 - 1. The Bengal tiger is a population of which subspecies?
A) Panthera tigris tigris
B) Panthera tigris sondaica
C) Panthera leo leo
D) Panthera onca onca
- 2. Which of the following countries is NOT listed as part of the Bengal tiger's distribution?
A) Pakistan
B) Nepal
C) Bangladesh
D) Bhutan
- 3. Until what time period did the historical range of the Bengal tiger extend to the Indus Basin?
A) Late 18th century
B) Late 20th century
C) Early 19th century
D) Early 17th century
- 4. When is the Bengal tiger thought to have been present in the Indian subcontinent?
A) Late Pleistocene about 12,000 to 16,500 years ago
B) Early Holocene about 5,000 years ago
C) Pliocene about 5 million years ago
D) Middle Miocene about 2 million years ago
- 5. What are the main threats to the Bengal tiger?
A) Climate change and volcanic eruptions
B) Competition with lions and leopards
C) Introduction of invasive plant species
D) Poaching, habitat loss and habitat fragmentation
- 6. What was the estimated Bengal tiger population in India as of 2022?
A) Around 125 individuals
B) 131 individuals
C) 316–355 individuals
D) 3,167–3,682 individuals
- 7. Which countries recognize the Bengal tiger as their national animal?
A) India and Bangladesh
B) India and Nepal
C) Bhutan and Bangladesh
D) Nepal and Bhutan
- 8. Who used the scientific name Felis tigris for the tiger in 1758?
A) Charles Darwin
B) Carl Linnaeus
C) Reginald Innes Pocock
D) Alfred Russel Wallace
- 9. Who subordinated the tiger to the genus Panthera in 1929?
A) George Schaller
B) Carl Linnaeus
C) Ernst Mayr
D) Reginald Innes Pocock
- 10. What is considered the traditional type locality of the species and the nominate subspecies?
A) Siberia
B) Caspian
C) Bengal
D) Sumatra
- 11. In what year was the validity of several tiger subspecies in continental Asia questioned?
A) 2017
B) 1929
C) 1999
D) 1758
- 12. How many valid tiger subspecies were proposed to be recognized in the 1999 revision based on morphology and gene flow?
A) Nine
B) Four
C) Six
D) Two
- 13. Which subspecies name was proposed to represent all continental Asia tigers in 1999?
A) P. t. tigris
B) P. t. altaica
C) P. t. balica
D) P. t. sondaica
- 14. The northern clade of the nominate subspecies comprises which tiger populations?
A) Siberian and Caspian
B) Javan and Bali
C) Bengal and Sumatran
D) South China and Indochinese
- 15. In what year did the revision of felid taxonomy subsume all continental Asian tiger populations into P. t. tigris?
A) 1758
B) 1929
C) 1999
D) 2017
- 16. How many tiger samples were used in the genetic analysis that showed Bengal tiger samples grouped into a different clade than Siberian tigers?
A) 32
B) 14
C) 12
D) 42
- 17. By how many mitochondrial nucleotide sites is the Bengal tiger defined?
A) Thirty-two
B) Twelve
C) Twenty-one
D) Three
- 18. How many unique microsatellite alleles define the Bengal tiger?
A) 3
B) 29
C) 32
D) 12
- 19. Which country lacked tigers due to being separated from the Indian subcontinent by rising sea levels in the early Holocene?
A) Bhutan
B) Nepal
C) Sri Lanka
D) Bangladesh
- 20. What color is the Bengal tiger's coat?
A) Pale golden
B) Dark brown to black
C) Yellow to light orange
D) Pure white
- 21. What color are the stripes of a typical Bengal tiger?
A) Dark brown to black
B) Red-brown
C) White
D) Grey to silver
- 22. What color is the belly and interior parts of the Bengal tiger's limbs?
A) Yellow
B) Black
C) White
D) Light orange
- 23. What color is the Bengal tiger's tail?
A) Yellow with white tip
B) Solid black
C) White with brown spots
D) Orange with black rings
- 24. The white tiger is what kind of genetic occurrence?
A) A true albino specimen
B) A dominant hybrid
C) A result of albinism
D) A recessive mutant
- 25. In which Indian region was the white tiger especially reported?
A) Mussoorie
B) Kumaon District
C) Chittagong
D) The former State of Rewa
- 26. How many fully authenticated cases of a true albino tiger are known?
