A) Police officers decide the guilt of suspects B) Police officers impose judicial penalties C) Law enforcement gathers evidence while the judiciary independently adjudicates the case D) Judges direct police officers on how to conduct every investigation
A) Judicial economy B) Community participation C) Integrity and fairness D) Separation of powers
A) Rehabilitation B) Community policing C) Correctional treatment D) Fair administration of justice
A) To investigate every reported crime B) To prosecute all suspects C) To supervise all correctional facilities D) To independently determine cases according to law and evidence
A) Retribution B) Police discretion C) Judicial supremacy D) Presumption of innocence
A) Civil cases never involve courts B) Criminal cases are decided by private individuals C) Criminal prosecution generally involves an offense against the State or public order D) Civil actions always result in imprisonment
A) Judicial review B) Legislative supremacy C) Proportionality and respect for human rights D) Community sovereignty
A) Due process B) Judicial notice C) Equal protection only D) Double jeopardy
A) Substantive due process B) Equal protection C) Double jeopardy D) Procedural due process
A) Procedural due process B) Double jeopardy C) Substantive due process D) Right to counsel
A) Equal protection B) Self-incrimination C) Presumption of innocence D) Double jeopardy
A) Exempting government officials from criminal prosecution B) Applying the law fairly to persons similarly situated C) Allowing police officers to choose which laws apply D) Giving favored treatment to politically influential suspects
A) Police power B) Double jeopardy C) Due process D) Equal protection
A) Determining legal controversies B) Interpreting laws C) Conducting routine criminal investigation D) Adjudicating criminal cases
A) Representing the State in criminal cases B) Imposing the final sentence on a convicted offender C) Conducting preliminary investigation when authorized by law D) Evaluating evidence for prosecution
A) Reintegration B) Rehabilitation C) Determination of guilt D) Custody of offenders
A) Investigation B) Adjudication C) Prosecution D) Rehabilitation
A) A prosecutor dismisses a complaint B) A person commits a crime for the first time C) A person reports a crime to the police D) A convicted offender returns to criminal behavior after previously being punished for an offense
A) It allows offenders to avoid accountability B) It seeks to prepare offenders for lawful and productive reintegration into society C) It eliminates the need for courts D) It guarantees that every offender will be acquitted
A) Adjudication B) Investigation C) Reintegration D) Prosecution
A) Conducting visible patrols in areas identified as vulnerable to criminal activity B) Arresting a suspect after a crime has been committed C) Presenting evidence during trial D) Supervising convicted offenders
A) Conducting rehabilitation programs B) Gathering and analyzing information to establish the facts and circumstances of an offense C) Imposing a sentence D) Determining the constitutionality of a statute
A) To establish facts relevant to the offense B) To replace the prosecutor C) To determine the final sentence D) To exercise judicial authority
A) The police must impose the appropriate punishment B) The accused must always prove that he is innocent C) The judge must investigate the accused personally D) The prosecution must establish the accused's guilt beyond reasonable doubt
A) Acquit because guilt was not established beyond reasonable doubt B) Convict because the prosecutor believes the accused is guilty C) Convict because arrest creates a presumption of guilt D) Order the police to impose punishment
A) It guarantees the guilt of the accused B) It is a reasonable basis for believing that a crime has been committed and that the person involved may be responsible C) It is equivalent to proof beyond reasonable doubt D) It is the standard necessary for every criminal conviction
A) A sufficient legal basis for the issuance of the warrant B) Final guilt C) Automatic conviction D) Completion of the criminal trial
A) Administrative convenience B) Community control C) Police discretion D) Due process and presumption of innocence
A) Legislative immunity B) Judicial supremacy C) Double jeopardy D) Voluntariness and constitutional safeguards
A) A police officer determines his own punishment B) An officer is automatically immune from liability because of official position C) An officer is investigated for an alleged violation of law or regulations D) A police officer refuses all external review
A) Integrity B) Political neutrality only C) Retribution D) Judicial review
A) A court renders a decision based on evidence B) An officer follows established procedures C) A prosecutor evaluates evidence objectively D) An official accepts money in exchange for favorable treatment
A) Consistent enforcement of laws B) Favoritism toward influential individuals C) Respect for constitutional rights D) Transparent disciplinary proceedings
A) Appellate review B) Sentencing C) Crime prevention D) Adjudication
A) It begins only after conviction B) It applies only to convicted offenders C) It is exclusively performed by courts D) It seeks to reduce the occurrence of crime before offenses happen
A) Community participation in crime prevention B) Judicial review C) Correctional custody D) Prosecutorial discretion
A) Police department B) Correctional institution C) Prosecutor's office D) Court
A) Community control B) Executive interference C) Police supremacy D) Judicial independence and due process
A) Executive control B) Police discretion C) Community supremacy D) Judicial independence
