John C. Calhoun - Quiz
John C
  • 1. How many interpretations of Congressional power regarding slavery emerged in the 1840s?
A) Five
B) Two
C) Four
D) Three
  • 2. According to the 'free-soil doctrine', who had the power to outlaw slavery in the territories?
A) The Supreme Court
B) State governors
C) Local voters
D) Congress
  • 3. What did the popular sovereignty position argue regarding slavery in the territories?
A) Congress should decide
B) The President should decide
C) The federal government should ban it
D) Voters living there should decide
  • 4. What did the 'Calhoun doctrine' state regarding slavery in the territories?
A) Neither Congress nor local citizens could outlaw it
B) Only Congress could outlaw it
C) The Supreme Court could outlaw it
D) Only the citizens could outlaw it
  • 5. What role did Calhoun argue the federal government played in the territories?
A) Absolute ruler of the territories
B) A neutral observer with no role
C) Trustee or agent of the sovereign states
D) The primary landowner
  • 6. According to Calhoun, what was the federal government obliged not to do regarding the states?
A) Form alliances with them
B) Accept their laws
C) Discriminate among them
D) Tax them unequally
  • 7. What did Calhoun believe citizens had the right to take into any territory?
A) Only gold and silver
B) Their property
C) Only agricultural tools
D) Only their families
  • 8. In which month and year did Calhoun deliver a Senate speech explaining his doctrine?
A) March 1850
B) January 1845
C) February 1847
D) December 1848
  • 9. What did Calhoun argue would be a violation of the Constitution?
A) Expanding the power of the Supreme Court
B) Enacting laws that deprive citizens of taking property into territories
C) Allowing territories to vote on statehood
D) Permitting slavery in new territories
  • 10. According to historian Hermann von Holst, what was the government's duty under the Calhoun Doctrine?
A) Legislate the morality of slavery
B) Actively promote the spread of slavery
C) Enforce abolition in the territories
D) Act as if the existence of slavery in territories did not concern them
  • 11. Which political party did the Free Soil forces merge into around 1854?
A) Democratic Party
B) Libertarian Party
C) Whig Party
D) Republican Party
  • 12. Who used Calhoun's arguments in the 1857 Dred Scott v. Sandford case?
A) Abraham Lincoln
B) Hermann von Holst
C) Roger B. Taney
D) Robert R. Russell
  • 13. What did Roger B. Taney rule in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case?
A) The federal government had total authority over slavery
B) The federal government could not prohibit slavery in any territory
C) Local voters had the final say on slavery
D) Congress had the power to ban slavery in territories
  • 14. What prompted Calhoun to advocate for a standing army after the war?
A) The President ordered him to expand the military.
B) The militia had proven itself to be unreliable.
C) He wanted to invade neighboring countries.
D) He wanted to occupy the Northeast states.
  • 15. In 1816, what specific type of vessel did Calhoun propose for the navy?
A) Wooden schooners
B) Steam frigates
C) Submarines
D) Ironclad warships
  • 16. Why did Calhoun emphasize domestic manufacturing?
A) He wanted to reduce the power of the Northeast.
B) Congress demanded high tariffs on all goods.
C) The British blockade had cut off imports.
D) He believed in a primitive economy.
  • 17. How did an observer describe Calhoun's speaking style in the House?
A) Charismatic and humorous.
B) Elegant and closely confined to the subject.
C) Hesitant and unorganized.
D) Loud and musical.
  • 18. How did Calhoun improve his naturally poor voice?
A) He avoided public speaking entirely.
B) He hired a professional vocal coach.
C) Through systematic self-discipline and practice.
D) He used mechanical amplification devices.
  • 19. What did historian Russell Kirk mean by calling Calhoun the 'Cast-iron Man'?
A) He was inflexible and stubborn in all policies.
B) He was easily offended by critics.
C) He was reserved and his passion was contained.
D) He was physically strong and athletic.
  • 20. What did John Quincy Adams note about Calhoun in 1821?
A) He was a divisive figure in the Union.
B) He was secretly plotting against the President.
C) He was above sectional and factious prejudices.
D) He lacked basic understanding of philosophy.
  • 21. How many men declined the offer to be Secretary of War before Calhoun took the role?
A) Four
B) Two
C) Six
D) One
  • 22. In what year did Calhoun create the Bureau of Indian Affairs?