A) Zero
B) One
C) Fourteen
D) Two
- 27. How many stripes do the fourteen Bengal tiger skins in the Natural History Museum, London have?
A) 21–29
B) 30–40
C) 12–15
D) 5–10
- 28. What is the golden tiger characterized by?
A) Pale golden fur with red-brown stripes
B) Black fur with golden rings
C) Pure white fur with black stripes
D) Dark brown fur with yellow spots
- 29. What is the head-to-body length of male Bengal tigers in Panna Tiger Reserve?
A) 130–170 cm
B) 164–193 cm
C) 283–311 cm
D) 183–211 cm
- 30. What is the head-to-body length of female Bengal tigers in Panna Tiger Reserve?
A) 255–285 cm
B) 110–180 cm
C) 164–193 cm
D) 183–211 cm
- 31. What is the typical tail length range for Bengal tigers mentioned in the Panna Tiger Reserve data?
A) 120–140 cm
B) 33–43 cm
C) 85–110 cm
D) 50–70 cm
- 32. What is the typical shoulder height range for Bengal tigers?
A) 90–110 cm
B) 50–65 cm
C) 70–85 cm
D) 120–140 cm
- 33. How much do subadult male Bengal tigers weigh?
A) 110 and 180 kg
B) 200 and 260 kg
C) 130 and 170 kg
D) 80 and 100 kg
- 34. How much do adult male Bengal tigers generally weigh?
A) 130–170 kg
B) 200–260 kg
C) 110–180 kg
D) 80–100 kg
- 35. How much do subadult female Bengal tigers weigh?
A) 200–260 kg
B) 110–180 kg
C) 80–100 kg
D) 130–170 kg
- 36. How much do adult female Bengal tigers weigh?
A) 80 and 100 kg
B) 300 and 350 kg
C) 200 and 260 kg
D) 110 and 180 kg
- 37. What was the average weight of 42 adult male Bengal tigers in central India?
A) 76.7 kg
B) 190 kg
C) 235 kg
D) 132 kg
- 38. What was the average shoulder height of adult male Bengal tigers in central India?
A) 120 cm
B) 85 cm
C) 99 cm
D) 110 cm
- 39. What was the average weight of 39 adult female Bengal tigers in central India?
A) 76.7 kg
B) 132 kg
C) 190 kg
D) 140 kg
- 40. What was the maximum weight recorded for the adult female Bengal tigers in central India?
A) 180 kg
B) 132 kg
C) 156 kg
D) 200 kg
- 41. Adult male Bengal tigers in the Terai consistently attain more than what body weight?
A) 227 kg
B) 190 kg
C) 300 kg
D) 150 kg
- 42. What was the average weight of seven adult males captured in Chitwan National Park in the early 1970s?
A) 270 kg
B) 190 kg
C) 140 kg
D) 235 kg
- 43. What was the average weight of females captured in Chitwan National Park in the early 1970s?
A) 190 kg
B) 235 kg
C) 140 kg
D) 76.7 kg
- 44. Which national park housed two male tigers in the 1980s that exceeded weights of 270 kg?
A) Panna Tiger Reserve
B) Jim Corbett National Park
C) Sundarbans
D) Chitwan National Park
- 45. Where are the smallest recorded weights for Bengal tigers found?
A) Central India
B) Bangladesh Sundarbans
C) Nepal Terai
D) Assam
- 46. How much do adult female Bengal tigers weigh in the Bangladesh Sundarbans?
A) 75–80 kg
B) 110–180 kg
C) 200–260 kg
D) 130–170 kg
- 47. What was the mean weight of three tigresses from the Bangladesh Sundarbans?
A) 132 kg
B) 76.7 kg
C) 190 kg
D) 140 kg
- 48. What factor likely contributes to the small size of Bengal tigers in the Sundarbans?
A) Abundance of very large prey animals
B) Intense intraspecific competition and small size of prey
C) Lack of water and extreme cold weather
D) Excessive human interaction and poaching
- 49. What was the body length of the very large 'Leeds Tiger' at death?
A) 323 cm
B) 221 cm
C) 371 cm
D) 282 cm
- 50. Near which location was the 'Leeds Tiger' shot in 1860?
A) Rewa
B) Mussoorie
C) Nagina
D) Chittagong
- 51. What was the greatest length of a tiger skull measured 'over the bone'?
