamon sticks have many thin layers?
A) Chinese cinnamon sticks
B) Ceylon cinnamon sticks
C) Indonesian cinnamon sticks
D) Saigon cinnamon sticks
- 37. Which cinnamon can damage a spice or coffee grinder?
A) Indonesian cinnamon
B) Cinnamomum verum
C) Ceylon cinnamon
D) Malabar cinnamon
- 38. What happens when pure Ceylon cinnamon is treated with tincture of iodine?
A) A deep-blue tint is produced
B) Little effect is visible
C) It turns bright red
D) It bubbles vigorously
- 39. What happens when Chinese cinnamon is treated with tincture of iodine?
A) Nothing happens
B) A deep-blue tint is produced
C) It dissolves completely
D) It turns bright orange
- 40. What was the name of the cinnamon-based sauce common in Western Europe during the Middle Ages?
A) Garum sauce
B) Romesco sauce
C) Cameline sauce
D) Bechamel sauce
- 41. What body of water did Europeans learn cinnamon came up according to Latin writers and Herodotus?
A) The Red Sea
B) The Caspian Sea
C) The Mediterranean Sea
D) The Black Sea
- 42. Who accompanied King Louis IX of France to Egypt on the Seventh Crusade in 1248?
A) Marco Polo
B) Maimonides
C) John of Montecorvino
D) Sieur de Joinville
- 43. Which traveler avoided precision regarding the topic of where cinnamon came from?
A) John of Montecorvino
B) Marco Polo
C) Zakariya al-Qazwini
D) Sieur de Joinville
- 44. Who made the first mention that cinnamon grew in the area of India, around 1180?
A) John of Montecorvino
B) Maimonides
C) Herodotus
D) Zakariya al-Qazwini
- 45. In which work did Maimonides first mention that the spice grew in the area of India?
A) Athar al-bilad wa-akhbar al-'ibad
B) The Travels
C) Mishneh Torah
D) Monument of Places
- 46. Who first mentioned that cinnamon grew specifically in Sri Lanka?
A) Maimonides
B) Zakariya al-Qazwini
C) Sieur de Joinville
D) Louis IX
- 47. What is the title of Zakariya al-Qazwini's work that mentioned Sri Lanka as the source of cinnamon?
A) Histories
B) Athar al-bilad wa-akhbar al-'ibad
C) Mishneh Torah
D) The Seven Crusades
- 48. What type of watercraft did Indonesians use to transport cinnamon directly from the Moluccas?
A) Galleys
B) Longships
C) Caravels
D) Rafts
- 49. From where did Indonesian rafts transport cinnamon directly to East Africa?
A) Egypt
B) Sri Lanka
C) The Moluccas
D) India
- 50. Where did local traders carry cinnamon after it arrived in East Africa from the Moluccas?
A) Rome
B) Constantinople
C) Venice
D) Alexandria
- 51. Which merchants held a monopoly on the spice trade in Europe, distributing cinnamon from Alexandria?
A) Venetian traders
B) Egyptian traders
C) French traders
D) Indonesian traders
- 52. What is the principal component of cinnamon's essential oil?
A) Canel
B) Cinnamaldehyde
C) Kannella
D) Eugenol
- 53. What percentage of the world cinnamon production did the leading country produce in 2023?
A) 50%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 39%
- 54. To which family do all cinnamon-producing trees belong?
A) Cinnamomum
B) Cannabaceae
C) Fabaceae
D) Lauraceae
- 55. In what century did the English word 'cinnamon' first appear in English texts?
A) 7th century BC
B) 16th century
C) 14th century
D) 15th century
- 56. From which ancient language did the English word 'cinnamon' ultimately derive its root via Greek and Latin?
A) Old English
B) Sanskrit
C) Phoenician
D) Arabic
- 57. What does the Latin word 'cannella' mean?
A) Sweet
B) Spice
C) Bark
D) Tube
- 58. Around what year was cinnamon first imported to Egypt?
A) 2000 BC
B) 301 AD
C) 1310 AD
D) 65 AD
- 59. What was the name of the aromatic used for burning in Ancient Egypt that included cinnamon and cassia?
A) Myrrh
B) Labdanum
C) Kyphi
D) Canel
- 60. Who wrote the first Greek reference to kasía in the 7th century BC?
A) Pliny the Elder
B) Herodotus
C) Sappho
D) Aristotle
- 61. According to Herodotus, what creatures guarded cinnamon and cassia?
A) Winged serpents
B) Dragons
C) Cinnamon birds
D) Giant scorpions
- 62. Which author exposed the tales of cinnamon birds as a traders' fiction?
A) Herodotus
B) Pliny the Elder
C) Aristotle
D) Sappho
- 63. Which Roman Emperor reportedly burned a year's supply of cinnamon at his wife's funeral?
A) Nero
B) Diocletian
C) Augustus
D) Pliny
- 64. What was the name of the Roman Emperor whose wife's funeral featured the burning of cinnamon?
A) Livia
B) Poppaea Sabina
C) Cleopatra
D) Agrippina
- 65. In what year did Nero burn cinnamon at his wife's funeral?
A) 2000 BC
B) 1310 AD
C) 301 AD
D) AD 65
- 66. What was the price of a pound of cassia listed in Diocletian's Edict on Maximum Prices from 301 AD?
A) 25 denarii
B) 327 denarii
C) 125 denarii
D) 1,500 denarii
- 67. How much did an agricultural labourer earn per day according to Diocletian's Edict?
