Onion dome - Quiz

1. Prior to the 18th century, what did the Russian Orthodox Church think of the exterior shape of a church?

A) It did not assign any particular symbolism to it.
B) It was considered a divine revelation.
C) It was strictly mandated by biblical texts.
D) It was thought to represent the Holy Trinity.

2. What are onion domes popularly believed to symbolize?

A) The fertility of the Russian earth
B) The descent of the Holy Spirit
C) The crown of a king
D) Burning candles

3. Who argued in 1917 that the onion shape of Russian church domes could not be explained rationally?

A) Prince Evgenii Troubetzkoy
B) Friedensreich Hundertwasser
C) The Patriarch of Moscow
D) Johannes Holl

4. What does the Byzantine cupola represent according to the text?

A) The gates of paradise
B) A burning flame
C) A mountain peak
D) The vault of heaven above the earth

5. According to the text, what does the Gothic spire express?

A) Unbridled vertical thrust
B) A calm, meditative state
C) The weight of earthly suffering
D) The horizontal expansion of faith

6. To what does Prince Evgenii Troubetzkoy liken the onion dome?

A) A blossoming flower
B) A drop of water
C) A tongue of fire
D) A celestial shield

7. What does the onion shape of a church dome represent regarding prayer?

A) The accumulation of wealth
B) The silence of the afterlife
C) A soul burning towards heaven
D) The protection of the congregation

8. What utilitarian explanation for onion domes does the text reject?

A) The need to save on construction materials
B) The need to maximize interior acoustic resonance
C) The need to withstand high wind speeds
D) The need to prevent snow from piling on the roof

9. Which folk saying is used to describe the feeling evoked by church domes?

A) Touching the stars
B) Glowing with fervour
C) Burning with truth
D) Reaching for the light

10. What is an alternative origin theory for the onion dome shape mentioned in the text?

A) Ancient Mongolian nomadic tents
B) The aedicula in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
C) The design of traditional Russian grain silos
D) The crown worn by Byzantine emperors

11. When was the first onion dome in the Holy Roman Empire built?

A) 1917
B) 1576
C) 1200
D) 1750

12. Who was the architect of the first onion dome in the Holy Roman Empire?

A) Friedensreich Hundertwasser
B) Johannes Holl
C) Prince Evgenii Troubetzkoy
D) An anonymous Crusader

13. On what building was the first Holy Roman Empire onion dome placed?

A) The Kremlin cathedrals
B) Convent of the Franciscan Sisters of Maria Stern
C) The World's Only Corn Palace
D) The Church of the Holy Sepulchre

14. Which 20th-century designer favored the use of onion domes?

A) Friedensreich Hundertwasser
B) Banda Aceh
C) Johannes Holl
D) Prince Evgenii Troubetzkoy

15. In which architecture style was the onion dome used extensively in South Asia?

A) Gothic architecture
B) Mughal architecture
C) Byzantine architecture
D) Baroque architecture

16. In what architecture is the onion dome a common feature, particularly in Gurudwaras?

A) Hindu temple architecture
B) Buddhist architecture
C) Taoist architecture
D) Sikh architecture

17. What famous building in Mitchell, South Dakota features onion domes?

A) A local Orthodox church
B) The city museum
C) The state capitol building
D) The World's Only Corn Palace

18. In which country is the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque located?

A) Russia
B) Indonesia
C) Iran
D) Germany

19. What is another name for an onion dome?

A) Tent-like spire
B) Onion cupola
C) Helmet dome
D) Byzantine drum

20. Which of these is a characteristic feature of an onion dome's shape?

A) Flat topped geometry
B) Width always exceeds height
C) Perfectly spherical shape
D) Height usually exceeds width

21. According to Wolfgang Born, where did the onion dome originate?

A) Syria
B) Russia
C) Bavaria
D) Italy

22. Where is the earliest prototype of an onion dome found?

A) St. Andrew's Church, Kyiv
B) Chehel Dokhter, Iran
C) Dormition Cathedral, Ukraine
D) St. Basil's Cathedral, Russia

23. During which centuries did the use of onion domes in Russia reach a peak?

A) 17th and 18th centuries
B) 19th and 20th centuries
C) 11th and 12th centuries
D) 14th and 15th centuries

24. Which dome type is typically associated with Ukrainian Baroque?

A) Cone-shaped domes
B) Pear-shaped domes
C) Bud-shaped domes
D) Helmet domes

25. Where were the largest onion domes of the 17th and 18th centuries erected?

A) Yaroslavl
B) Kyiv
C) Vladimir
D) Novgorod

26. What might have been responsible for the introduction of onion domes in Vienna?

A) The discovery of oil
B) Byzantine traders
C) Russian occupation
D) Islamic influence

27. Who reigned during the time when the domes of Saint Basil's Cathedral were finalized?

A) Fyodor I
B) Sergey Zagraevsky
C) Ivan the Terrible
D) Boris Rybakov

28. According to Sergey Zagraevsky, what do most icons painted after the Mongol invasion display?

A) Onion domes
B) No domes at all
C) Helmet domes
D) Flat roofs

29. Why does Zagraevsky believe restorators found helmet-dome fragments?

A) They were imported from Italy
B) They were the original structures
C) Post-Petrine stylisations
D) They were cheap replacements

30. What architectural emphasis in the 13th century explains the ubiquitous appearance of onion domes?

A) Symmetry
B) Verticality
C) Horizontality
D) Minimalism

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