A) 35.1 cm
B) 29.3 cm
C) 41.3 cm
D) 50.0 cm
- 52. Near which location in northern India was the tiger with the greatest skull length shot?
A) Mussoorie
B) Kumaon District
C) Nagina
D) Oude
- 53. What was the estimated weight of the male tiger shot in central India in the beginning of the 20th century?
A) About 272 kg
B) About 190 kg
C) About 388.7 kg
D) About 132 kg
- 54. How much did the male tiger shot in Nepal weigh when measured 'over the curves'?
A) 320 kg
B) 272 kg
C) 235 kg
D) 388.7 kg
- 55. How much did the heaviest recorded wild Bengal tiger weigh after eating a buffalo calf?
A) 388.7 kg
B) 190 kg
C) 270 kg
D) 320 kg
- 56. In what year was the heaviest wild Bengal tiger killed in the foothills of the Himalayas?
A) 1758
B) 1967
C) 1860
D) 1980
- 57. What is the maximum greatest skull length of a male tiger?
A) 200 mm
B) 293 mm
C) 413 mm
D) 351 mm
- 58. What is the maximum greatest skull length of a female tiger?
A) 156 mm
B) 351 mm
C) 413 mm
D) 293 mm
- 59. How long are the canines of a Bengal tiger, which are the longest among all cats?
A) 7.5 to 10 cm
B) 10 to 15 cm
C) 3.0 to 5.0 cm
D) 2.0 to 4.0 cm
- 60. In what year was a sub-fossil right middle phalanx of a tiger found near Kuruwita in Sri Lanka?
A) 1982
B) 1990
C) 1906
D) 1975
- 61. When did tigers appear to have arrived in Sri Lanka?
A) During a severe drought
B) During the industrial era
C) During an interglacial period
D) During a pluvial period
- 62. How many samples from tigers across the global range were used in the phylogeographic study mentioned in the text?
A) 200
B) 100
C) 134
D) 150
- 63. The historical northeastern distribution limit of the Bengal tiger borders the historical range of which other tiger?
A) Sumatran tiger
B) Indochinese tiger
C) Caspian tiger
D) Siberian tiger
- 64. Which of the following forest types is inhabited by Bengal tigers in the Indian subcontinent?
A) Tropical moist evergreen forests
B) Boreal coniferous forests
C) Tundra shrublands
D) Mediterranean sclerophyll forests
- 65. What has the alluvial grassland habitat largely been converted into?
A) Mining sites
B) Industrial complexes
C) Urban settlements
D) Agricultural land
- 66. What was the last stronghold of the tiger in Pakistan by the late 19th century?
A) Khairpur
B) Islamabad
C) Bahawalpur
D) Lahore
- 67. In what year were the last individual tigers shot in Bahawalpur in the Indus Riverine jungles?
A) 1912
B) 1906
C) 1982
D) 1857
- 68. Where were the last individual tigers shot in Pakistan's Indus Riverine jungles in 1906?
A) Bahawalpur
B) Peshawar
C) Khairpur
D) Karachi
- 69. What method of Indian tiger censuses in the 20th century relied on individual identification of footprints?
A) Pug marks
B) Satellite tracking
C) Camera traps
D) Audio recordings
- 70. How many landscape complexes were surveyed across India during the 2008 census?
A) Six
B) Five
C) Four
D) Seven
- 71. In what year was a tiger recorded in Sahyadri Tiger Reserve for the first time in eight years?
A) 2016
B) 2019
C) 2018
D) 2014
- 72. Where was a tiger sighted in February 2019 that was later found dead?
A) Corbett Tiger Reserve
B) Kanha National Park
C) Sundarbans National Park
D) Lunavada area in Mahisagar district
- 73. What did officials assume was the likely cause of death of the tiger sighted in Gujarat's Lunavada area in 2019?
A) Poaching
B) Starvation
C) Vehicle collision
D) Drowning
- 74. In which state were tigers recorded by camera traps in Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary in May 2019?
A) Kerala
B) Odisha
C) Goa
D) Gujarat
- 75. What type of forest is inhabited by the tigers in the Sundarbans?
A) Deciduous forest
B) Temperate forest
C) Tropical evergreen forest
D) Mangrove forest
- 76. Which forest in southeastern Gujarat is noted as potential tiger habitat?