A) 1821
B) 1824
C) 1819
D) 1817
  • 23. Who was appointed as the first head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs?
A) James Monroe
B) Thomas McKenney
C) Jacob Brown
D) William H. Crawford
  • 24. How did Calhoun respond to General Jackson's invasion of Florida?
A) He resigned in protest.
B) He immediately joined the invasion.
C) He praised Jackson for his patriotism.
D) He advocated for censuring Jackson.
  • 25. Which treaty resulted in the annexation of Florida?
A) Treaty of Ghent
B) Adams–Onís Treaty
C) Treaty of Missouri
D) Treaty of 1812
  • 26. Who did Calhoun appoint to lead the army to create a better command structure?
A) James Tallmadge Jr.
B) William H. Crawford
C) Jacob Brown
D) Thomas McKenney
  • 27. In what year did John C. Calhoun marry Floride Bonneau Colhoun?
A) 1813
B) 1812
C) 1811
D) 1810
  • 28. Who was Floride Bonneau Colhoun's father?
A) Andrew Pickens
B) Thomas Green Clemson
C) William Lowndes
D) John E. Colhoun
  • 29. How many children did John C. Calhoun and his wife have?
A) Nine
B) Twelve
C) Eight
D) Ten
  • 30. What religious tradition was Calhoun raised in?
A) Unitarian
B) Episcopal
C) Catholic
D) Orthodox Presbyterian
  • 31. In 1821, Calhoun became a founding member of which church?
A) The Episcopal Church
B) The Presbyterian Church
C) All Souls Unitarian Church
D) The Charleston High Society Church
  • 32. How did historian Merrill D. Peterson describe Calhoun's writing attempts?
A) Every line began with 'whereas'
B) He wrote beautiful love sonnets
C) He was prone to extreme sarcasm
D) He refused to write anything but legal briefs
  • 33. Which congressional district did Calhoun win in 1810?
A) South Carolina's 1st congressional district
B) Kentucky's 6th congressional district
C) South Carolina's 4th congressional district
D) South Carolina's 6th congressional district
  • 34. Who did Calhoun defeat to win his seat in the House of Representatives?
A) John Randolph of Roanoke
B) Henry Clay
C) John Archer Elmore
D) Daniel Webster
  • 35. Calhoun was a leader of which group that pushed for war with Britain?
A) The Jeffersonians
B) War Hawks
C) The Federalists
D) The Anti-War Coalition
  • 36. On what date did the United States declare war on Britain?
A) June 18, 1812
B) December 24, 1812
C) January 1, 1812
D) June 18, 1814
  • 37. What nickname did a colleague give Calhoun for his work on the war effort?
A) The Architect of War
B) The young Hercules
C) The Iron Orator
D) The War Hawk
  • 38. In which year did Calhoun begin his political career in the House of Representatives?
A) 1824
B) 1804
C) 1810
D) 1812
  • 39. What illness caused John C. Calhoun's death in 1850?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Smallpox
C) Influenza
D) Pneumonia
  • 40. Who was the other vice president mentioned as having resigned from the position?
A) Spiro Agnew
B) John Tyler
C) Andrew Jackson
D) Daniel Webster
  • 41. Calhoun served as Secretary of War under which president?
A) John Quincy Adams
B) Andrew Jackson
C) John Tyler
D) James Monroe
  • 42. Which of these was a member of the 'Great Triumvirate' alongside Calhoun?
A) Timothy Dwight
B) James K. Polk
C) Tapping Reeve
D) Henry Clay
  • 43. What nickname was given to Calhoun later in life due to his rigid defense of Southern beliefs?
A) The Iron Senator
B) The Nullifier
C) The cast-iron man
D) The Great Compromiser
  • 44. Which college did Calhoun attend where he graduated as valedictorian in 1804?
A) Yale College
B) Tapping Reeve Law School
C) Harvard University
D) Princeton University
  • 45. What political concept did Calhoun advocate to protect minority rights against majority rule?
A) Concurrent majority
B) Nationalist modernization
C) Federalist supremacy
D) Universal suffrage
  • 46. What was the name of the estate where Calhoun owned dozens of slaves?
A) Abbeville Plantation
B) Monticello
C) Fort Hill
D) Mount Vernon
  • 47. Which state was Calhoun initially relying on for support during the 1824 election?
A) Georgia
B) Pennsylvania
C) South Carolina
D) New York
  • 48. How many electoral votes did Calhoun receive to become vice president in 1824?