A) 50 denarii
B) 1,500 denarii
C) 125 denarii
D) 25 denarii
- 68. What is the weight equivalent of a Roman pound mentioned in the text?
A) 100 grams
B) 327 grams
C) 1000 grams
D) 500 grams
- 69. What is the imperial weight equivalent of a Roman pound given in the text?
A) 8 oz
B) 16 oz
C) 11.5 oz
D) 12 oz
- 70. Which constituent is mentioned alongside cinnamaldehyde as contributing to cinnamon's aroma?
A) Eugenol
B) Kyphi
C) Canel
D) Cannella
- 71. Which historical region was falsely cited by ancient authors as the source where cinnamon grew?
A) Arabia
B) Egypt
C) Rome
D) Greece
- 72. During the 1500s, which explorer searched for spices on behalf of Spain?
A) Lord Brown
B) A Dutch captain
C) Vasco da Gama
D) Ferdinand Magellan
- 73. In what year did Dutch traders establish a trading post in Sri Lanka?
A) 1500
B) 1767
C) 1796
D) 1638
- 74. By what year did the Dutch take control of the cinnamon manufactories in Sri Lanka?
A) 1796
B) 1658
C) 1638
D) 1640
- 75. When were the remaining Portuguese expelled from Sri Lanka by the Dutch?
A) 1640
B) 1500
C) 1767
D) 1658
- 76. How far out to sea could the smell of cinnamon be detected according to a Dutch captain?
A) Ten leagues
B) Eight leagues
C) Two leagues
D) Five leagues
- 77. Which company eventually began to cultivate its own cinnamon trees in Sri Lanka?
A) The Dutch East India Company
B) The Philippine Trading Company
C) The British East India Company
D) The Spanish Royal Navy
- 78. In which Indian district is the Anjarakkandy Cinnamon Estate located?
A) Tokyo district
B) Manila district
C) Kannur district
D) Colombo district
- 79. In what year was the Anjarakkandy Cinnamon Estate established?
A) 1500
B) 1767
C) 1796
D) 1638
- 80. When did the British seize control of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) from the Dutch?
A) 1796
B) 1767
C) 1640
D) 1658
- 81. What type of tree is cinnamon?
A) An evergreen tree
B) A deciduous tree
C) A palm tree
D) A coniferous tree
- 82. What shape are the leaves of a cinnamon tree?
A) Heart-shaped
B) Needle-shaped
C) Star-shaped
D) Oval-shaped
- 83. What kind of fruit does the cinnamon tree produce?
A) A nut fruit
B) A citrus fruit
C) A berry fruit
D) A pod fruit
- 84. In Japan, what part of the cinnamon plant is harvested to produce nikki?
A) The leaves
B) The roots
C) The outer bark
D) The berry fruit
- 85. What is the Japanese product distinct from cinnamon that is made from roots?
A) Quill
B) Nikki
C) Stripe canker
D) Coppice
- 86. What is the Japanese name for cinnamon?
A) Zeylanicum
B) Nikki
C) Mindanaense
D) Shinamon
- 87. What does coppicing a cinnamon tree involve?
A) Pruning the top canopy
B) Stripping the leaves off the branches
C) Cutting the stems at ground level
D) Pulling the tree up by its roots
- 88. About how many new shoots form from the roots the year after coppicing?
A) Exactly five
B) Only one or two
C) About a dozen
D) Around fifty
- 89. Which of the following is a pest that can affect growing cinnamon plants?
A) Cinnamomum zeylanicum
B) Nikki
C) Sulfur dioxide
D) Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
- 90. What disease does Phytophthora cinnamomi cause in cinnamon plants?
A) Stripe canker
B) Bark rot
C) Root rot
D) Leaf curl
- 91. How is the outer bark removed from the cut cinnamon stems?
A) By freezing it
B) By burning it off
C) By scraping it off
D) By soaking it in water
- 92. After scraping the outer bark, how is the inner bark loosened?
A) By peeling it with bare hands
B) By twisting the branch forcefully
C) By pressing it in a heavy machine
D) By beating the branch evenly with a hammer
- 93. What treatment may be required if pests proliferate in the drying cinnamon bark?
A) Coppicing the dried bark
B) Fumigation with sulphur dioxide
C) Exposure to ultraviolet light
D) Washing with salt water
- 94. In what year did the European Union approve the use of sulphur dioxide for C. verum bark?
A) 1638
B) 1767
C) 1796
D) 2011
- 95. Which of the following is listed as a Diplodia species that can affect growing cinnamon plants?
A) Diplodia species
B) Diplodia mindanaense
C) Diplodia zeylanicum
D) Diplodia quillus
- 96. What percentage of ground cinnamon consists of carbohydrates?
A) 53%
B) 81%
C) 1%
D) 11%
- 97. How much dietary fibre is included in the carbohydrates of ground cinnamon?
A) 4%
B) 81%
C) 53%
D) 11%
- 98. What percentage of fat is present in ground cinnamon?
A) 4%
B) 81%
C) 1%
D) 11%
- 99. What liquid is used to macerate cinnamon bark when creating a tincture?
A) 80% ethanol
B) Sea water
C) Water
D) Polysorbate 80
- 100. What color is cinnamon essential oil?
A) Reddish
B) Clear
C) Dark brown
D) Golden-yellow
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