A) Police agencies may create criminal statutes B) One government branch performs all criminal justice functions C) Courts may exercise unlimited executive authority D) Criminal justice functions are distributed among constitutionally recognized branches and institutions
A) Correctional independence B) Absolute judicial power C) Police authority D) Separation of powers
A) Legislative B) Executive C) Judicial D) Correctional
A) Legislative B) Judicial C) Executive D) Community
A) Executive B) Judicial C) Legislative D) Non of the above
A) Executive privilege B) Police supremacy C) Administrative convenience D) Rule of law
A) All persons and institutions, including government authorities, are subject to the law B) Police officers may override constitutional limitations C) Laws apply only to private citizens D) Government officials may act according to personal judgment regardless of law
A) Due process and the rule of law B) Public anger C) Media opinion D) Immediate punishment
A) Giving harsher punishment solely because of public demand B) Applying the law fairly while protecting the rights of the accused and the interests of society C) Ignoring constitutional safeguards to obtain convictions D) Convicting every arrested person
A) Law enforcement should control all other pillars B) Community members should determine the guilt and punishment of offenders C) Courts should follow the decisions of police investigators D) Each pillar should perform its legally assigned function while coordinating with the others and respecting constitutional rights
A) Police efficiency B) Correctional rehabilitation C) Community participation D) Presumption of innocence
A) Giving the accused a fair opportunity to be heard according to established legal procedures B) Allowing police officers to impose penalties C) Allowing the media to determine guilt D) Punishing a suspect immediately after arrest
A) Use the evidence because conviction is the objective B) Ask the court to convict based on the police report alone C) Ignore the defect because the accused is probably guilty D) Observe ethical and legal duties and avoid relying on fabricated evidence
A) Giving harsher treatment to unpopular individuals B) Giving preferential treatment to politically influential suspects C) Applying legal standards without regard to personal relationships D) Allowing public opinion to determine prosecution
A) Judicial independence B) Police discretion C) Executive supremacy D) Community control
A) The performance of one pillar can affect the effectiveness of the others B) The community has authority over all government institutions C) The judiciary controls all five pillars D) Each pillar performs identical functions
A) Judicial supremacy B) Correctional independence C) Separation of the community D) Interdependence of the criminal justice pillars
A) Decide whether the accused should be convicted B) Impose the sentence C) Determine the final guilt of the suspect D) Gather facts and evidence in accordance with law
A) Serve as the correctional officer B) Impose imprisonment C) Personally determine the accused's guilt D) Represent the State and evaluate and present evidence according to law
A) Conduct correctional counseling B) Investigate every reported crime C) Conduct routine police patrols D) Determine criminal liability through judicial proceedings
A) It enacts criminal statutes B) It determines probable cause for warrants C) It focuses primarily on arrest and investigation D) It focuses on custody, treatment, rehabilitation, and reintegration of offenders
A) Rehabilitation B) Adjudication C) Investigation D) Retribution
A) Citizens impose criminal sentences B) Citizens participate in programs designed to reduce conditions associated with crime C) Citizens issue search warrants D) Citizens determine guilt
A) Prosecution B) Adjudication C) Investigation D) Reintegration
A) Rehabilitation completely eliminates accountability B) Punishment and rehabilitation can never coexist C) Rehabilitation means that offenders are automatically released D) Modern corrections may combine lawful punishment with efforts to reform and reintegrate offenders
A) Judiciary B) Corrections C) Prosecution D) Community
A) Philippine National Police B) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology C) Bureau of Corrections D) National Bureau of Investigation
A) Bureau of Corrections B) Supreme Court C) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology D) Department of Justice
A) Detention before conviction does not by itself establish guilt B) The person has already been found guilty C) The person should automatically be treated as a convicted prisoner D) The person may be punished without trial
A) Right to be informed and right to counsel B) Right to property and education C) Right to travel and suffrage D) Freedom of religion and assembly
A) A person refuses to provide compelled testimony that would incriminate him B) . A person refuses to obey a lawful court order unrelated to testimony C) A police officer refuses to investigate D) A prosecutor refuses to file a case
A) Separation of functions among criminal justice agencies B) Supremacy of law enforcement C) Judicial delegation of police powers D) Community adjudication
A) Judicial independence B) Correctional rehabilitation C) Police discretion D) Impartial administration of justice
A) Judicial review B) Double jeopardy C) Presumption of innocence D) Police power
A) Executive control B) Police discretion C) Judicial independence D) Community supremacy
A) Probable cause concerns whether there is sufficient basis to proceed, while proof beyond reasonable doubt is required for conviction. B) Probable cause is sufficient for conviction, while proof beyond reasonable doubt is needed only for arrest. C) Both standards require exactly the same level of certainty. D) Proof beyond reasonable doubt is required before any investigation can begin.