A) 150
B) 182
C) 112
D) 261
  • 49. Besides Calhoun, who was the only other man to serve as vice president under two different presidents?
A) George Clinton
B) James Madison
C) Thomas Jefferson
D) John Adams
  • 50. Which Cabinet member supported the Eatons and eventually became a primary rival to Calhoun?
A) Thomas Hart Benton
B) Martin Van Buren
C) Samuel D. Ingham
D) John Eaton
  • 51. Which political issue, besides the Petticoat affair, caused a rift between Jackson and Calhoun?
A) The expansion of the Supreme Court
B) The war with Great Britain
C) The Nullification Crisis
D) The purchase of Florida
  • 52. Who was the editor of the newspaper where Calhoun published his controversial correspondence?
A) John Forsyth
B) William B. Lewis
C) Duff Green
D) Samuel D. Ingham
  • 53. Under what pseudonym or context was 'South Carolina Exposition and Protest' composed?
A) Under the name of Andrew Jackson.
B) Publicly signed by the South Carolina legislature.
C) Anonymously.
D) Under the direction of John Quincy Adams.
  • 54. Who wrote the bill that became the Tariff of 1832?
A) Henry Clay.
B) John Quincy Adams.
C) Louis McLane.
D) Gulian C. Verplanck.
  • 55. Which bill empowered the President to use military force to ensure compliance with federal law?
A) The Force Bill.
B) The Seminole Act.
C) The Union Preservation Act.
D) The Tariff of 1828.
  • 56. To whom did John C. Calhoun send his resignation letter as vice president?
A) Martin Van Buren
B) Andrew Jackson
C) Robert Y. Hayne
D) Edward Livingston
  • 57. How many tie-breaking votes did Calhoun cast as vice president?
A) 45
B) 12
C) 10
D) 31
  • 58. Which politician was considered to be an 'apostle of northern nationalism' during the debates?
A) Henry Clay
B) Daniel Webster
C) Robert Y. Hayne
D) Martin Van Buren
  • 59. What did Calhoun accuse Jackson of during the Bank War?
A) Too much support for the Bank
B) Ignorance about financial matters
C) Over-reliance on Biddle
D) Trying to form a new political party
  • 60. Who eventually surpassed Calhoun's record for tie-breaking votes as vice president?
A) Kamala Harris
B) John Niven
C) Martin Van Buren
D) Henry Clay
  • 61. Whose death created the vacancy that led to Calhoun's appointment as Secretary of State?
A) Richard Pakenham
B) Abel P. Upshur
C) Benjamin Tappan
D) William Henry Harrison
  • 62. Who leaked the details of the treaty negotiations and supporting documents to the press?
A) Sam Houston
B) John Tyler
C) Richard Pakenham
D) Benjamin Tappan
  • 63. Which foreign power did Tyler fear would gain influence in Texas?
A) Spain
B) France
C) Great Britain
D) Russia
  • 64. What was the final vote count for the rejection of the treaty in the Senate?
A) 25–25
B) 20–30
C) 16–35
D) 10–40
  • 65. What was the political status of John Tyler when he became president?
A) Republican
B) Whig
C) Independent
D) Former Democrat
  • 66. Where was the 1844 Democratic Convention held?
A) Charleston, South Carolina
B) Baltimore, Maryland
C) Nashville, Tennessee
D) Washington, D.C.
  • 67. What did Calhoun's supporters threaten to do at the 1844 convention?
A) Start a new political party
B) Boycott the state of Maryland
C) Bolt the proceedings
D) Support Henry Clay
  • 68. Which document of Calhoun's was identified with proslavery extremism?
A) The South Carolina Exposition
B) The Washington Globe
C) Pakenham letter
D) The Nullification Proclamation
  • 69. What was James K. Polk's political background?
A) A New York governor
B) A Tennessee politician
C) A South Carolina diplomat
D) A Virginia Senator
  • 70. Which organ did Calhoun want to dissolve as a condition for endorsing Polk?
A) The Democratic National Committee
B) The Pakenham Correspondence
C) The Texas Annexation Committee
D) The Washington Globe
  • 71. Who headed the Washington Globe?
A) Francis Preston Blair
B) James K. Polk
C) Martin Van Buren
D) John Tyler
  • 72. When did the Texas Republic approve the annexation treaty?
