Plant intelligence - Quiz
Plant intelligence
  • 1. What is the primary argument of the Cellular Basis of Consciousness (CBC) model?
A) Only plant cells are conscious
B) All cells are conscious
C) Only neurons are conscious
D) Intelligence requires a brain
  • 2. Why is the CBC model criticized?
A) It contradicts neurobiology
B) It lacks empirical evidence
C) It ignores genetic data
D) It is not published in journals
  • 3. How are terms like plant 'neural networks' generally regarded by researchers?
A) As metaphors
B) As outdated scientific terms
C) As proven biological facts
D) As distinct from artificial intelligence
  • 4. Who defines intelligence as 'profiting from experience'?
A) Daniel A. Chamovitz
B) Herbert Spencer Jennings
C) Stefano Mancuso
D) Anthony Trewavas
  • 5. How do Robert J. Sternberg and Douglas K. Detterman define intelligence?
A) A capacity for problem-solving
B) The capacity to grow towards light
C) The ability to reproduce
D) A collection of neurons
  • 6. What is the main reason Daniel A. Chamovitz believes plant intelligence is not a valid scientific field?
A) The field is too expensive
B) It is not popular among botanists
C) Plants lack cells
D) It lacks an objective definition
  • 7. What was the original name of the Society of Plant Signaling and Behavior?
A) Society for Plant Neurobiology
B) International Laboratory of Plant Neurobiology
C) Botanical Consciousness Association
D) Society for Plant Intelligence
  • 8. In what year was the Society for Plant Neurobiology established?
A) 2016
B) 2005
C) 2009
D) 2018
  • 9. Who heads the International Laboratory of Plant Neurobiology?
A) Anthony Trewavas
B) Daniel A. Chamovitz
C) František Baluška
D) Stefano Mancuso
  • 10. Why was the Society for Plant Neurobiology renamed to the Society of Plant Signaling and Behavior?
A) Criticism from botanists and negative career impacts
B) Lack of funding
C) A disagreement regarding plant intelligence definitions
D) The laboratory closed down
  • 11. What does Shane Legg and Marcus Hutter's summary state about intelligence?
A) It is only present in multicellular organisms
B) It is an individual's ability to adapt to environments
C) It is strictly a biological phenomenon
D) It is defined by the number of neurons
  • 12. How does Chamovitz describe the current state of the definition of intelligence?
A) Too narrow
B) Universally accepted
C) Overly vague
D) Highly scientific
  • 13. Are phloem structures considered convergent to neurons?
A) No
B) Only in laboratory settings
C) Yes
D) Only in certain plant species
  • 14. What criterion does Chamovitz claim scientific study must meet?
A) Must be testable and falsifiable
B) Must be universally accepted
C) Must involve animal models
D) Must have financial backing
  • 15. Which researcher proposed the Cellular Basis of Consciousness (CBC) model in 2021?
A) Shane Legg
B) Herbert Spencer Jennings
C) František Baluška
D) Marcus Hutter
  • 16. In what year did Dorothy Retallack publish The Sound of Music and Plants?
A) 1973
B) 2003
C) 1980
D) 1970
  • 17. According to Retallack's experiments, which genre of music caused plants to die?
A) Jazz
B) Classical
C) Acid rock
D) Country
  • 18. Who is credited with reintroducing the idea of plant intelligence in the early 2000s?
A) Charles Darwin
B) Peter Wohlleben
C) Dorothy Retallack
D) Anthony Trewavas
  • 19. In 2014, what did Trewavas compare plant cognition to?
A) Insect swarm behaviors
B) Single-celled bacteria movement
C) Artificial intelligence algorithms
D) Mammalian brain activity
  • 20. Where does the organization of plant roots originate, according to Trewavas?
A) The leaves
B) The root tip
C) The stem
D) The vascular tissue
  • 21. Who first mooted the notion of a 'root brain' in 1880?
A) Charles Darwin
B) Peter A. Crisp
C) Anthony Trewavas
D) Dorothy Retallack
  • 22. What discovery was made by biologists at the University of Birmingham in 2017?
A) Plants can speak to one another
B) Plants recognize human faces
C) Plants produce their own glucose through neural signals
D) A decision-making center in the root tip of dormant seeds
  • 23. What mechanism explains the regulation of flowering in A. thaliana via vernalization?
A) Water consumption
B) Turning off the AtFLC flowering inhibitor gene
C) Increased sunlight exposure
D) Increased oxygen levels
  • 24. What happened to Venus flytraps when exposed to anesthetics in the 2017 study by Yokawa?