A) Presumption of innocence B) Judicial supremacy C) Police power D) Community participation
A) Rehabilitation B) All of the above C) Reintegration D) Integrity
A) Ignoring complaints against fellow officers B) Submitting to lawful investigation regarding an alleged abuse of authority C) Using official position to avoid disciplinary proceedings D) Refusing to disclose misconduct because of institutional reputation
A) Rehabilitation B) Investigation C) Adjudication D) Retribution
A) Prosecution B) Adjudication C) Reintegration D) Deterrence
A) Judiciary B) Prosecution C) Corrections D) Community
A) Constitutional rights apply only after conviction. B) Crime control always prevails over individual rights. C) Law enforcement must operate within constitutional and legal limitations. D) Police authority is unlimited during criminal investigations
A) A prosecutor gives preferential treatment to a political ally. B) A government official ignores a law because of his position. C) A judge decides a case according to personal preference. D) A police officer follows established legal procedures despite pressure from influential individuals.
A) Double jeopardy B) Right against self-incrimination C) Judicial review D) Equal protection
A) Procedural due process B) Substantive due process C) Equal protection D) Double jeopardy
A) Procedural due process B) Right to counsel C) Substantive due process D) Double jeopardy
A) Right to information B) Double jeopardy C) Freedom of assembly D) Equal protection
A) Right to suffrage B) Right to property C) Right to counsel D) Right to travel
A) Presumption of innocence and proof beyond reasonable doubt B) Right to assembly C) Protection against compelled self-incrimination and coercive interrogation D) Coordination between law enforcement and prosecution
A) A court determines whether governmental action is consistent with the Constitution B) Supremacy of police authority C) Judicial control over investigation D) Coordination between law enforcement and prosecution
A) Police discretion B) Administrative efficiency C) Presumption of innocence and proof beyond reasonable doubt D) Public opinion
A) Separation of powers and checks and balances B) A correctional officer supervises an inmate C) A court determines whether governmental action is consistent with the Constitution D) A police officer examines physical evidence
A) Separation of powers and checks and balances B) Police supremacy C) Community sovereignty D) Judicial absolutism
A) Correctional treatment B) Adjudication C) Crime prevention D) Prosecution
A) The community independently determines guilt and punishment. B) The police properly investigate a case, the prosecutor evaluates it, the court adjudicates it, corrections handles the offender, and the community supports prevention and reintegration. C) The police perform all criminal justice functions. D) The actions of one pillar may affect the effectiveness of another pillar.
A) The community is responsible for preserving evidence. B) Each pillar operates completely independently. C) The judiciary controls all investigative decisions. D) The actions of one pillar may affect the effectiveness of another pillar.
A) Corrections should determine whether the offender is guilty. B) Punishment should be the sole purpose of corrections. C) Corrections should consider custody, accountability, rehabilitation, and eventual reintegration. D) Convicted offenders should automatically be released.
A) Integrity and adherence to the rule of law B) Institutional disloyalty C) Judicial supremacy D) Community control
A) Police officers determine guilt to expedite cases. B) Every person arrested is eventually convicted. C) Courts disregard procedural requirements to increase conviction rates. D) Criminal justice agencies coordinate their functions while respecting due process, constitutional rights, and the rule of law.
A) To protect society and maintain peace and order while ensuring justice, lawful procedures, protection of rights, and appropriate treatment of offenders B) Criminal justice agencies coordinate their functions while respecting due process, constitutional rights, and the rule of law. C) Corrections should consider custody, accountability, rehabilitation, and eventual reintegration. D) To maximize the number of convictions regardless of circumstances |