A) March 1845
B) May 1844
C) October 1845
D) December 1845
  • 73. When was Texas admitted as the 28th state of the Union?
A) October 1, 1845
B) December 29, 1845
C) January 1, 1846
D) March 1, 1845
  • 74. What was Calhoun's stance on the Mexican–American War?
A) Opposed
B) Indifferent
C) Supported
D) Neutral
  • 75. What was the '54–40 or fight' slogan associated with?
A) The Oregon boundary dispute
B) The Mexican–American War
C) The Nashville Convention
D) The Compromise of 1850
  • 76. How was the Oregon boundary dispute resolved?
A) British acquisition of all territory
B) Splitting the area at the 49th parallel
C) A naval blockade
D) United States acquisition of all territory
  • 77. Which event did Calhoun help organize to discuss Southern secession?
A) Senate floor debate
B) Washington summit
C) Constitutional Convention
D) Nashville Convention
  • 78. What term did Calhoun use to describe slavery?
A) Economic foundation
B) Necessary evil
C) Southern heritage
D) Peculiar institution
  • 79. What were the Southern radicals who pushed states' rights to the extreme called?
A) Unionists
B) Fire-Eaters
C) Secessionists
D) Expansionists
  • 80. Where was John C. Calhoun originally interred?
A) St. Paul's Episcopal Church
B) Fort Hill plantation
C) St. Philip's Churchyard
D) Congressional Cemetery
  • 81. Historian Lee H. Cheek Jr. contrasts Calhoun's republicanism with what tradition?
A) Quaker
B) Anglican
C) Puritan
D) Methodist
  • 82. Who taught Calhoun that social standing depended on slave ownership?
A) Patrick Calhoun
B) Thomas Green Clemson
C) Thomas Jefferson
D) James Madison
  • 83. What term did Calhoun famously use to describe slavery in his 1837 Senate speech?
A) Necessary evil
B) Economic burden
C) Temporary arrangement
D) Positive good
  • 84. What punishment did Calhoun order for his runaway slave, Alick?
A) 10 lashes
B) Exile
C) 100 lashes
D) 30 lashes
  • 85. How long did Calhoun want Alick kept in jail?
A) One year
B) One week
C) One month
D) One day
  • 86. How many years did Calhoun predict it would take for the Union to be destroyed?
A) Twenty years
B) Twelve years
C) Fifty years
D) Five years
  • 87. What policy did Calhoun oppose that sought to limit slavery in western territories?
A) Compromise of 1850
B) Kansas-Nebraska Act
C) Wilmot Proviso
D) Missouri Compromise
  • 88. Calhoun felt that slavery prevented society from measuring self-worth solely by what?
A) Education
B) Money
C) Land ownership
D) Political power
  • 89. How many Southern congressmen signed the 'Address of the Southern Delegates'?
A) More than 80%.
B) Less than 10%.
C) Exactly 50%.
D) Fewer than 40%.
  • 90. Who described Calhoun as 'the Marx of the master class'?
A) John Niven
B) Richard Hofstadter
C) Charles E. Merriam
D) Irving Bartlett
  • 91. Who was Calhoun College at Yale renamed after in 2017?
A) John F. Kennedy
B) Peter Salovey
C) Grace Hopper
D) Charles M. Wiltse
  • 92. Where is Calhoun commemorated at Yale besides the former Calhoun College?
A) The president's office
B) Harkness Tower
C) The library entrance
D) The main stadium
  • 93. Which university renamed its Honors College to remove John C. Calhoun's name in 2020?
A) Harvard University
B) Clemson University
C) Yale University
D) University of South Carolina
  • 94. In what year was a Confederate postage stamp featuring Calhoun printed but never released?
A) 1862
B) 1870
C) 1850
D) 1865
  • 95. Who portrayed John C. Calhoun in the 1997 film Amistad?
A) Tommy Lee Jones
B) Daniel Day-Lewis
C) Arliss Howard
D) Morgan Freeman
  • 96. What was the name of the Minneapolis community band that changed its name to distance itself from Calhoun?
A) Minneapolis Heritage Band
B) Calhoun-Isles Community Band
C) The Dakota Lakes Band
D) The Calhoun Symphonic Band
  • 97. How high was the statue of Calhoun erected in Charleston in 1896?
A) 25 feet
B) 115 feet
C) 50 feet
D) 200 feet
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