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Tombs at Xanthos - Quiz
Tombs at Xanthos
  • 1. Where is the Harpy Tomb located?
A) In the city center
B) Near the river
C) In the valley
D) On the Acropolis
  • 2. What art style is used for the Harpy Tomb decorations?
A) Hellenistic Style
B) Classical Greek Style
C) Greek Archaic Style
D) Lycian Style
  • 3. What was the initial interpretation of the winged females on the Harpy Tomb?
A) A depiction of the gods of the underworld
B) A myth about violence to the Lycian royal family
C) A royal marriage ceremony
D) A scene of hero worship
  • 4. Why did the second theory suggest the imagery depicted the underworld?
A) It was commissioned by a priest
B) The iconography was exclusively Lycian
C) The tomb was fabricated by Greek artisans
D) The tomb was located near a temple
  • 5. Why was a third theory developed regarding the Harpy Tomb?
A) New inscriptions were discovered
B) The previous theories were proven impossible
C) Mainland Greek tombs did not include figures of gods
D) The tomb was destroyed by an earthquake
  • 6. What is the third theory for the iconography of the Harpy Tomb?
A) A celebration of a military victory
B) The depiction of a royal procession
C) A visual representation of the afterlife
D) Hero worship of the buried individuals
  • 7. What is another name for the Inscribed Pillar of Xanthos?
A) The Royal Pillar
B) The Acropolis Monument
C) The Pillar of the Gods
D) The Xanthian Obelisk
  • 8. What was located on top of the Inscribed Pillar?
A) A sacred flame
B) A statue of the occupant
C) A tomb chamber
D) A decorative frieze
  • 9. What happened to the chamber tomb on the Inscribed Pillar?
A) It collapsed during a war
B) It fell off due to seismic activity
C) It was removed by archaeologists
D) It was stolen in antiquity
  • 10. What is depicted in the friezes of the Inscribed Pillar?
A) Maps of the Lycian territory
B) Hunting and battle scenes
C) Religious rituals and offerings
D) The daily life of common people
  • 11. What languages are found on the Inscribed Pillar?
A) Greek and two types of Lycian
B) Greek, Latin, and Lycian
C) Lycian and Persian
D) Greek and Phoenician
  • 12. To whom was the Greek inscription on the pillar likely dedicated?
A) 12 Greek gods
B) The citizens of Lycia
C) The heroes of the Trojan War
D) The King of Xanthos
  • 13. Which inscription on the pillar is the oldest Greek inscription in Lycia?
A) The dedication of the monument
B) The Lycian B text
C) The Lycian A text
D) The royal hunting list
  • 14. Which of the Lycian inscriptions has been translated?
A) Lycian B
B) None of the Lycian inscriptions
C) Lycian A
D) Lycian C
  • 15. Why is the creator of the Inscribed Pillar unknown?
A) Letters in the name are missing
B) The artist refused to sign his work
C) The language used is completely extinct
D) The pillar was collaborative
  • 16. Where is Xanthos located?
A) Northern Greece
B) The Levant
C) Southwestern Anatolia
D) Central Asia
  • 17. Who excavated several tombs at Xanthos and moved them to the British Museum?
A) Sir Arthur Evans
B) Howard Carter
C) Heinrich Schliemann
D) Sir Charles Fellows
  • 18. In what year were the Xanthos tombs transported to the British Museum?
A) 1822 CE
B) 1902 CE
C) 1799 CE
D) 1848 CE
  • 19. What empire governed the area during the time of the Xanthos kings?
A) Ottoman Empire
B) Byzantine Empire
C) Roman Empire
D) Achaemenid Empire
  • 20. What material is the chest of the Lion Pillar made of?
A) White limestone
B) Sandstone
C) Marble
D) Granite
  • 21. What is the approximate height of the Lion Pillar?
A) 5 metres
B) 1.5 metres
C) 3 metres
D) 10 metres
  • 22. What animal is pinned by the lion on the south side of the chest?
A) A goat
B) A horse
C) A bull
D) A deer
  • 23. What is the subject of the imagery on the north side of the Lion Pillar?
A) A lion interacting with her cubs
B) Religious offerings
C) A king on a throne
D) A battle scene
  • 24. What is a chiton?
A) A funeral shroud
B) A type of helmet
C) A ceremonial spear
D) A Greek-style tunic
  • 25. When did the pillar tombs begin to reflect the facades of Greek temples?
A) 450–400 BCE
B) 300–250 BCE
C) 550–500 BCE
D) 375–350 BCE
  • 26. Which architectural order was used to build the Nereid Monument?
A) Doric
B) Corinthian
C) Ionic
D) Tuscan
  • 27. Which monument did the Nereid Monument directly influence?
A) Acropolis Pillar
B) Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
C) Lomas Rishi caves
D) Lion Tomb
  • 28. Who was the Xanthian King entombed in the Nereid Monument?
A) King Cyrus
B) King Erbinna
C) King Payava
D) King Pallava
  • 29. What is the secondary iconographic source found on the top two reliefs of the Nereid Monument podium?
A) Persian
B) Roman
C) Egyptian
D) Assyrian
  • 30. Which of the following is NOT listed as a tomb at Xanthos?
A) Acropolis Pillar
B) Theatre Pillar
C) Tomb of Payava
D) The Sphinx Pillar
  • 31. The Lycian ogival tomb shape was adopted for a sarcophagus in which modern country?
A) Lebanon
B) India
C) Turkey
D) Greece
  • 32. What architectural feature do the Lycian barrel-vaulted tombs imitate?
A) Marble columns
B) Metal frameworks
C) Mud-brick walls
D) Wooden structures
  • 33. Which historian suggested that Lycian tombs and Indian Chaitya temples share a cultural link?
A) Erbinna
B) Payava
C) David Napier
D) James Fergusson
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