A) They stopped generating electrical signals
B) They grew faster
C) They changed color
D) They bloomed immediately
  • 25. Who authored the 1811 essay regarding sensation in vegetables?
A) Gustav Fechner
B) Charles Darwin
C) Federico Delpino
D) James Perchard Tupper
  • 26. Who authored the 1900 book Intelligence in Plants and Animals?
A) Maurice Maeterlinck
B) Royal Dixon
C) Thomas G. Gentry
D) Arthur Smith
  • 27. What did Captain Arthur Smith argue was not necessary for consciousness?
A) Sunlight.
B) Photosynthesis.
C) The brain.
D) Water.
  • 28. Which plant does the text mention as responding to light touch, shadows, and darkness?
A) Oak tree
B) Mimosa
C) Sunflower
D) Venus Flytrap
  • 29. Who argued in 1914 that plants are sentient and have minds and souls?
A) Charles Fletcher Argyll Saxby
B) Federico Delpino
C) James Perchard Tupper
D) Royal Dixon
  • 30. Who stated that plants exhibit an electric response under stimuli?
A) Patrick Geddes
B) Jagadish Chandra Bose
C) George Bernard Shaw
D) Karl F. Kellerman
  • 31. What reaction did a cabbage display in Bose's laboratory demonstration?
A) Change in color
B) Sudden growth
C) Emission of light
D) Convulsions
  • 32. Which famous playwright visited Bose's laboratory?
A) George Bernard Shaw
B) Samuel Beckett
C) Oscar Wilde
D) William Shakespeare
  • 33. According to Kellerman, what else shows variations in resistance to electric current?
A) Only animal tissue
B) Water vapor
C) Nothing else exists
D) Dead matter
  • 34. How did the visitor George Bernard Shaw feel after the cabbage demonstration?
A) Completely indifferent
B) Intensely disturbed
C) Deeply amused
D) Highly impressed
  • 35. What year did Cleve Backster first become interested in measuring plant responses?
A) 1966
B) 1973
C) 1975
D) 1960
  • 36. What device did Backster attach to the philodendron leaf to measure electrical resistance?
A) EEG
B) Polygraph
C) Thermometer
D) Galvanometer
  • 37. What is the term used to describe the theory that plants respond to emotions and intents?
A) Backster effect
B) Primary consciousness
C) Botanical sentience
D) Plant magnetism
  • 38. What species was used in the 1975 experiment regarding the killing of organisms in boiling water?
A) Brine shrimp
B) Fruit flies
C) Earthworms
D) Garden snails
  • 39. How many brine shrimp deliveries to boiling water were used in the 1975 study?
A) 5
B) 60
C) 7
D) 13
  • 40. According to the text, what was the primary conclusion of the 1975 study by Horowitz, Lewis, and Gasteiger?
A) The results were not statistically significant
B) Plants react to brine shrimp death
C) Plants require electricity to show emotion
D) The theory was proven correct
  • 41. How many plants was the original 'Backster effect' based on according to John M. Kmetz?
A) Thirteen
B) Sixty
C) Five
D) Seven
  • 42. What device did MythBusters use in later experiments that failed to detect any response?
A) EEG
B) X-ray
C) Polygraph
D) Galvanometer
  • 43. What did the television show MythBusters conclude about the Backster effect?
A) The theory was not true
B) Plants are sentient but shy
C) The results were inconclusive
D) The theory is plausible
  • 44. How did philosopher Yogi H. Hendlin describe the research in 'The Secret Life of Plants'?
A) Unmethodical citizen science
B) Essential botanical reading
C) Peer-reviewed analysis
D) Rigorous biological study
  • 45. What condition do animals need to be considered likely to be conscious?
A) High levels of chlorophyll.
B) A sufficiently complex nervous system.
C) A basic cell structure.
D) The ability to photosynthesize.
  • 46. What is the primary argument made by Taiz et al. (2019) regarding plant consciousness?
A) Plants have a primitive form of consciousness
B) Plant consciousness is proven by electrical signals
C) Plants neither possess nor require consciousness
D) Plants are conscious but lack language
  • 47. According to Robinson and Draguhn (2021), what do plants lack that prevents them from having a nervous system?
A) Chlorophyll
B) Cell walls
C) Synapses
D) Vacuoles
  • 48. Which author wrote 'The Light Eaters: How the Unseen World of Plant Intelligence Offers a New Understanding of Life on Earth'?
A) Massimo Pigliucci
B) Yiannis Manetas
C) Zoë Schlanger
D) Stefano Mancuso
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