A) Nilgiri Forest
B) The Dangs' Forest
C) Wayanad Forest
D) Gir Forest
- 77. What technology is now being used in many sites instead of pug marks for tiger censuses?
A) Radar tracking
B) Thermal imaging drones
C) DNA hair snags
D) Camera traps
- 78. What is the status of the tiger population in the Chittagong forest?
A) Thriving and growing
B) Well-documented
C) Extinct
D) Unknown status
- 79. How do tigers move between islands in the Sundarbans delta to hunt prey?
A) Riding on floating logs
B) Using land bridges
C) Swimming
D) Wading in shallow water
- 80. What is Bangladesh's Forest Department doing to raise mangrove plantations?
A) Providing shelter for tigers
B) Supplying forage for spotted deer
C) Preventing fishermen from entering
D) Creating tourist walking paths
- 81. Since what year has afforestation continued on a small scale in the Sundarbans?
A) 2007
B) 2004
C) 2001
D) 2017
- 82. What approximate carrying capacity of adult females is indicated by their small home ranges?
A) 50 adult females
B) 1,000 adult females
C) 150 adult females
D) 500 adult females
- 83. Which organization has carried out tiger monitoring surveys every year in the Bangladesh Sundarbans since 2007?
A) WildTeam
B) International Tiger Coalition
C) World Wildlife Fund
D) Bangladesh Forest Department
- 84. What technology was used to record female home ranges and indicate high tiger density?
A) Camera traps
B) Radio frequency identification tags
C) Global Positioning System collars
D) Satellite imagery
- 85. Which aspect of Sundarbans tiger ecology has most studies focused on?
A) Life history characteristics
B) Tiger-human conflict
C) Genetics and disease
D) Taxonomy and spatial dynamics
- 86. What climate change-related phenomenon is projected to cause severe habitat loss for tigers?
A) Increasing desertification
B) A rising sea-level
C) Frequent volcanic activity
D) Melting mountain glaciers
- 87. What percentage of suitable tiger habitat is projected to be lost by 2050 due to climate change?
A) Around 50%
B) 100%
C) Around 75%
D) Around 25%
- 88. By what year is 100% of suitable tiger habitat projected to be lost due to a rising sea-level?
A) 2100
B) 2070
C) 2030
D) 2050
- 89. Which reserve harbours the smallest tiger population in Nepal?
A) Bardiya National Park
B) Parsa National Park
C) Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve
D) Chitwan National Park
- 90. What was Nepal's tiger population estimated to be during the 2017-2018 survey?
A) 220–274 tigers
B) 103 tigers
C) 316–355 tigers
D) 163–235 tigers
- 91. In how many of Bhutan's 18 districts have tigers been documented?
A) 17 districts
B) 10 districts
C) 5 districts
D) All 18 districts
- 92. What was the survey area size when Bhutan's tiger population was estimated at 89 to 124 individuals by 2015?
A) 2,543 km2
B) 4,841 km2
C) 28,225 km2
D) 10,000 km2
- 93. How did the tiger likely reach northeastern Bhutan in 2017?
A) It swam across the Kulong River
B) It was relocated by conservationists
C) It probably used a wildlife corridor
D) It migrated from China
- 94. In which Chinese autonomous region was the presence of the Bengal tiger investigated in 1995?
A) Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
B) Xinjiang Autonomous Region
C) Guangxi Autonomous Region
D) Tibet Autonomous Region
- 95. How do adult tigers normally spend their lives?
A) Leading solitary lives, hunting individually
B) Living in large family packs
C) Traveling in nomadic groups
D) Forming lifelong monogamous pairs
- 96. How do the home ranges of adult male residents tend to be structured relative to each other?
A) Mutually exclusive
B) Randomly intersecting
C) Shared equally among all males
D) Completely overlapping
- 97. What areas within a female's home range tend to be more exclusive?
A) Migratory corridors
B) Waterhole zones
C) Core areas
D) Peripheral areas
- 98. What was the fate of five litters of cubs in the Chitwan study area?
A) They died from starvation due to lack of prey
B) They were adopted by new resident males
C) They were killed by infanticide
D) They successfully dispersed at 19 months of age
- 99. What is the primary dietary classification of the Bengal tiger?
A) Omnivore
B) Herbivore
C) Carnivore
D) Insectivore
- 100. Which of the following is considered a large ungulate preferred by the Bengal tiger?
A) Porcupine
B) Gaur
C) Hare
D) Wild boar
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